Carlos Alberto Ramírez Vanegas

This study proposes the use of the Sine-Cosine Algorithm (SCA) to optimize the integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and distribution static compensators (D-STATCOMs) in medium-voltage distribution networks. The SCA is applied to determine the optimal placement and sizing of both PV units and D-STATCOMs, utilizing a hybrid discrete-continuous approach for codifying the solutions. A power flow analysis, based on the successive approximations method, is employed to assess system performance, including voltage regulation and power distribution. The optimization is carried out using a master-slave framework, where the SCA handles the optimization process, and the power flow model evaluates the technical outcomes. Case studies on 33- and 69-bus systems reveal that the SCA achieves significant reductions in system losses, with improvements of approximately $35.5227$\% and $35.6331$\%, respectively. Moreover, the SCA demonstrates computational efficiency, outperforming other methods such as the Vortex Search Algorithm (VSA) and previous benchmarks. All simulations and validations were conducted using MATLAB 2024a, confirming the SCA’s robustness for this application.

This article presents a solution methodology to minimize power losses in three-phase unbalanced distribution networks. This approach involved an efficient complex-domain model that is categorized under mixed-integer convex optimization. The methodology employed consisted of efficient load rotation at each constant power node via a three-phase rotation matrix that allows defining each load connection to minimize the expected power imbalance at the terminals of the substation, as well as the total grid power losses, and improve voltage profile performance at each system phase. The load imbalance, expressed as a percentage, can be defined as a function of the active, reactive, or apparent power. In addition, considering the complex-domain representation of three-phase electrical networks under steady-state conditions, a mixed-integer convex model was formulated to reduce the power imbalances. With the purpose of determining the initial and final power losses of these distribution systems, the successive approximations method was employed to address the three-phase power flow problem. As a result, numerical validations in the IEEE 25-bus system and a 35-node three-phase feeder showed that the final active power losses vary depending on the objective function analyzed. Therefore, for the test feeders studied, it is necessary to evaluate each objective function, with the aim of finding the one that yields the best numerical results. Power losses reductions of about 3.8056 % and 6.8652 % were obtained for both test feeders via the proposed optimization methodology. All numerical validations were performed in the Julia programming environment, using the JuMP optimization tool and the HiGHS solver.

Objective: The objective of this paper is to propose a methodology for the optimal location and sizing of D-STATCOMs within a distribution electrical system, with the aim to reduce the annualized operating costs related to the annual power energy losses and the investment costs associated with the installation of the D-STATCOM. Context: This paper presents a hybrid methodology based on a master-slave strategy and the genetic and particle swarm optimization algorithms for solving the problem of optimal location and sizing of Distribution Static Compensators (DSTATCOMs), for reactive compensation in electrical distribution systems. Methodology: In this paper was used a mathematical formulation that represents the effect of the location and sizing of D-STATCOMs in electrical distribution systems; by proposing a master-slave methodology combining the genetic algorithm and the particle swarm optimization algorithms as a solution method. Furthermore, with the aim to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methodology in this work, three comparison methods, two test systems, and multiple technical considerations were used to represent the electrical distribution systems in a distributed energy resource environment. Results: The results obtained show that the proposed methodology is the most effective solution method for solving the problem, by achieving the greatest reduction in relation to the investment and operating costs. This methodology will allow the grid operators to identify the location and size of the D-STATCOMs within the electrical energy distribution system, with the lowest investment and operating costs in relation to other works reported in specialized literature. Conclusions: The obtained results demonstrate that GA/PSO achieved the best performance, with the DCVSA comparison method in second place, and the GAMS solvers in third place. It is important to notice that it was not possible to evaluate the GAMS solvers on the 69 bus test system, because this solver failed the mathematical formulation that represented this electrical system. Based on previous results, it can be concluded that the GA/PSO is the most suitable optimization method used for solving the problem of optimal integration of D-STATCOMs in Distribution electrical systems for the grid.

Purpose: In the present work, the 2D design of H-Darrieus turbines with a diameter of 900 mm and NACA blades 0018, 0025, 2415, and 4415 has been carried out for the solidity values of 0,5; 1 and 1,5. In order to know its maximum performance. Method/design/approach: The 2D simulations were developed with the ANSYS® FLUENT package in the transient state, varying the angular velocity (ω) for a peak velocity ratio (TSR) of 1 to 7 and the SST K-ω turbulence model, for a constant water flow rate of 1 m/s. This in order to know the results of the torque (Nm) generated and thus calculate the power coefficient (Cp). Results and conclusion: The NACA 0018 blade reached a power coefficient of 0,604 for a solidity of 0,5, followed by NACA 2415 blade at the same solidity with a maximum Cp of 0,594. On the other hand, the NACA 0025 blade for solidity of 1 reached a maximum Cp value of 0,570, while the NACA 4415 profile with a solidity of 1,5 obtained a maximum value of 0.495. Research implications: These results of maximum Cp values were given in a TSR range of 2 to 4 with a mean value of 3,5 for NACA profiles 0018 and 2415. Thus, evidencing the behavior of this type of turbine reaching maximum values to then begin to decrease. Originality/value: The present work contributes to the understanding of the impact of geometrical parameters on the operating coefficient of H-Darrieus.

Objective: The purpose of this work is to implement an educational methodology from the Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (ITM) Toolbox, to achieve in Electronic Technology students, the appropriation of soft skills to solve social problems from applied engineering in favour of a sustainable society. Theoretical framework: The Toolbox to develop the international profile of students proposed, for the development of the methodology, the tool "Global Profile Competencies" that was selected, which states that for the development of a student's global profile, soft skills and professional skills must be covered. Method: The methodology contemplates six phases that are developed throughout a semester, the first three phases require six classes of a subject, the rest of the phases require partially directed independent work time. A comparison is made of the group intervened with the methodology against a group of similar conditions from the immediately previous year, and a comparison between the projects presented in the same year by students from other groups who were not intervened. Results and conclusion: The effectiveness of the methodology is verified by ensuring that all the students of the intervened group focus their projects on the proposed orientation and are recognized by the juries of a Sample of Classroom Projects. Implications of the research: In the first stage of application of the tool, generic and specific competences were chosen. The soft skills selected: Commitment to its socio-cultural environment, Social Responsibility and Citizen Commitment, as the necessary framework to establish the Engineering for a Sustainable Society methodology. Originality: In the context of sustainability, this work sought the appropriation of soft skills typical of the global engineer in the students of Electronics Technology of the ITM as part of their training.

Purpose: This project consisted of a technical study of the location of a wind microgeneration system and the collection of data that impact on said system at the La Bella farm in a rural area of the municipality of Acevedo (Huila, Colombia). Theoretical framework: The Weibull distribution was used to statistical analysis of the data, which is the most widely used system for calculating wind potential. Method/design/approach: The study was divided into two phases "previous study" and "intensive study", 95,760 data were collected in total and were statistically analysed using Weibull frequency distribution and WAsP software. Results and conclusion: The average annual speed of 5.7 and 6.5 m/s, these being higher than the speed necessary to obtain an electric potential. Research implications: It is concluded that the wind potential is 135.2 W/m² and 186.2 W/m² respectively. Originality/value: The anemometer data acquisition device is an original design assembled for this study. The statistical analysis of the wind using the Weibull distribution was programming like mathematical model in Microsoft Excel and compared with the results obtained by the WAsP Climate Analyst software.

Objetivo: Presentar una metodología para la planificación de movimientos de sistemas autónomos con múltiples agentes. Metodología: Se define y parametriza el comportamiento físico de un equipo de sistemas de navegación autónoma, luego se describe e implementa un algoritmo de síntesis de políticas de control que interpreta estas descripciones convertidas a fórmulas LTL y se genera un modelo que permite hacer abstracciones automáticas. A partir de configuraciones genéricas de solución, se deriva en el caso de múltiples robots con una única tarea en un entorno con obstáculos fijos. La metodología se valida en diferentes escenarios y se analizan los resultados. Resultados: La metodología propuesta para planificación de movimientos en sistemas con múltiples agentes, combina dos técnicas del estado del arte, permitiendo mitigar la explosión combinacional de estados presente en los enfoques tradicionales. Conclusiones: La metodología que se presenta resuelve el problema de síntesis de autómatas para el control de alto nivel, con cambio de tareas durante la ejecución. Bajo ciertos criterios, se mitiga el problema de explosión combinacional de estados asociado a estos sistemas. La solución es óptima respecto al número de transiciones seguidas por los miembros del equipo. Financiamiento: Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

The study of physical models is generally modeled by means of partial differential equations which is still an open field in current research, such is the case of Laplace's differential equation which is surely one of the most important representations of the telecommunications industry. In the following article we will use techniques based on finite elements, through this technique we will find the behavior of the electrostatic potential in each part of the conductor: dielectric conductive material and armored material. The configuration of the coaxial cable allows to find the distribution of the dielectric displacement in the entire composition of the same in such a way that it guarantees the maximum data transfer as the signal transmission frequency increases and the attenuation of the external interference signals increases. In the first section we propose to obtain the linear terms that will calculate the weights of the values of a linear combination that numerically approximates the variable of interest through Galerkin's residual theory applying the finite element method, which for the two-dimensional case with elements Triangular linear lines that discretize the cross section of the coaxial cable, in such a way that it is easier to find these constants including the initial conditions and contour, thus allowing to guarantee the existence of a numerical solution.

This article will show how to address non-linear systems by means of state feedback linearization, through it we can have the stability of the system, which in most of the industry systems usually occurs. As the main contribution, tools of differential geometry will be presented, which is a recent branch of mathematics and physics which expands the concepts and definitions of classical mathematics, therefore, the model will be presented in terms of the definitions of space Tangent, derivative and Lie bracket all this allows us to understand and propose new solutions more efficiently since traditionally the techniques used revolve around the definitions of fields on finite spaces. The model on which the control techniques will be applied will be implemented on an electrical machine such as the synchronous generator, with the purpose of applying a control law that allows the outputs of the synchronous machine to adjust to the desired references, said the model is of great importance in the electricity sector industry because it can control the variables of the system.

Bearings installed in industrial electric motors, currently are constituted as the main mode of a failure affecting the global energy consumption. Since energy demand from light industry only grows, demand for effective maintenance in electric motors is critical. Proper life management of such assets focuses on the study of the useful life, delivering efficient information about location and severity of different health status, and using vibration signals from bearings with analysis approaches based on characteristics in time, frequency and time-frequency domains. These domains are characterized by its own benefits as well as its shortcomings, and thus most current works focus only on one of these analyses’ domain. This paper studies a possible sub-relevant set of features that favor separability between classes of severity levels to perform training on a concatenation of hierarchical HMM in order to analyze multiple health conditions in bearings, including faults and severities in the following rolling elements: ball, inner race, and outer race. As a result, a substantial improvement is observed in the diagnosis of fault type and severity level present in the bearings and being in concordance with previous studies where just overall process is reported.