André Luiz Veiga Gimenes

O planejamento energético contemporâneo requer uma abordagem holística que integre tanto os recursos do lado da oferta quanto os do lado da demanda, visando o desenvolvimento sustentável. Este estudo aplica a metodologia do Planejamento Integrado de Recursos (PIR) ao Gerenciamento do Lado da Demanda (GLD) para avaliar os potenciais completos de um recurso energético pelo lado da demanda (RELD) no setor industrial, utilizando cogeração a partir de biomassa na Região Administrativa de Araçatuba. O Cômputo e Valoração de Potenciais Completos (CVPC) é realizado sob quatro dimensões: técnico-econômica, ambiental, social e política. A cogeração é analisada em termos de eficiência energética, redução de demanda em horários de ponta e impactos socioambientais. O estudo de caso mostra que a cogeração a partir de biomassa oferece benefícios significativos, como redução de custos operacionais e postergação de investimentos no setor elétrico, embora apresente desafios ambientais.

O sistema elétrico de Roraima operou historicamente sob a condição de isolamento em relação ao Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN), com base majoritária na geração termelétrica e na importação de energia da Venezuela, interrompida em 2019. O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a evolução da infraestrutura energética estadual, compreendendo a transição do modelo de sistema isolado até a conexão ao SIN, por meio do Linhão de Tucuruí, bem como avaliar as perspectivas de integração energética regional no contexto do Arco Norte. A metodologia adotada consiste em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, estruturada como um estudo de caso comparativo que examina o cenário de geração térmica local e o cenário de interligação ao SIN. Os resultados projetados indicam que a energização da linha de transmissão, em 2025, alterará substancialmente a matriz energética estadual. Observa-se uma diminuição no consumo de combustíveis fósseis e, consequentemente, uma redução nos encargos da Conta de Consumo de Combustíveis (CCC), além da mitigação das emissões de gases de efeito estufa. Conclui-se que a superação do isolamento elétrico amplia a segurança do suprimento local e estabelece as condições necessárias para o aproveitamento do potencial hidrelétrico e da complementaridade sazonal das fontes renováveis entre Brasil, Guiana e Venezuela, favorecendo a eficiência energética na região.

This work aims to develop a modeling methodology for photovoltaic system projects, using BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology, and to monitor the computer programs developed by the market, aiming at choosing an appropriate tool for its practical application in real problems. The aim is to perform the modeling considering several residential, commercial and industrial infrastructures and according to the voltage levels relevant to the electricity distribution networks. Thus, modeling aspects for photovoltaic plants in residences, buildings, green spaces and parking lots are addressed. The methodology and 3D BIM model developed aim to assist in the sequential elaboration of the respective project. The methodology presents the flow of information and actions necessary to execute a project from the beginning until obtaining the 3D BIM model. The 3D BIM model presents the data, families, views, tables, graphs and single-line diagrams, which allow the user to consolidate the computational development of the project, in a 3D visual environment. It is important to note that the methodology and model may be adjusted or adapted depending on the computational tool chosen. As a case study, the design of a 162 kWp solar photovoltaic plant for an existing building at the University of São Paulo is carried out, considering four photovoltaic fields, two of which host photovoltaic modules installed coplanarly and the other two photovoltaic fields receive modules installed on the ground. The chosen computational program met expectations, since it is a user-friendly platform with prospects for use in larger capacity plants.

Visando a transição energética, o Brasil, assim como o Mundo inteiro, pretende tornar sua matriz energética mais limpa. Este Trabalho aborda, como a questão do uso de infraestrutura de gás natural já consolidada pode ser adaptada a uma combinação com hidrogênio, no caso específico do Brasil, primeiramente, por meio do uso de gás natural combinado com biometano. Para tanto, é realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de projetos existentes no Mundo e no Brasil. A conclusão é que, no caso brasileiro, dada a exigência da lei, a injeção de hidrogênio até 2025 será de 5% e até 2050, de 10%, utilizando uma rede de gás natural existente, mas, começando com a introdução do biometano e sendo necessária uma revisão técnica da condição dessa infraestrutura para esse fim.

The objective of this work is to analyze the economic viability of a replacement to the energy supplied by the grid during costly periods by infrastructure owned by the consumer. The study takes into account the costs to purchase, manage and operate the structure to set which option an affordable option. A statistical approach based on the Monte Carlo Method distributes the costs through a 25 lifecycle period, establishing the cash flow and the economic parameters for each energy source combination scenario. The scenarios are evaluated for a Brazilian consumer, and the current regulatory parameters and market values are deployed to study the viability for a Diesel Generator, and two different types of batteries as replacements during the most energy-costly periods. As a result, the work establishes the most affordable scenarios from a technical and economic approach. Batteries are still costly for the consumer, and a 48.3% reduction in the costs may enable the deployment of batteries as an alternative in the country. The results establish that multi-source energy set with a Diesel Generator is an economically viable possibility during peak hours.

This work aims at analyzing and architecting natural and artificial parameters to model a water-film cooling system for photovoltaic modules for some months under warm conditions. Methodologically, the theoretical and technical aspects were structured to develop, implement, monitor, and assess the cooling system at an on-grid, outdoor testing unit, considering the following: (i) the criteria to select and to approve the implementation site (infrastructure and climatologic and solarimetric conditions); (ii) the types, frequency and qualities of the monitored data; (iii) the system measurement, monitoring and control equipment; (iv) the commissioning of the system as a whole; and (v) the tests and results empirically obtained. The water-film cooling system reduces the temperature by 15–19%, on average, and up to a maximum of 24–35%. In terms of electric power, there was an average gain of 5–9% at the time of day with the highest solar radiation, and maximum gains of 12% on days with solar radiation above average. Regarding gross energy, average gains of 2.3–6%, and maximum gains of 6.3–12%, were obtained. It was concluded that the test unit helps understand the natural phenomena and the development, operation, and maintenance of performance gain systems of on-grid PV modules for construction on a commercial scale.

The objective of this work is to analyze disturbances in the environment caused by anthropic activities in the oil and gas extraction sector. Methodologically, focusing on environmental vulnerability (EV), hydrocarbons (oil and gas) are considered through a qualitative and quantitative analysis of environmental impacts, including the research of Environmental Impact Studies and procedures like EIA/RIMA (institutional Environmental Impact Reports in Brazil). This study focuses on the operation and demobilization of the offshore drilling activity and the installation and operation of the Santos Basin pre-salt oil and gas production (Stages 1, 2, and 3). The criteria addressed in the EIA/RIMAs are used, focusing on those that correlate with EV and oil and gas extraction. Impacts for long-term, permanent, partially reversible, or irreversible disturbances are filtered, totaling 53 impacts (31 effective/21 potential). We concluded that the criteria and methodologies of EIAs vary between stages. At times, the variation is so drastic that the same impact can have a completely different rating from one stage to another, despite referring to the same area. This condition makes it impossible to define a single vulnerability index for the pre-salt venture. This work does not offer a concrete resolution, but exposes the EV issue and its inconsistencies.

The objective of this work is to analyze, through environmental vulnerability (EV), disturbances in the environment caused by anthropic activities for the production of energy resources, focusing on the power generation sector. Methodologically, hydrocarbons (oil and gas) and solar are considered through a qualitative and quantitative analysis of environmental impacts, including the research in Environmental Impact Studies and procedures like EIA/RIMA (institutional Environmental Impact Reports in Brazil). This study focuses on operation and demobilization of offshore drilling activity, and installation and operation of the Santos Basin pre-salt oil and gas production and disposal activity Stages 1, 2, and 3. The criteria addressed in the EIA/RIMAs are used, focusing on those that correlate with EV and the production of electricity. Impacts for long-term, permanent, partially reversible, or irreversible disturbances are filtered, totaling 53 impacts (31 effective/21 potential). We concluded that the criteria and methodologies of EIAs vary between stages. At times, the variation is so drastic that the same impact can have a completely different rating from one stage to another, despite referring to the same area. This condition makes it impossible to define a single vulnerability index for the pre-salt venture. For a final analysis, we propose a cleaner energy production through distributed photovoltaic systems as a more adequate alternative for São Paulo’s energy supply in terms of its impact on EV.