Amol M. Joshi

Prior scholarship generally examines the returns generated by firm-government engagement. These studies are based on an implicit and understudied assumption – the firm’s strategic choice of whether to engage with the government. Here, we unpack the drivers of this choice. To do so, we construct a population-level sample of U.S. high-tech ventures founded between 2015–2017; the full sample exceeds one million firms. We then utilize government records to identify initial firm-government engagement; approximately 24,000 high-tech ventures reveal this preference by firm age three. We examine a range of external and internal factors that may motivate such a choice. The results indicate that firm-government engagement most prominently coincides with firm resource constraints. Features driving such engagement include: (i) underrepresented minority-owned firms; (ii) small firms; (iii) firms with greater early-stage growth potential; and (iv) firms located in less intensive entrepreneurial settings. This study offers managerial, policy, and scholarly contributions by uncovering new insights around firm strategy and government opportunities for high-tech ventures.

This perspective article presents an innovative concept for a biomanufacturing Knowledge Hub (KH), designed as a data-driven learning platform supporting the entire lifecycle of biomedical products. By integrating advanced data sharing and processing technologies, the KH aspires to connect patients, bioengineers, clinicians, regulators, companies, and investors to accelerate product development, reduce redundancies, and ultimately fast-track the delivery of biomedical innovations to patients. We discuss current challenges in accessing and sharing data within biomanufacturing and outline novel approaches for building an ecosystem that links data stores, integrates digital twins, and leverages advanced analytics. The KH offers transformative capabilities, enabling the development of new products at a substantial increased speed. It is built as a secure, quantum-resistant platform that encrypts data and allows access through advanced algorithms, creating an intelligent, collaborative environment. Users can harness collective knowledge to enhance products, launch innovations, integrate technologies, and unlock revenue opportunities based on data quality and usage. This KH aims to revolutionize biomanufacturing, offering unprecedented opportunities for innovation, better patient outcomes, and commercialization with far reaching applications beyond biomanufacturing in the future.

While prior scholarship examines the relationship between community development financial institutions (CDFIs) and economic development, little is known about their effectiveness and impact on cultivating inclusive urban entrepreneurship. The authors contend that greater attention directed toward young firms’ persistent needs for early resource acquisition, coupled with increased emphasis on the activity among business owners from minoritized groups, can extend the extant literature in a more inclusive manner. To do so, the authors trace the diffusion of CDFIs across the United States between 2013 and 2021 to examine their association with underrepresented minority-owned and/or young firms. One finding is that the presence of CDFIs bolsters the share of minoritized firms at the city level. Further, the authors find that this positive relationship holds for young firms owned by minoritized groups. The empirical results are contextualized with a case study of a nonprofit community bank seeking CDFI certification. This example highlights the importance of providing business assistance and financial capital to urban entrepreneurs.

The collection of patient data outside of a healthcare clinic or physician’s office through remote patient monitoring (RPM) has been touted to improve patient care and clinician decision making. However, these implementations can be challenging and complex, and an RPM Infrastructure Framework has identified some of the challenges and considerations associated with RPM interventions. Using a case study approach, this research examines the RPM Infrastructure Framework in the context of the use of remote patient monitoring to manage hypertension. Our findings identify support for the major components of the framework, but also identify additional considerations for RPM interventions that could affect their implementation.

When common‐pool resources such as freshwater, clean air, and fisheries span national borders, the collective action problems encountered are particularly severe. This study explores the role of polycentric governance systems in overcoming these pressing problems, which frequently underlie global grand challenges. Integrating political economy and management research, we hypothesize about how two governance mechanisms – international treaties and multi‐stakeholder organizations – shape the likelihood of cooperation and conflict between countries. Leveraging unique, longitudinal data capturing interactions of countries bordering international river basins, our empirical analysis reveals two main findings. First, we find that the specification of multi‐stakeholder organizations enhances water‐related cooperation and reduces water conflict among countries, while the specification of international treaties enhances cooperation but does not affect conflict. Second, we find that leaving one of these governance mechanisms less specified than the other actually improves, rather than harms, relationships between countries. Our findings point to a superior governance configuration that simultaneously enhances cooperation and constrains conflict. This configuration combines: (1) treaties that establish property rights but leave procedural rules and uncertainty management provisions less established with (2) multi‐stakeholder organizations that define processes for making decisions, sharing information, engaging the public, and resolving disputes.

Remote patient monitoring (RPM) enables clinicians to maintain and adjust their patients’ plan of care by using remotely gathered data, such as vital signs, to proactively make medical decisions about a patient’s care. RPM interventions have been touted as a means to improve patient care and well-being while reducing costs and resource needs within the health care ecosystem. However, multiple interworking components must be successfully implemented for an RPM intervention to yield the desired outcomes, and the design and key driver of each component can vary depending on the medical context. This viewpoint and perspective paper presents a 4-component RPM infrastructure framework based on a synthesis of existing literature and practice related to RPM. Specifically, these components are identified and considered: (1) data collection, (2) data transmission and storage, (3) data analysis, and (4) information presentation. Interaction points to consider between components include transmission, interoperability, accessibility, workflow integration, and transparency. Within each of the 4 components, questions affecting research and practice emerge that can affect the outcomes of RPM interventions. This framework provides a holistic perspective of the technologies involved in RPM interventions and how these core elements interact to provide an appropriate infrastructure for deploying RPM in health systems. Further, it provides a common vocabulary to compare and contrast RPM solutions across health contexts and may stimulate new research and intervention opportunities.

UNSTRUCTURED Remote patient monitoring (RPM) enables clinicians to maintain and adjust their patients’ plan of care by using remotely gathered data, such as vital signs, to proactively make medical decisions about a patient’s care. RPM interventions have been touted as a means to improve patient care and well-being while reducing costs and resource needs within the health care ecosystem. However, multiple interworking components must be successfully implemented for an RPM intervention to yield the desired outcomes, and the design and key driver of each component can vary depending on the medical context. This viewpoint and perspective paper presents a 4-component RPM infrastructure framework based on a synthesis of existing literature and practice related to RPM. Specifically, these components are identified and considered: (1) data collection, (2) data transmission and storage, (3) data analysis, and (4) information presentation. Interaction points to consider between components include transmission, interoperability, accessibility, workflow integration, and transparency. Within each of the 4 components, questions affecting research and practice emerge that can affect the outcomes of RPM interventions. This framework provides a holistic perspective of the technologies involved in RPM interventions and how these core elements interact to provide an appropriate infrastructure for deploying RPM in health systems. Further, it provides a common vocabulary to compare and contrast RPM solutions across health contexts and may stimulate new research and intervention opportunities.

Prevailing theory assumes certifications signal quality. However, ventures that most require certifications are frequently constrained from generating such signals. Thus, extremely few can ever acc...

Around the world, governments make substantial investments in public sector research and development (R&D) entities and activities to generate major scientific and technical advances that may catalyze long-term economic growth. Institutions ranging from the Chinese Academy of Sciences to the French National Centre for Scientific Research to the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers conduct basic and applied R&D to create commercially valuable knowledge that supports the innovation goals of their respective government sponsors. Globally, the single largest public sector R&D sponsor is the U.S. federal government. In 2019 alone, the U.S. government allocated over $14.9 billion to federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs), also known as national labs. However, little is known about how federal agencies’ utilization of FFRDCs, their modes of R&D collaboration, and their adoption of non-patent intellectual property (IP) policies (copyright protection and materials transfer agreements) affect agency-level performance in technology transfer. In particular, the lack of standardized metrics for quantitatively evaluating government entities’ effectiveness in managing innovation is a critical unresolved issue. We address this issue by conducting exploratory empirical analyses of federal agencies’ innovation management activities using both supply-side (filing ratio, transfer rate, and licensing success rate) and demand-side (licensing income and portfolio exclusivity) outcome metrics. We find economically significant effects of external R&D collaborations and non-patent IP policies on the technology transfer performance of 10 major federal executive branch agencies (fiscal years 1999–2016). We discuss the scholarly, managerial, and policy implications for ongoing and future evaluations of technology transfer at federal labs. We offer new insights and guidance on how critical differences in federal agencies’ interpretation and implementation of their R&D management practices in pursuit of their respective missions affect their technology transfer performance outcomes. We generalize key findings to address the broader innovation processes of public sector R&D entities worldwide.