Priyanka Kriplani

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease, a chronic condition clinically diagnosed by joint discomfort or dysfunction. Each patient has a different level of OA symptoms, which are contingent on the disease's stage. Although oral drugs, intra-articular injections, and other therapies are widely used, they possess several disadvantages, including poor patient compliance, low bioavailability, and multiple side effects. Ethosomes have shown great promise in TDDS in recent years, especially for hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug substances. Ethosome preparation is easy, materials are readily available, and there is little risk of cross-contamination, all of which have enabled ethosomes to make major advances in increasing drug delivery efficiency. By facilitating targeted drug administration, they greatly increase the bioavailability of pharmaceuticals and boost patient compliance. The present paper offers a thorough analysis of recent developments regarding ethosomes for treating OA. It covers various materials (such as phospholipids, propylene glycol, etc.), fabrication methods (like reverse phase evaporation method, classic cold method, thin film hydration method, hot method, transmembrane pH gradient method, and ethanol injection method), and performance assessments (such as morphology, mechanical properties, and skin penetration capability). A comprehensive safety evaluation was also carried out, and the results demonstrated that ethosomes are safe for clinical use due to their low cytotoxicity and minimal skin irritation. As a novel therapeutic method for OA patients, ethosomes offer a very promising and effective alternative to oral and injectable drug delivery systems, significantly improving treatment outcomes and the quality of life of patients.

Flavopiridol, a synthetic flavonoid derived from rohitukine, stands out as a powerful cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with significant anticancer properties. Its action mechanisms involve inducing cell cycle arrest, triggering apoptosis, and inhibiting transcription across various cancer types. Despite these promising effects, flavopiridol’s clinical use has been hampered by issues related to toxicity and drug resistance. This study aims to comprehensively review flavopiridol’s mechanisms of action, structure–activity relationships, synthetic derivatives, pharmacokinetics, and its potential role in clinical applications, with a focus on how combination therapies can enhance its efficacy and address resistance challenges in cancer treatment. A thorough analysis of key studies was performed, examining flavopiridol’s anticancer properties, emphasizing its structure–activity relationships, synthetic modifications, and clinical outcomes. The anticancer effects of flavopiridol are primarily driven by its inhibition of CDKs, induction of apoptosis, promotion of oxidative stress, and antiangiogenic activity. Modifications in its chemical structure, especially in the D ring, have shown a significant impact on its CDK inhibitory potency. Several synthetic derivatives have also demonstrated enhanced anticancer activity. While preclinical models highlight flavopiridol’s potential in treating cancers such as leukemia and solid tumors, clinical trials have brought attention to its limitations, particularly regarding toxicity and resistance. However, flavopiridol remains a promising candidate for cancer therapy, especially when used in combination with other treatments. Future research efforts should focus on refining its therapeutic profile, minimizing toxicity, and investigating synergistic treatment combinations, including those with immunotherapy. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance and discovering predictive biomarkers will be crucial for its effective integration into clinical practice.

This article is already published with DOI: 10.32388/RIXY86 [http://dx.doi.org/10.32388/RIXY86]. There are no tables and figures, no clinical data, and no patent data. No new data or information is provided. There is no novelty. There is not even...

In the abstract, it is written that only 50% of patients face ADR upon cancer treatment, which is a vague sentence. In the main body of the manuscript, only one case is discussed. Rest all is discussed in the discussion section. Sections are not i...

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most widely spread tumor among the human population. It is usually adenocarcinomatous and develops as a polyp on the inner wall of the colon or rectum which may become malignant with time. Though its treatment is limited, its early diagnosis and prevention play a better role, thereby decreasing mortality rates. Objective: The molecular markers in CRC-affected tissues may play an important role to develop novel strategies to cure the disease. Nanotechnology consists of both an innovative diagnostic and therapeutic array of nanomaterials that may be used to target CRC like dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, nano-emulsions, etc. Methods: Current patents and research covering the nanotechnology used to target and diagnose CRC is included in the review. Results: Nanotechnology is playing a wonderful role in both the treatment and diagnosis of CRC. Conclusion: The present review may cover the recent advancements in nanotechnology in the treatment and diagnosis of CRC.

Background: Transdermal drug delivery is an emerging and appealing alternative to oral and hypodermic drug delivery systems. With the new developments in skin penetration techniques, anticancer drugs ranging from hydrophilic macromolecules to lipophilic drugs can be administered via a transdermal route to treat cancer. Objective: In the present review, various approaches to enhance the transdermal delivery of drugs are discussed, including micro and nanotechnology-based transdermal formulations like chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, phototherapy, vaccines, and medical devices. Limitations and advantages of various transdermal technologies are also elaborated. Method: In this review, patent applications and recent literature of transdermal drug delivery systems employed to cure mainly cancer are covered. Results: Transdermal drug delivery systems have proved their potential to cure cancer. They increase the bioavailability of the drug by site-specific drug delivery and can reduce the side effects/- toxicity associated with anticancer drugs. Conclusion: The potential of transdermal drug delivery systems to carry the drug may unclutter novel ways for therapeutic intercessions in various tumors.

Background: Polymers are the backbone of modern pharmaceutical formulations and drug delivery technologies. Polymers that may be natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic are used to control the release of drugs in a pre-programmed fashion. The drug delivery systems are mainly prepared to enhance the bioavailability, site-specific release, sustained release, controlled release, i.e., to modify the release of drug from dosage form may be a tablet, capsule, etc.Objective: The objective of the present study is to overview the recent patents concerning the application of eudragit in the prevention of cancer and other ailments. Eudragit polymers are polymethacrylates and may be anionic, cationic, or non-ionic polymers of methacrylic acid, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates, and methacrylic acid esters in varying ratios. Eudragit is available in various grades with solubilities at different pH, thus helping the formulators design the preparation to have a well-defined release pattern.Method: In this review, patent applications of eudragit in various drug delivery systems employed to cure mainly cancer are covered.Results : Eudragit has proved its potential as a polymer to control the release of drugs as coating polymer and formation of the matrix in various delivery systems. It can increase the bioavailability of the drug by site-specific drug delivery and can reduce the side effects/toxicity associated with anticancer drugs.Conclusion: The potential of eudragit to carry the drug may unclutter novel ways for therapeutic intercessions in various tumors.

At the present time, designing of defined release dosage forms, either controlled, sustained, modified, are gaining much importance. For the development of such delivery systems, proper blend of polymers is required so that drug release occurs by polymer erosion, swelling, diffusion/ dissolution. HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose) is the most commonly used cellulosic polymer available in various grades to develop such types of systems. Depending upon the molecular weight and viscosity chosen, it can be applied for emulsification, adhesion, bonding, thickening, suspension, film forming and gelation. It consists of polymeric units linked together, which retain water, thereby acting as an excellent hydrophilic gel forming polymer. It generally hydrates on the outer surface to form a gelatinous layer. It swells, expands upon contact with water and releases the drug in predetermined manner initially and then forms viscous gel to control the release further. The objective of the present review is to overview the recent patents and articles of HPMC, its properties, grades and its use in various drug delivery systems and as a binder, dispersing agent, bioavailability enhancer and as capsule forming material have been identified and reviewed.