Burcak Cavnar Helvaci

Objective: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder frequently accompanied by autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to investigate the impact of coexisting autoimmune disorders, particularly celiac disease, on metabolic control and diabetic complications in patients with T1DM.Material and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of autoimmune diseases among patients with T1DM. Metabolic regulation and diabetic complications in patients with T1DM who also had celiac disease or Hashimoto’s hypothyroidism were compared with those in patients with T1DM alone.Results: Among 155 patients with T1DM, 26.5% had Hashimoto-related autoantibody positivity (n = 41), 7.7% had celiac-related autoantibody positivity (n = 12), and 1.9% had Graves-related autoantibody positivity (n = 3). Endoscopic duodenal biopsy was performed in three symptomatic patients with positive celiac autoantibodies, and histopathological findings consistent with celiac disease were identified in one patient. Eight seropositive patients declined biopsy but became asymptomatic after starting a gluten-free diet. No significant differences in metabolic control or diabetic complications were observed between patients with or without autoimmune comorbidities (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Although autoimmune disorders are more prevalent in individuals with T1DM than in the general population, they do not appear to influence glycemic regulation meaningfully. Nonetheless, routine screening remains advisable to enhance quality of life and reduce the burden of comorbidities.

Aim: Diabetes mellitus raises risks for the mother, fetus, and infant. Preconception care plays a vital role in reducing the likelihood of miscarriage, congenital anomalies, and perinatal mortality. A higher level of knowledge before pregnancy is associated with better glycemic control and reduced diabetes-related risks. This study aimed to assess the pre-pregnancy knowledge of women of reproductive age with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to inform strategies for improved pregnancy planning and care in this high-risk group. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional, single-center study included women with T1DM aged 18–45 years attending an endocrinology outpatient clinic. Participants completed a structured questionnaire designed to evaluate their knowledge of preconception care. Results: A total of 117 women with T1DM participated in the study. The mean knowledge score was 58.6%. Participants who had received preconception care education scored significantly higher than those who had not (69.98% vs. 47.13%, p

SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated significant cardiovascular and renal benefits, increasing their use in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Concerns have been raised about their potential to exacerbate urinary incontinence (UI). This study evaluates the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on de novo UI in female diabetic patients with CKD who were initially UI-free. This single-center, prospective cohort study was conducted from March 2023 to March 2024 at Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Hospital. Female diabetic patients with stage 2-4 CKD, who were UI-free, were included. Participants were assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) before and after initiating SGLT2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin 10 mg or empagliflozin 25 mg). Follow-up visits occurred between 30 and 90 days post-initiation. The primary outcome was the incidence of de novo UI, with secondary outcomes including the severity of UI and the occurrence of UTIs or genital infections. Among the 250 participants, only 4 (1.6%) reported mild UI symptoms after a mean follow-up of 50 ± 16 days. No symptomatic UTIs were observed, and two patients developed genital candidiasis. These findings challenge the concern that SGLT2 inhibitors exacerbate UI, even in an older, high-risk population. SGLT2 inhibitors do not significantly increase the risk of de novo UI in elderly female diabetic patients with CKD, supporting their continued use for their cardiovascular and renal benefits.