Mahesh Joshi

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between management commitment and organizational performance and assesses whether this relationship varies across contextual and organizational conditions. In particular, the study evaluates the potential moderating roles of national sustainability, environmental management accounting (EMA), performance type (environmental versus non-environmental) and firm size. Design/methodology/approach: A meta-analysis was conducted using 47 independent samples comprising 14,163 observations drawn from empirical studies across multiple industries and countries. Effect sizes were aggregated to estimate the overall relationship between management commitment and organizational performance. Subgroup analyses were then performed to test whether this relationship differs across sustainability contexts, EMA-related study groupings, performance types and firm size categories. National sustainability was operationalized using a sustainability index derived from the World Economic Forum's Future of Growth Report (2024). Findings: The results reveal a significant positive overall association between management commitment and organizational performance. However, subgroup analyses indicate that this relationship remains broadly consistent across high- and low-sustainability contexts, environmental versus non-environmental performance outcomes, SMEs versus large firms and EMA-related study groupings. None of the examined factors shows statistically significant moderating effects, suggesting that the positive influence of management commitment on performance may be relatively stable across these contexts. Practical implications: The findings highlight the importance of management commitment as a broadly effective driver of organizational performance across diverse contexts. While sustainability-oriented practices and EMA remain important managerial tools, the results suggest that strengthening managerial commitment itself may be a more universally reliable mechanism for improving organizational outcomes. Originality/value: This study provides the first comprehensive meta-analytic synthesis of the relationship between management commitment and organizational performance while systematically examining the potential moderating roles of sustainability context, EMA, performance type and firm size. By integrating evidence across prior empirical studies, the findings offer a robust pooled estimate of this relationship and challenge assumptions that contextual factors necessarily strengthen or weaken the commitment–performance link.

Recent reforms in the United States (U.S.) to strengthen the resilience of financial institutions mandated greater allocation to Treasury holdings, enhancing liquidity and capital adequacy. This study examines factors that US banks consider when optimising treasury securities portfolios and managing risks, while conforming to regulatory liquidity and capital requirements. These factors were derived from quarterly Call Reports filed by U.S. commercial banks with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council. The analysis used a modified two-factor asset pricing model for bonds, with average maturity and default risk as the main factors. The study found that the 30-day Treasury bill rate influences the average maturity of U.S. banks’ Treasury securities portfolios, whereas the 10-year Treasury bond yield, the Tier 1 capital adequacy ratio, and the Treasury securities-to-total assets ratio exert negative effects. Regarding portfolio performance, the bond market term risk premium (TERM) and average maturity emerge as the primary drivers of excess returns. Tier 1 capital adequacy ratio and the treasury securities-to-assets ratio also significantly influence excess returns, while the default risk premium is significant only in the post-GFC period, reflecting heightened credit risk during financial stress. Tier 1 leverage capital ratio is found to have no impact on excess returns in banks’ treasury securities portfolios. This study and its findings can help avoid divergent behaviours among banks. Additionally, we urge banks to reevaluate ethical and strategic priorities for profitability rather than relying on regulatory adjustments. Though centred on the U.S., the study's insights are relevant to other markets.

Financial literacy is increasingly recognised as a cornerstone of organisational success, yet its full potential in driving performance remains underexplored. To address this critical gap, this study conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis of 62 studies, encompassing 124,704 observations, to uncover the nuanced effects of financial literacy on organisational performance. Our findings reveal that financial literacy strongly has a positive effect on organisational performance. Beyond the main effect, subgroup analyses highlight how the influence of financial literacy varies across contexts, including financial literacy at the National Level (as measured using the financial literacy index derived from the Global Competitiveness Report 2017–2018 ) company sizes, performance types, and accounting‐based measures such as profitability, sale growth and return on assets (ROA) . The findings suggest that the association between financial literacy and performance remains consistent across countries with both high and low levels of financial literacy. Furthermore, while financial literacy boosts profitability and ROA, its impact on sales growth is notably absent, suggesting its strongest effects are tied to metrics rooted in financial stability and efficiency. These results emphasise the transformative role of financial literacy in shaping performance outcomes and offer fresh insights into its strategic importance. By advancing the understanding of how financial literacy operates across diverse contexts, this study provides essential guidance for policymakers and business leaders striving to cultivate financially adept organisations and secure long‐term success. This study provides a valuable foundation for future research by showing how financial literacy impacts organisational performance in different contexts, helping guide future studies in various industries and settings.

Purpose: Green intellectual capital (GIC) has evolved from an emerging topic into a growing research domain. This study synthesizes the various dimensions of GIC to provide a comprehensive understanding of its role in business sustainability, environmental performance and competitive advantage, while also presenting a valuable research agenda for future studies.Design/methodology/approach: This study applies bibliometric and content analysis to 672 articles retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and ProQuest, published between 2008 and 2024. The content analysis serves as the core analytical approach, enabling the identification of key research themes and the development of meaningful directions for future research in the current study.Findings: The study identifies three distinct clusters with associated sub-themes: (1) GIC as a driver of business sustainability, environmental performance and competitive advantage; (2) GIC and strategic orientation and (3) GIC, green human resource management (GHRM), social orientation and green entrepreneurial orientation. The findings suggest that GIC research is becoming increasingly multidisciplinary, drawing on environmental consciousness, technological advancements, sustainability accounting, innovation and regulatory frameworks.Practical implications: The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of GIC, particularly for practitioners across various industries. The study highlights the critical role of GIC in enhancing environmental performance and achieving a competitive advantage. It also provides practical insights for scholars, managers, practitioners and regulators, offering guidance on how to effectively implement GIC within organizational practices.Originality/value: This study is a structured and analytical assessment of the literature on GIC, providing an overarching analysis of its key dimensions, thematic developments and knowledge progression. By highlighting key theoretical, methodological and empirical gaps alongside emerging trends, the study offers fresh insights and sets a clear agenda for future research in this growing research area.

Purpose: The purpose of the current study is to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by understanding the rationale, benefits and consequences of taxing cryptocurrency transactions. This study investigates where taxation and cryptocurrencies meet from an investment standpoint.Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive bibliometric study was conducted to offer a thorough examination of the published literature in the last decade pertaining to the intersection of cryptocurrencies and taxation across nations. This study provides an analysis of citation patterns, prominent authors, publication trends and thematic clusters by applying VOSviewer and R-studio.Findings: The results indicate a tendency in the existing literature to address the taxes concerns associated with cryptocurrency transactions. The findings demonstrate that cryptocurrency taxation discrepancies across countries create tax evasion, transaction risks and market uncertainties.Practical implications: The report provides a theoretical framework for policymakers and financial experts to create a global cryptocurrency tax regime. The study emphasizes the need to incorporate technology start-ups to mitigate public safety and security risks, strengthen financial systems and provide regulators with necessary supervision.Originality/value: The study provides an extensive on taxation issues such as tax evasion and money laundering in the context of cryptocurrency. There has been no prior effort to explore this research domain so deeply and provide comprehensive details on cryptocurrency.

Purpose: This paper systematically analyzes the literature on environmental, social and governance (ESG). It explores the antecedents, decisions and outcomes (ADO) influencing ESG investments; theories used in the literature; publication years, geographical locations and journals of publication of ESG-related articles; notable gaps in research on ESG investments; theoretical and managerial implications and prospective research avenues within the ESG field. All ESG components are interconnected with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Design/methodology/approach: The PRISMA framework was employed to screen articles from the Scopus database. A total of 386 articles spanning 2011–2024 were included. The search terms used to screen the articles for inclusion were “sustainable finance,” “ESG,” “environment, social, corporate governance,” “green finance,” “green bond,” “social bond,” “blue bond,” “social finance” and “corporate social responsibility.”Findings: The findings indicate that organizations utilize green bonds, blue bonds and green loans to mitigate environmental concerns. To address social issues, companies issue social bonds and sustainable bonds and engage in socially responsible investing. To address concerns about corporate governance, companies emphasize corporate social responsibility and intellectual capital.Practical implications: The findings can be used to inform policymakers on the implementation of comprehensive regulatory frameworks in the realm of ESG. Tax benefits and subsidies should be extended to firms fostering ESG practices.Originality/value: This study offers a comprehensive synthesis of the ESG literature by examining the ADO framework, which has not been systematically applied to ESG investments before. It integrates diverse components of ESG investments with the United Nations’ SDGs, providing a unique perspective on how these investments align with global sustainability objectives.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between corporate governance, in particular board diversity, and corporate social performance (CSP) amongst the top 500 listed companies in India.Design/methodology/approach: Data from the top 500 listed Indian companies constituting the BSE500 index for a five-year period from 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2019 are used to test the impact of the proportion of women directors, proportion of women independent directors, female CEOs and other corporate governance variables on CSP.Findings: The results of panel regression analysis suggest that firms characterised by high proportions of women directors, independent women directors or a female CEO spend more on corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. Furthermore, CEO duality, board size and board independence are positively related to social performance. These findings are of relevance to the policymakers and board of directors who are engaged in meeting corporate governance requirements.Practical implications: This is one of the initial studies to document the impact of executive-level female representation on CSP following India's 2013 regulations on mandatory women representation on boards and CSR expenditure. The study reveals that greater gender diversity on corporate boards significantly boosts CSP, offering strategic advantages in governance and CSR. The study offers practical benefits for various stakeholders including corporate regulators, policymakers and corporate managers.Originality/value: The paper contributes to the corporate governance and CSR literature by showing that good governance practices and high women representation on boards promote social performance. Our study is one of the preliminary efforts to document the level and impact of female representation at the executive level on CSP after the regulation of minimum women representation on corporate boards and mandatory CSR expenditure requirement introduced in India in 2013.

The study analyses the impact of financial reputation on the cost of debt financing for Indian companies. In doing so, panel regression analysis is performed using firm-specific data on 395 Indian listed firms covering 2002–2017. The paper uses market capitalization as a benchmark of financial reputation. For robustness check, excess of market value over book value is also used as a proxy of financial reputation. The study found that the reputation of a firm in financial markets plays a vital role in determining the cost of financing. The results provide evidence supporting a significant negative relationship between financial reputation and the cost of debt. The findings provide motivation for corporate managers to invest in reputation-building activities to reduce the cost of borrowing. The relevance of reputation in lowering the cost of debt capital has garnered limited attention, especially in emerging economies like India. This study is a preliminary attempt to link two strands of research in the Indian context: financial reputation and the cost of debt.

ChatGPT has emerged as a significant subject of research and exploration, casting a critical spotlight on teaching and learning practices in the higher education domain. This study examines the most influential articles, leading journals, and productive countries concerning citations and publications related to ChatGPT in higher education, while also shedding light on emerging thematic and geographic clusters within research on ChatGPT’s role and challenges in teaching and learning at higher education institutions. Forty-seven research papers from the Scopus database were shortlisted for bibliometric analysis. The findings indicate that the use of ChatGPT in higher education, particularly issues of academic integrity and research, has been studied extensively by scholars in the United States, who have produced the largest volume of publications, alongside the highest number of citations. This study uncovers four distinct thematic clusters (academic integrity, learning environment, student engagement, and scholarly research) and highlights the predominant areas of focus in research related to ChatGPT in higher education, including student examinations, academic integrity, student learning, and field-specific research, through a country-based bibliographic analysis. Plagiarism is a significant concern in the use of ChatGPT, which may reduce students’ ability to produce imaginative, inventive, and original material. This study offers valuable insights into the current state of ChatGPT in higher education literature, providing essential guidance for scholars, researchers, and policymakers.