Selvanathan Shanmuga Priya

A highly effective photocatalyst ought to have an adequate number of active sites, use enough photons, and transport excited electron–hole pairs rapidly. This study describes how an in situ developing approach was successfully used to produce a highly active, affordable composite. Because of its highly uniform surface, the chosen MOF permits active sites in the photocatalytic reduction activity and provides sufficient space for the chalcogenide nanoparticles to disperse. The as-synthesized chalcogenide has a larger surface area than the one that was reported previously. Additionally, in comparison to pure MOF and chalcogenide, the combination displays a higher ability to absorb light. The separation and transmission of photoexcited electron–hole pairs are accelerated by the significant reduction in the rate of photogenerated carrier recombination. Characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet absorption (UV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), are used to thoroughly examine and analyze the morphological, compositional, structural, and optical characteristics. The distinctive peaks that corresponded to the JCPDS data stood in accordance with the XRD pattern of the synthesized semiconductor. A thorough investigation of photocatalysis under light irradiation was carried out using a simple photoreactor system. The desirable rate of ethanol production was 3730.29 μmol g–1 h–1 at a 30% addition ratio of MOF, showing improved CO2 reduction efficiency when compared with pure synthesized chalcogenide and MOF following a Z-scheme heterojunction.

Electrofuels (e-fuels) offer a decarbonization pathway for the hard-to-abate transport sectors of aviation, maritime, rail, and heavy-duty road transport by exploiting existing fuel infrastructure while eliminating fossil carbon emissions. Despite this advantage, commercial deployment remains constrained by prohibitive production costs (currently €3–6/L for e-diesel, €2–5/L for e-methanol), intensive energy requirements (∼50 kWh renewable electricity per liter), and systemic upscaling barriers including feedstock availability and carbon source purity. We critically examine sector-specific deployment potential, identifying aviation and maritime as priority markets where electrification alternatives remain limited while highlighting hybrid architectures (e-fuel/electric synergies) for rail and road applications. This review synthesizes recent technological advances demonstrating pathway efficiency improvements up to 70% through process intensification and advanced catalytic systems, notably CO₂ hydrogenation selectivity exceeding 80% for e-kerosene synthesis. Life cycle assessments indicate emission reductions of 75–90% relative to fossil-fuel counterparts, contingent on fully renewable energy inputs. Economic modeling projects cost parity trajectories toward €1.5–3.0/L by 2030, driven by renewable energy scale-up and learning-curve effects in electrolyzer and synthesis technologies. Policy analysis highlights the necessity of carbon pricing mechanisms, renewable fuel mandates, and targeted R&D funding to derisk investment and accelerate market formation. Finally, we explain critical research gaps in large-scale system integration, sustainable carbon sourcing, and life cycle sustainability assessment methodologies. By addressing these multidimensional challenges, e-fuels can transition from niche demonstration to commercially viable bridge technologies on the path to fully sustainable transport ecosystems.

The fast spread of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria has prompted scientists to investigate alternate techniques to tackle infectious illnesses. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have appeared as a favorable route for creating novel antibacterial agents in this area. This article seeks to provide a concise review of MOFs as a prospective candidate in the fight against bacterial contamination and the mechanism involved in disinfection. The structural features of MOFs that contribute to their antibacterial activity are reviewed. Also, it comparatively analyzes the various commonly used MOFs in antibacterial applications in facemasks and discusses the challenges and future recommendations to increase the efficiency of the antibacterial activity. It also briefs down the mechanism, commonly available MOFs and the scope of the MOFs in antibacterial applications.