Joko Gunawan

Aim: To synthesize existing evidence to inform targeted recruitment strategies and interventions. Background: The ongoing global shortage of nurses presents a significant threat to healthcare delivery. Addressing this requires an understanding of why pre‐nursing students choose to or avoid nursing as a career. A key deterrent is the profession's negative image, often associated with “dirty work.” However, current literature lacks a comprehensive view of the factors shaping these perceptions. Methods: Nine databases were searched from inception to October 2024. Eligible studies included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed‐methods designs focusing on pre‐nursing students’ perceptions of nursing image. A five‐stage framework analysis structured the findings, and Bronfenbrenner's social–ecological model categorized factors at individual, interpersonal, and societal levels. The JBI Convergent Integrated Method integrated qualitative findings and qualitized quantitative evidence according to these levels. Results: Thirty‐two studies (9034 participants) from 14 countries were included. Individual‐level factors included gender stereotypes, knowledge of the profession, perceived work attributes, and intrinsic motivation. Interpersonal‐level factors included the role of family, peers, and exposure to nursing professionals. Societal‐level factors included media portrayals, sociocultural norms, and targeted recruitment interventions. Conclusion: Factors converge across levels, and passive visibility alone is insufficient to shift entrenched views. Post‐COVID “hero” narratives may increase visibility but also reinforce associations with fatigue and difficult working conditions. Improving pre‐nursing students’ perceptions of nursing image requires sustained, coordinated, multilevel recruitment strategies. Implications for nursing: Educators and healthcare institutions may consider strategies that challenge gender stereotypes, engage parents and peers, provide structured exposure to nursing roles, and strengthen leadership‐focused media portrayals. Implications for health policy: Recruitment strategies should be supported by policy and aligned with efforts to address structural conditions that shape nursing image, with the ultimate goal of strengthening the future nursing workforce and as part of workforce planning.

Background: Intense workloads and irregular scheduling put global nursing work–life balance at risk. While healthcare systems frequently try to implement and evaluate strategies to mitigate this, the existing evidence base is limited by conceptual ambiguity, intervention heterogeneity and a lack of nurse‐specific designs. Aim: To synthesise interventions designed to improve work–life balance and explore their effectiveness in enhancing work–life balance among nursing professionals. Design: A scoping review. Data Source: Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Grey literature was searched on ProQuest. Methods: This review adhered to the five‐stage framework established by Arksey & O'Malley. Articles published from inception up to October 2024 were searched. Studies were eligible if they involved registered nurses or nursing professionals as the primary population, evaluated or described interventions aimed at improving work–life balance or related constructs (e.g., work–life conflict), reported empirical findings and were published in English. Data were charted with a standardised form created iteratively by the review team. Extracted variables included study characteristics, participant demographics, intervention type and duration, work–life balance outcome measures and key findings. Reporting followed the PRISMA‐ScR Checklist guidelines. Results: This review included twenty‐two studies. Findings were categorised into the following four intervention types: (1) wellness programme, (2) training programme, (3) work digitalisation and (4) work flexibility. Conclusion: This paper highlighted the complex nature of work–life balance and the importance of a comprehensive approach to help nurses manage their professional and personal roles. Implications for the Nursing Profession and Health Care Practice: Insights from this review can guide administrators, managers, educators and policymakers in developing work‐life balance interventions, particularly through AI‐enabled digitalisation of nursing work and greater flexibility in work arrangements, while also informing future research to advance this underdeveloped concept.

Introduction: The Good Nursing Care Scale for Nurses (GNCS-N) measures nurses’ perceptions of nursing care quality, but no validated Indonesian version has been available. Objective(s): This study aimed to translate, adapt, and evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the GNCS-N (I-GNCSN). Method: Following COSMIN-informed procedures, the GNCS-N underwent forward-back translation, expert review, and pilot testing. A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted among inpatient nurses, and 255 complete responses were retained for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A second-order CFA was performed in LISREL 8.72 because the GNCS-N has an established theory-based multidimensional structure. Model fit was evaluated using chi-square, RMSEA, SRMR, CFI, NNFI, NFI, GFI, and AGFI. Convergent validity was assessed using average variance extracted (AVE), and internal consistency was assessed using composite reliability and Cronbach’s alpha. Result: The final I-GNCSN retained the original seven dimensions and 40 items. The re-estimated second-order CFA showed acceptable-to-good fit: chi-square = 1529.99, df = 708, RMSEA = 0.068 (90% CI 0.063-0.072), SRMR = 0.059, CFI = 0.98, NNFI = 0.98, and NFI = 0.96. GFI (0.77) and AGFI (0.73) remained below ideal thresholds and are therefore interpreted cautiously. Most standardized factor loadings were moderate to high, although one item showed comparatively weak performance and should be re-examined in future studies. Internal consistency remained acceptable, whereas convergent validity was weaker for constructs with AVE values below 0.50. Conclusion: The I-GNCSN demonstrates acceptable structural validity and good internal consistency for use among Indonesian inpatient nurses. However, some fit indices remained suboptimal and convergent validity was mixed for several constructs; therefore, findings should be interpreted cautiously. Further studies should examine temporal stability, test the instrument in broader clinical settings, and re-evaluate weaker items.

Aim: To examine temporary registered nurses' job satisfaction, motivation, intent to stay and work experiences of gig or locum nursing roles.Design: A two‐phase mixed methods study.Methods: Participants were temporary registered nurses who engaged in gig or locum roles. In Phase I, a cross‐sectional quantitative study was carried out to examine temporary nurses' job satisfaction, motivation and intent‐to‐stay. In Phase II, a descriptive qualitative study was conducted to provide a more nuanced understanding of the factors that influenced temporary nurses' work experiences. The participants took part in a one‐time, individual, semi‐structured audio‐ and video‐recorded interview via Zoom. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic analyses.Results: A total of 111 temporary nurses were included in this study. The temporary nurses scored higher for the subscale on intrinsic job satisfaction than on extrinsic job satisfaction, with the lowest item score for career advancement. They scored highest for extrinsic motivation, with the highest item score on compensation. They also reported low intention to stay in their current roles. A purposive sampling of 20 nurses participated in the interviews. Four themes emerged from the qualitative findings on their work experience: flexible schedule for work‐life balance, attractive yet unstable compensation, job autonomy and impeding clinical and professional growth.Conclusion: Temporary nurses are attracted to gig or locum nursing work due to compensation, work flexibility and job autonomy. Further research to examine the perspectives of patients, permanent staff and nursing managers is needed to provide more insights for healthcare policymakers and administrators.Impact: Healthcare organisation could consider incorporating flexible work schedule and job rotation to make permanent staffing models more attractive for them. The digital platform could be adopted to promote long‐term engagement in specific work setting and foster career development, ensuring the safe practice of temporary nurses.Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution.

Background: Stroke rehabilitation profoundly impacts individuals’ physical, emotional, and social identities, presenting significant challenges to self-perception, mental health, and quality of life. Social stigma, particularly internalized stigma, exacerbates these difficulties, influencing recovery and rehabilitation. Despite its critical implications, the experiences of internal stigma among stroke survivors remain underexplored, particularly within specific cultural contexts. Aim: This study aims to explore the lived experiences of stigma among stroke survivors in Indonesia, focusing on its impact on their self-identity, social interactions, and recovery process. Methods: A qualitative study employing hermeneutic phenomenology was conducted to explore the experiences of 12 stroke survivors. Participants were purposively sampled from a neurological rehabilitation center in Bali, Indonesia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted in Bahasa Indonesia, focusing on self-perception, social interactions, and recovery challenges. Thematic analysis was used to identify and interpret core themes, supported by rigorous methods to ensure credibility, dependability, and transferability. Results: Four main themes emerged: (1) Journey of Self-Acceptance and Inner Struggles: Participants described challenges in accepting their altered identities, grappling with self-image, guilt, and the quest for purpose. Rediscovering usefulness emerged as a key coping mechanism. (2) Challenges in Social Connections and Communication: Survivors experienced shrinking social circles, communication difficulties, and feelings of devaluation, often leading to social isolation and emotional distress. (3) Navigating External Perceptions and Social Stigma: Participants reported discrimination, unfair treatment, and a lack of respect, contributing to feelings of alienation and diminished dignity. (4) Resilience and Support Systems in Recovery: Resilience, supported by strong relationships and rehabilitation efforts, played a crucial role in fostering recovery and finding new meaning in life. Conclusion: Internal stigma profoundly impacts stroke survivors’ recovery journeys, shaping their emotional resilience, social interactions, and self-perception. Addressing stigma through targeted interventions, inclusive care models, and societal education can enhance survivors’ quality of life and recovery outcomes. Future research should explore broader populations to generalize findings and develop tailored interventions to reduce stigma’s negative impact.

Aim: To synthesize evidence on strategies to elevate the brand image of nursing.Background: The shortage of nurses worldwide may reflect a significant disconnect between the essential role of nurses in healthcare and public perceptions of the nursing profession. Negative perceptions and misconceptions contribute to an outdated brand image of nursing. Branding strategies are needed to bridge the gap between the nursing profession's current image as caring helpers and its desired brand position as influential leaders.Methods: This scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's five‐stage scoping framework. Eight databases were searched from 2000 to 2023 and screened according to the eligibility criteria. Results were reported according to the PRISMA‐ScR checklist.Results: Five themes emerged: profile the desired nursing image, which emphasizes consistent messaging portraying nursing as an intellectual science‐based and diverse profession; foster gender equality, which focuses on fostering a gender‐inclusive workforce; develop nurses as brand ambassadors who actively advocate for a positive nursing image; increase nurses’ visibility to the public, which highlights the use of media and public engagement to showcase nurses’ expertise; and create empowering nursing structures, that foster professional growth and development.Conclusion: Strategies to elevate nursing's brand include profiling an inclusive image, developing nurse ambassadors, increasing visibility, and implementing empowerment initiatives through professional development and supportive work environments.Implications for nursing policy: Insights from this review can inform policymakers, professional nursing organizations, academia, and healthcare institutions regarding branding strategies. Key strategies include marketing the nursing profession at the micro, meso, and macro levels, leveraging media to influence public perceptions, overcoming gender stereotypes, fostering interprofessional equality, creating supportive work environments, and enhancing professional development opportunities that advance nurses as leaders.

Loneliness is a widespread issue that significantly affects the well‐being of older adults globally, with cultural shifts and urbanisation increasing their vulnerability to social isolation. Despite growing concern about this issue, there is a lack of research on coping strategies for loneliness among older adults in Indonesia. This study aimed to explore how older adults in Belitung, Indonesia cope with loneliness. A descriptive phenomenology design was used, and in‐depth semi‐structured focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with older adults (aged 60 and above) at two public health centres. The first FGD, with five participants, took place in October 2023, followed by a second FGD with ten participants in March 2024. Both sessions were audio‐recorded. The interview data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Colaizzi's method. The results showed that all participants reported experiencing loneliness and shared various coping strategies. Five themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Cultural and Religious Practices as Coping Mechanisms, highlighting the significance of spirituality; (2) Traditional Social Interactions, such as ‘Ngelakar’ and ‘Begalor,’ which strengthen community bonds; (3) Staying Active through ‘Posyandu Lansia,’ which supports physical and emotional well‐being; (4) The Role of Family and Grandchildren, providing emotional warmth and a sense of purpose; and (5) Leisure and Recreational Activities, offering enjoyment and distraction. The findings reveal that older adults use culturally rooted strategies to manage loneliness, emphasising the importance of community, tradition, and spirituality. Gender differences were also noted. These results may inform the development of culturally tailored community nursing interventions aimed at reducing loneliness and enhancing the well‐being of older adults.

This study aimed to explore the perspectives of Indonesian nursing students on the utilization of ChatGPT in their learning process. A qualitative descriptive design was conducted among 19 second-year nursing students (age 18–20) who were purposively selected. Data were collected in February 2023 through online (Zoom meetings) and offline (face-to-face) focus group discussions (FGDs), lasting 43 to 64 min each. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were developed: (1) ChatGPT may be helpful but not fully trusted, (2) Nurse skills will never be replaced, and (3) The need for evaluating and advancing curriculum. In conclusion, this study provides vital insights into nursing students’ attitudes toward using ChatGPT. Although acknowledging the ChatGPT’s benefits, students are mindful of its limitations. This study also recommends integrating artificial intelligence and emerging technologies into the nursing curriculum while highlighting nurses’ unique abilities and the essence of caring in nursing.