Aleksei Tugay

Актуальність дослідження зумовлена потребою впровадження ефективних цифрових підходів до управління відновлювальними роботами в умовах масштабних руйнувань та високої невизначеності. Традиційні методи координації, планування й ресурсного забезпечення є недостатніми через фрагментованість інформації та обмежену швидкість ухвалення рішень, тоді як технології інформаційного моделювання будівель (Building Information Modeling, далі – BIM) формують єдине цифрове середовище, здатне забезпечити узгодже- ність і передбачуваність відновлювальних процесів. Мета статті полягає в обґрунтуванні організаційно-технологічного підходу до управління відновлювальними роботами на основі BIM, спрямованого на підвищення точності планування, оптимізацію логістики, зміцнення ресурсної координації та зменшення операційних ризиків. Методи дослідження охоплювали аналітичне узагальнення практик BIM-застосування в проєктах відновлення, структурно-функціональний аналіз логістичних, організаційних і ресурсних процесів, а також порівняльну оцінку моделей взаємодії між учасниками в цифровому середовищі. Результати показують, що BIM істотно підвищує керованість відновлення завдяки інтеграції даних про пошкодження, ресурси, логістику та календарні етапи в єдиній моделі; забезпечує скорочення простоїв, зниження ризику колізій і прозорість взаємодії між підрядниками й технічними службами. Виявлено перешкоди впровадження, зокрема різний рівень цифрової готовності учасників, відсутність уніфікованих регламентів, технічну несумісність платформ, низьку якість первинних даних та несинхронність оновлень. На основі отриманих результатів сформовано покрокову модель впровадження BIM-орієнтованого управління, що узгоджує цифрові процедури, параметризацію ресурсів, моніторинг і управлінські рішення в єдиний контур. У висновках зазначено, що BIM створює цілісну цифрову основу для планування, координації та контролю відновлювальних робіт, істотно підвищуючи їхню результативність. Перспективи подальших досліджень пов’язані з автоматизованою валідацією BIM-даних, прогнозуванням ресурсних потреб, інтеграцією з геоаналітикою та застосуванням алгоритмів штучного інтелекту для оптимізації сценаріїв відновлення.

The article provides for the possibility of using theoretical and applied tools for optimization of investment and construction projects. The use of innovative methods through an engineering approach to the organization of construction consists in accumulating the results of scientific achievements, knowledge, careful study of external factors in order to find new ideas, new technologies and tools, which should contribute to obtaining better results in the implementation of construction projects throughout their entire life cycle, and also minimize risks for the investor. The analysis conducted allowed to identify the need for improving methods for assessing the reliability and optimizing the successful implementation of construction projects. This is especially relevant in conditions when increasing the efficiency of capital investments in construction projects requires improving economic relations in construction, strengthening contractual discipline, increasing the economic responsibility of builders and customers for the final results. For the effective use, in the current economic conditions, of existing methods of construction planning and production organization, for a positive impact on the acceleration and efficiency of construction, it is necessary to include in these methods the consideration of the existing specific features of the construction industry. The options for the possible application of organizational and technological tools are considered, the results of the presented material can be used to solve practical problems of optimizing and improving project indicators in planning and managing investment and construction activity processes. A professional approach to the tool for effectively solving the problems of developing construction production with optimal distribution of investments is an obvious necessity today. The need to create methods for solving problems related to increasing the efficiency of construction project implementation, minimizing project execution time, and maximizing profits, taking into account organizational, technological, economic factors and elements of the external environment, determines the relevance of this work.

In the non-rhythmic flow construction of industrial facilities, there are processes with a reserve of unused labor resources on works and grabs, which affect the term of work (the period of deployment of flows). The analysis of non-rhythmic works showed that they have works with a period of curtailment of flows of greater than the smallest value and they have a reserve of unused labor resources, but do not affect the terms of execution of works. It is proposed to reduce the duration of non-rhythmic flow works on technologically identical processes by using unused labor resources on works with an increased flow curtailment period on interdependent grippers. Performed preliminary studies showed that interdependent grabs for parallel work are determined by a rank matrix with priority on the OVRR front. These jobs with increased flow deployment period showed that redistributing work volumes between two jobs reduces the duration of jobs. In previous studies, the redistribution of the volume between these two works has an abstract nature without determining the technological homogeneity of the two works. The redistribution of non-rhythmic work volumes is forged in it into technologically identical types of occupations. For processes with an increased period of curtailment of flows, it is proposed to balance two jobs by a parallel method of performing work on technologically identical types of work without the use of additional labor resources. Optimizing the reduction of the construction period involves the use of parallel methods on two technologically identical works with an increased flow curtailment period. The example shows examples of balancing two jobs by using special and universal (excavator) machines with specialized specialists or complex crews. Technical and economic indicators were determined for the performed optimization.

The article researched and established that in order to improve the tools, models and methods of organizational-technological and geo-informational modeling of complex organizational training, the branch specifics of objects were taken into account, since cluster construction represents a variety of objects, and is also characterized by significant uncertainty of information support . At the same time, a significant amount of geoinformation, which is necessary for high-quality organizational and technological preparation of the territories allocated for construction, is not used. The work analyzes the main tasks and stages of complex organizational preparation of concentrated construction, existing technologies of automation of construction processes, to identify the technology of geoinformation modeling taking into account the specifics of the industry and the necessary tools for assessing the adequacy of the necessary information support. The article describes the practical implementation of a geoinformation modeling tool for complex organizational preparation of concentrated construction for the development of a digital geoinformation 3D model of a consolidated plan of engineering networks based on the modern GEOCAD software complex of the GEOKAD company - a domestic developer of engineering GIS, which works in the AutoCAD 3D modeling environment. The researched experimental approbation of the methodology for assessing the reliability of the organizational preparation of the territorial cluster was carried out on the example of the development of the territorial cluster in the city of Vinnytsia, taking into account the possible states of the system and with the calculation of reliability indicators of consolidated calendar plans for the preparation of construction sites for the cluster objects. An analysis of the geoinformation provision of all cycles of organizational training was carried out and showed that in real practice there is no single system and comprehensive approach to both the formation of information provision and the functioning of the services of the customer-builder. In this connection, models of the functioning of the complex training system were considered and improved.

The present document helps to determine the impact of loads on buildings for the subsequent optimal choice of the organizational and technological solution of the construction project. In further studies it is shown that the effect of loads has a major influence on the process of construction and the optimization of the time cost efficiency. The known literatures describe the loads as a statistical variable which is related to the local, environmental and useable conditions of the project. All types of loads, static and dynamic, directly reduce or increase the cost of the project, it depends of the consideration taken during the design. For example, the main variable that will be considered in this document is the soil effect on the cost of the structure under static and dynamic loads, if it is taken or not into account during the design of the superstructure, and how it changes the whole behavior of any structure making it more rigid or more flexible. A particular study is done here down in this document showing the effects of soil on two different buildings during a dynamic impact (seismic event in our case). Moreover, this document provides with the needed formulas and tools to describe the soil material in 3D design softwares. The use of these tools will let the structural designer to change the response spectra curve and reduce the influence of the dynamic impact on the building. Thus, a comparative table will show the difference between the use of rigid base models and flexible ones to spotlight the effects of the soil. Furthermore, a sensitivity study is done showing the contribution part of some formulas in the soil consideration.  The reduction in the base shear will allow the client and contract to reduce the budget of the project and by this an optimization of the constructional time can be done.

A section of the Syretsko-Pecherska metro line is being built in Kyiv. Subway line tunnels are built in a partially open way. In the area of the picket PK-2 pit construction of the subway is an existing building on Ave. Truth 68, which is located in the zone of possible influence. The impact on the construction of surrounding buildings occurs at different stages of the existence of subway tunnels: the construction of tunnels with open pits and the stage of operation of subway tunnels with vibration during train traffic. At the stage of construction of subway tunnels, deformations of the soil base under existing buildings occur during the development of soil in the middle of the pit, which leads to uneven subsidence of buildings. The article investigates the effectiveness of methods of strengthening the foundations of the surrounding buildings with a certain impact from the construction of the subway line. To determine the most effective option of strengthening the foundations of the house in the construction of tunnels of the subway line, variable calculations were performed using different schemes of strengthening the foundations to determine the optimal ratio of labor costs to ensure strength and minimize deformation in each way. Taking into account the constructive scheme of the building, engineering and geological conditions of the construction site and technological possibilities of non-destructive reinforcement of the foundations, the following reinforcement options were considered: installation of the foundation slab; injection of reinforcing solution of the foundation base; arrangement of micropiles. Calculations of the system "pit - soil - building" were performed in the software and calculation complex "PLAXIS 2D" by the finite element method. Given that the greatest influence on the occurrence of defects in the structures of the building will give the parameter of non-uniformity of deformations, the comparison of the reinforcement efficiency was determined by this parameter. The smallest non-uniformity of deformations was provided by means of strengthening by a base plate. Compared to this method, the reinforcement of the foundation foundation injection with 89% more non-uniform deformations gave the reinforcement solution, and 296% more non-uniform deformations with micro-field reinforcement. The most effective way to strengthen the foundations of the building is to install a foundation slab with a compaction of the base with a self-expanding polymeric material.

Building Information Modeling (from English, Building Information Modeling, BIM) – the use of a general digital representation of an object under construction to facilitate the design, construction and operation processes in order to create a reliable basis for decision making. The Building Information Model (from English, Building Information Models, BIMs) is a set of structured and unstructured information containers (datasets) within a holistic information system, containing the necessary geometric, physical, functional and other characteristics of an object, which are a source for documentation accompanying the life cycle of an object (project documentation, estimates, etc.). The content of the construction information model is identical to the content of the project documentation, expanded with additional data. Within the construction industry, it is the implementation of specific tasks and procedures applied to the processes of entering, processing, creating and transmitting data to ensure the accuracy and integrity of information throughout the entire life cycle of an object, based on the definition of Information Management. This is to guide the implementation of BIM in an organization, ensure that BIM-related goals are achieved, and support the development / delivery of new services and the effectiveness of information modeling. The implementation and development of ВIM technologies requires the creation of communities that will serve as a tool for the promotion and implementation of ВIM technologies. In Ukraine, there is no expert environment on ВIM at the state level, but it is available in business. Therefore, the logical formula for creating a common platform for the promotion of VIM would be to involve representatives of all stakeholders with equal voting rights: the state, business, the public. It is proposed to create a community of UA BIM Task Group for the period necessary for sufficient integration of ВIM into the construction industry (approximately 10-15 years). The organization should consist of three components: membership; expert; secretariat.

Construction is a complex system whose parameter values are constantly changing over time and depend on a huge number of factors. Successful completion of a construction project is to achieve the set goals: completion of construction on time, completion of planned workloads, optimal resource allocation, achievement of quality construction products. One of the most important technical and economic indicators of organizational and technological design is the duration of construction. Without its definition, it is impossible to correctly determine the cost of construction, to generate cash flow for the investment period of a construction project, to evaluate its effectiveness.The work is devoted to the organization of frame monolithic works of complexes by different methods, to determine the difference in cost, duration and dynamics of investments, which should be taken into account to the investor. Consideration was given to the construction of a monolithic frame of the house with the use of construction machines and mechanisms.- streaming method, and streaming optimized to eliminate downtime by adjusting construction time;- the parallel method with the greater use of resources;- the method is combined (parallel-sequential);is a sequential method.Functions defined:- cost dependence on the time of general complex construction;- the cost dependence of the time of individual work in the flow with downtime.One of the main tasks was to determine the optimal durationworks for the investor, because the type of organization affects the following indicators:- duration;- cost;- dynamics of investments.Housing is one of the most important areas that determine the economic stability and economic growth of the country, requiring significant and long-term financial investment. That is why the organization of effective management of innovative investment activity in housing construction is a task of particular importance.However, the development of the housing market is hampered by the following factors: inefficient ways of managing construction projects, low level of mobility of economic flows in construction, lack of qualified specialists and participants in the investment construction process. Therefore, the development and implementation of effective ways of managing investment is an important task today.

The article is aimed at considering the content of information modeling of construction and investment projects through the joint application of BIM-technologies (Building Information Modeling - information modeling of buildings) for the full life cycle of construction objects. The use of this approach in the implementation of investment and construction projects makes it possible to detail the project in order to make timely decisions at every stage of the project life cycle, from the concept of a future facility to its operation.Building information modeling technologies make it possible to determine and increase the level of interaction between project participants and improve the organization of collaboration between all construction participants. This requires quantitative and qualitative transformations, including the transition to information modeling and in areas related to construction, which contribute to a more efficient allocation of investments and the formation of the optimal project cost, solving the problems of increasing construction volumes and implementing large-scale infrastructure projects in optimal terms at the state level. Determining the prerequisites and ways of implementing the BIM concept with the optimization of business processes is relevant and requires scientific substantiation and implementation of the study of information modeling technology in the educational process for a high-quality and professional approach to construction projects in practice.