Vinicius Guerra

Considering the social, economic, and public health relevance of advanced maternal age (AMA), this study aimed to examine temporal and regional patterns and the impact of socioeconomic factors (education, marital status, income, and health service access) on birth rates in Brazil. A cross-sectional observational analytical approach was used with data from DATASUS and IBGE (2000–2019). Descriptive and statistical analyses of demographic and socioeconomic variables were performed. The results show a rising trend of AMA in Brazil, with maternal education level and marital status significantly associated with this increase. Most women received excellent prenatal care, although little information is available to assess the quality of this care in most cases. Annual GDP per capita was highly correlated with childbirth to women with AMA. Finally, the number of deaths of women with late pregnancies varied greatly between Brazilian regions, being highest in the Southeast and Northeast. These findings emphasize the need for health policies targeting women of late reproductive age, ensuring access to quality care. Understanding the dynamics of late motherhood is vital for shaping effective reproductive health and family planning strategies that address regional and socioeconomic disparities.

Background: We investigate the influence of environmental variables and edge-interior gradients on the diversity and composition of anuran assemblages in four forest fragments in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Methods: A total of 590 individuals from 37 species and eight families were recorded, with Leptodactylidae being the most abundant family. Results: The Humaitá Forest Reserve (RFH) exhibited the highest species richness and diversity, while the Raimundo Irineu Serra Environmental Protection Area (APA) had the lowest. Species composition varied significantly among fragments and along the edge-interior gradient, with edges showing higher species richness. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that temperature, humidity, and litter depth were the most important environmental variables structuring anuran communities. Conclusions: Edge habitats supported disturbance-tolerant species, whereas forest interiors harbored moisture-dependent specialists. These findings underscore the importance of conserving larger, less disturbed fragments and implementing management strategies that account for environmental heterogeneity. This study provides critical insights into the factors shaping anuran distribution in fragmented Amazonian landscapes, offering valuable guidance for biodiversity conservation in the region.

Local and regional species diversity is influenced by historical factors, resource availability, biotic interactions, the presence of resources, and adequate environmental conditions. We evaluated the effects of local environmental variables and spatial structure on fish species richness and composition along sandy beaches of a Neotropical river. The sampling period extended from June to September 2017, encompassing 31 sandy beaches. A comprehensive collection effort yielded 15,627 individuals representing 60 distinct fish species. The PCA indicated that beaches located in the upper part of the river tended to have higher pH, current speed, and shallower depth, while the lower part had greater length, warmer waters, and greater concentration of dissolved oxygen. There was a trend towards lower species richness in the upper part and greater richness in intermediate portions of the Acre River. Multiple regression indicated that only water temperature positively influenced the variation in fish species richness as predicted by the energy‐environment hypothesis. Also, water temperature, concentration of dissolved oxygen, and depth were essential to determine changes in species composition. We found no evidence of spatial autocorrelation. Therefore, local environmental variables, especially the water temperature, are important factors in determining the fish richness and variation in species composition on sandy beaches of the Acre River.

Local and regional species diversity is influenced by historical factors, resource availability, biotic interactions, the presence of resources, and adequate environmental conditions. This study investigated the influence of local environmental variables such as temperature, depth, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen on fish richness and composition along the beaches of the Acre River in Brazil. The sampling period extended from June to September 2017, encompassing 31 sandy beaches. A comprehensive collection effort yielded 15,627 individuals representing 60 distinct fish species. The PCA indicated that beaches located in the upper part of the river tended to have higher pH, current speed, and shallower depth, while the lower part had greater length, warmer waters, and greater concentration dissolved oxygen. There was a trend towards lower species richness in the upper part and greater richness in intermediate portions of the Acre River. Multiple regression indicated that only water temperature influenced positively the variation in fish species richness as predicted by the energy-environment hypothesis. Also, water temperature, concentration of dissolved oxygen, and depth were essential to determine changes in species composition. Therefore, local environmental variables, especially the water temperature, are important factors in determining the fish richness and variation in species composition on sandy beaches of the Acre River.

Local and regional species diversity is influenced by historical factors, resource availability, biotic interactions, the presence of resources, and adequate environmental conditions. This study investigated the influence of local environmental variables such as temperature, depth, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen on fish richness and composition along the beaches of the Acre River in Brazil. The sampling period extended from June to September 2017, encompassing 31 sandy beaches. A comprehensive collection effort yielded 15,627 individuals representing 60 distinct fish species. The PCA indicated that beaches located in the upper part of the river tended to have higher pH, current speed, and shallower depth, while the lower part had greater length, warmer waters, and greater concentration dissolved oxygen. There was a trend towards lower species richness in the upper part and greater richness in intermediate portions of the Acre River. Multiple regression indicated that only water temperature influenced positively the variation in fish species richness as predicted by the energy-environment hypothesis. Also, water temperature, concentration of dissolved oxygen, and depth were essential to determine changes in species composition. Therefore, local environmental variables, especially the water temperature, are important factors in determining the fish richness and variation in species composition on sandy beaches of the Acre River.

Anais do Congresso Zarns Interligas (978-65-272-1336-9) - A Acessibilidade Tecnológica E Seu Impacto Na Socialização Do Idoso

The Amazon biome is home to the largest tropical forest on the planet and has the greatest global biodiversity on Earth. Despite this, several less charismatic taxonomic groups, such as amphibians, lack comprehensive studies on their species richness and spatial distribution in the Amazon Region. In this study, we investigated: i) patterns of richness and endemism of Amazonian amphibians across geopolitical and biogeographic divisions, ii) similarities between different Amazonian bioregions, iii) temporal trends in amphibian sampling, iv) conservation status of amphibians according to assessments of the IUCN and v) the importance of diverse data sources in building a robust database of amphibian occurrences. We aggregated data from four different sources: publicly accessible platforms, peer-reviewed articles, grey literature and fieldwork inventories spanning 15 years (2007–2021), ultimately compiling 160,643 records of 947 species across 7,418 sampled sites. The greatest diversity of species was found in Peru, Brazil and Ecuador, with notable amphibian diversity and endemism in regions such as the western basins and the Tapajós River Basin in the central-southern Amazon. Geographical analysis of species diversity revealed four distinct groups defined by latitudinal (the Amazon River) and longitudinal (the Juruá, Madeira and Tapajós Rivers) gradients, with low species similarity (< 40%), particularly in the basins of north-western Amazonia. Amphibian sampling in the Amazon has intensified since the 1950s with the establishment of important research centres such as INPA and the GOELD Museum in the Brazilian Amazon. Approximately 18% of Amazonian amphibian species face extinction risk, according to IUCN assessments, highlighting the need for comprehensive data sources to understand and conserve species in this megadiverse region. Our findings suggest that river systems likely influence Amazonian amphibian species composition due to biogeographic history, emphasising the need for robust taxonomic and spatial databases. This study, therefore, contributes a valuable large-scale dataset for Amazonian amphibians, guiding future research and strategies for amphibian conservation.

Acoustic communication in animals can be affected by multiple biotic (intra and interspecific) and abiotic (e.g., wind and rain) natural noises. In addition, human beings produce additional novel sources of noise, which can reduce or inhibit the reception of acoustic signals by conspecifics, leading to behavioral changes. In this study, we investigated whether sound of conspecifics and road noise additively affect the acoustic parameters of the advertisement call of males of a Yellow Heart-tongued Frog (Phyllodytes luteolus). We hypothesized that males that vocalize in larger choruses (many males) and in areas close to highways (anthropic noise) will increase their temporal and spectral acoustic parameters, respectively, to avoid acoustic signal masking. We recorded the vocalizations of 38 males in environments close (N=18) to and distant (N=20) from highways in different social contexts (many or few individuals in the chorus). Contrary to our expectation, the results indicated that individuals exposed to road noise had lower dominant frequency calls than those from natural areas, and that the density of males in the chorus had no influence on the acoustic parameters. Furthermore, we found a positive relationship between body size and intensity, indicating that larger individuals can emit calls that can reach greater distances. The advertisement call of Phyllodytes luteolus has a high dominant frequency, with little overlap with the frequency of anthropic noises (roads), which may explain its presence and reproductive success of this species in bromeliads from urbanized areas.

Dados de ocorrência e riqueza de espécies são importantes para subsidiar ações de conservação em áreas estratégicas. Para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a herpetofauna do bioma Cerrado, apresentamos uma lista de espécies de anfíbios e répteis da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Serra do Tombador (RNST). O trabalho de campo foi realizado em novembro de 2016 e as coletas foram realizadas por meio de armadilhas de interceptação e queda, busca ativa, encontros ocasionais e registros de terceiros. Também consideramos as espécies registradas no Plano de Manejo da RNST. Registramos 34 anfíbios e 55 répteis, e expandimos a distribuição conhecida de algumas espécies. As curvas de espécies de anfíbios observadas e estimadas apresentaram tendência de estabilização, com a riqueza observada representando 89% do número de espécies esperadas. Por outro lado, as curvas das espécies de répteis observadas e estimadas não mostraram tendência de estabilização. Mesmo considerando o menor período amostral neste estudo, a riqueza de espécies de anfíbios e répteis foi semelhante ou maior à encontrada em áreas protegidas do Cerrado, próximas a RNST. A presença de espécies com endemismo restrito, recentemente descritas, e dados insuficientes destacam a importância da RNST para a conservação da herpetofauna do Cerrado.