Aylton Figueira Junior

Excess body weight contributes to biomechanical imbalance and musculoskeletal dysfunction, yet evidence on its association with postural deviations in physically active adults remains limited. This study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI), self-reported musculoskeletal problems, and postural deviations by anatomical region in adults engaged in regular exercise. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 309 adults (207 females, 102 males) aged 20–59 years, training two to three times per week. Anthropometric data, BMI, musculoskeletal complaints, and postural characteristics were assessed. Posture was evaluated using the Portland State University (PSU) method via digital biophotogrammetry, generating a Postural Correction Index (PCI), with ≥80% indicating normal alignment. Statistical analyses were performed using JAVOMI software, with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Males presented higher BMI (26.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2; p < 0.005), classified as overweight. The most frequent musculoskeletal complaints were the spine (32.6%) and the knees (20.5%). PCI values were below reference in both sexes (females: 79.5%; males: 76.5%; p < 0.005). Common deviations included forward head posture (89.8%), thoracic scoliosis (100%), shoulder protrusion (68.8%), pelvic tilt (91.7%), and knee hyperextension (94.7%). Males also showed abdominal protrusion (43.1%) and lateral hip rotation (91.2%). Physically active males demonstrated higher BMI and postural deviations suggestive of increased mechanical load and risk for chronic musculoskeletal conditions. Both sexes exhibited clinically relevant postural imbalances, reinforcing the need to integrate BMI and posture evaluation into exercise prescription to optimize musculoskeletal health.

Introduction: Recovery is the time-dependent psychophysiological process through which the body restores its functional capacity after training. Objective: The aim was to verify the correlation between the dimensions of motivational regulation and perceived states of recovery and stress. Methodology: Triathlon and martial arts athletes (N=41) were asked to complete the Sports Motivation Scale and the Recovery and Stress Questionnaire for Athletes. The results allow us to ponder that the motivational dimensions may be moderately related (r>0.3; r<0.8) in different ways with the states of recovery. Results: Demotivation levels correlated positively (p<0.05) with “general stress”, “emotional stress”, “social stress”, “lack of energy”, “somatic complaints” and “emotional exhaustion” subscales, whereas inversely correlated (p<0.05) with “success”, “general well-being”, “sleep quality”, “being in shape” and “self-efficacy”. The self-determination index was associated (p<0.05) with “general well-being” and “self-efficacy”. The subscale “being in shape” were associated (p<0.05) with intrinsic motivational dimensions. The subscale “personal acceptance” were associated with dimensions of introjection (p<0.05) and identification. Finally, the dimensions of identification was also associated (p<0.05) with “social stress” and “fatigue” subscales. Discussion: Improving the understanding of this theme, the results obtained in this study indicate that these relationships between motivation and recovery may vary, depending on the dimension of the motivation evaluated. Conclusions: It is concluded that, while levels of impersonal orientation are associated with states of stress and deficits in recovery, self-determined behaviours are associated with the occurrence of positive psychological states that can benefit the recovery process.

Barriers to physical activity (PA) refer to subjective difficulties that may prevent or discourage the adoption of this behavior. The objective was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with perceived barriers to leisure-time PA among undergraduate students at a university in the state of Minas Gerais. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 994 participants. The dependent variable was barriers to leisure-time PA. The independent variables considered sociodemographic, university affiliation, biological, behavioral, and perceptive characteristics. The association estimate was performed by calculating the Odds Ratio (OR). The level of statistical significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). The barrier related to personal aspects was the most frequent, with a prevalence of 48%. There was a lower chance of perceiving resource/opportunity barriers among men, and among those with adequate sleep, there was a lower chance of perceiving personal and situational barriers. Undergraduates with a positive perception of health and stress were less likely to perceive barriers. Considering personal factors in intervention strategies may be essential to minimize barriers to leisure-time PA among university students.

As barreiras para a prática de atividade física (AF) referem-se às dificuldades subjetivas que podem impedir ou desencorajar a adoção desse comportamento. O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados às barreiras percebidas para a prática de AF no lazer em universitários de uma universidade do estado de Minas Gerais. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com uma amostra composta por 994 participantes. A variável dependente foram as barreiras para AF no lazer. As variáveis independentes consideraram as características sociodemográficas, de vínculo com a universidade, biológica, comportamentais e perceptivas. A estimativa de associação foi realizada via cálculo do Odds Ratio (OR). O nível de significância estatística foi fixado em 5% (p<0,05). A barreira relacionada aos aspectos pessoais foi a mais frequente, com uma prevalência de 48%. Observou-se menores chances de perceber as barreiras dos recursos/oportunidades entre os homens e entre aqueles com sono apropriado, houve menores chances de percepção das barreiras pessoais e situacionais. Os universitários com percepção positiva de saúde e do estresse apresentaram menores chances de perceber barreiras. Considerar os fatores pessoais nas estratégias de intervenções pode ser fundamental para minimizar as barreiras à prática de AF no lazer entre estudantes universitários.

Introdution: During fighter flights, pilots face risks such as hypoxia and loss of consciousness. The review explores the relationship between stressful loads, autonomic responses and cognitive performance in these pilots. The study aims to fill gaps in understanding these critical elements to flight safety and effectiveness during air operations. Purpose: identify the relationship between stressful loads and the effects of fighter flying in experienced pilots, especially analyzing autonomic responses and cognitive performance. Methods: The systematic review carried out in this research was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023495636). The research questions were defined by the PICO model in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, as follows: 1. Population: Experienced Fighter Pilots; 2. Intervention: Hunting Flight, Acrobatic Flight, Flight Simulator; 3. Comparator: Comparison of Flights, Comparison of autonomic or cognitive responses; 4. Results: psychological stress, cognitive performance, autonomic responses. The bibliographical research was carried out in 4 databases: Pubmed, Embase, Medline and Sportdiscus, using the keywords pilot, physiological stress, hypergravity in English. Results: 358 articles were found, but only 5 articles were selected for final review. The joint analysis of these studies reveals that heart rate (HR) emerges as a crucial variable in pilots’ physiological responses to extreme situations, whether rapid decompression, combat missions or hypoxia. The atypicality of responses, evidenced in several studies, highlights the complexity of autonomic reactions in challenging contexts.

RESUMO O Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade (HIIT) promove adaptações semelhantes e em alguns casos, superiores ao treinamento aeróbico contínuo de intensidade moderada, mesmo quando executado em intensidades all out. Nesta condição, tende a maior perturbação fisiológica e acúmulo de metabólitos comparado a intensidades submáximas, sendo um dos principais fatores associados a resposta negativa de prazer no treinamento. Objetivo: Verificar qual relação entre respostas fisiológicas e psicofisiológicas na intenção de repetir o treinamento de dois protocolos HIIT de mesmo volume load e distintos períodos de trabalho, em adultos treinados de ambos os sexos. Métodos: Em experimento randomizado, a amostra foi composta por 9 indivíduos com idade entre 28±5 anos, massa corporal 69,6±14,2 kg, estatura 169±0,1cm, IMC 24,1±2,3 kg/m2 e percentual de gordura corporal 20,2±7,9% praticantes de exercícios físicos aeróbicos estruturados por pelo menos seis meses. Realizaram dois diferentes protocolos de HIIT em bicicleta ergométrica, sendo (I) protocolo 1:0,5, com intensidade prescrita (80-90% da FCmáx), (II) protocolo 1:2 com intensidade prescrita (all-out) com duração total de esforço de 20 minutos e intervalo de pelo menos 48 horas entre cada sessão. Foram analisados frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistêmica (PAS), percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), escala visual analógica (EVA), resposta afetiva (FS), divertimento (PACES) e intenção de repetir a sessão. A análise estatística usada foi ANOVA com post-hoc de Tukey (p0,05). Conclusão: Os dados permitem concluir que o protocolo 1:2 provocou maiores perturbações fisiológicas durante esforço e apresentou maior resposta afetiva positiva e intenção de repetir a sessão de exercício, variáveis que podem vir a contribuir na aderência à prática regular de exercícios físicos. Nível de Evidência I; Estudos terapêuticos – Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) promotes similar adaptations and in some cases, superior to continuous aerobic training of moderate intensity, even when performed at all-out intensities. In this condition, it tends to have the greatest physiological disturbance and accumulation of metabolites compared to submaximal intensities, being one of the main factors associated with the negative response of pleasure in training. Objective: To verify the relationship between physiological and psychophysiological responses in order to repeat the training of two HIIT protocols of mesm volume load and different periods of work in trained adults of both sexes. Methods: In a randomized experiment, the sample consisted of 9 individuals aged 28±5 years, body mass 69.6±14.2 kg, height 169±0.1cm, BMI 24.1±2.3 kg/m2 and body fat percentage 20.2±7.9% practitioners of structured aerobic physical exercises for at least six months. Two different HIIT protocols were performed on an exercise bike, being (I) protocol 1:0.5, with prescribed intensity (80-90% of MAX HR), (II) protocol 1:2 with prescribed intensity (all-out) with total duration of effort of 20 minutes and interval of at least 48 hours between each session. Heart rate (HR), systemic blood pressure (SBP), subjective perception of exertion (SPE), visual analog scale (VAS), affective response (AR), fun (PACES) and intention to repeat the session were analyzed. The statistical analysis used was ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc (p0.05). Conclusion: The data allow us to conclude that the 1:2 protocol caused greater physiological disturbances during exertion and presented greater positive affective response and intention to repeat the exercise session, variables that may contribute to adherence to regular physical exercise. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: O intervalo de recuperação (IR) entre séries e exercícios, tem recebido atenção dos pesquisadores de treinamento de força (TF), contribuindo no entendimento dessa variável em relação a manutenção do rendimento, em especial da carga durante o treinamento de musculação. Sabe-se que cada indivíduo responde de modo específico ao estimulo do treinamento, desta forma, qual o efeito das diferentes estratégias do intervalo recuperação no desempenho da força? Objetivo: Comparar diferentes intervalos de recuperação no treinamento de força no volume de treino, identificado pelo número de repetições na musculação em adultos saudáveis. Métodos: Realizamos, pelos critérios metodológicos, revisão sistemática e meta-análise, comparando o IR fixo e auto selecionado em função do volume de treino, identificado pelo número de repetições realizados em programa de musculação. Foram analisados os registros de três bases de dados eletrônicas (Pubmed, Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde BVS, Ebsco Sportdiscus), combinando as expressões “treinamento de resistência”, “exercício resistido”, “exercício de força”, “intervalo de recuperação”, “intervalo de descanso”, “intervalo auto sugerido”, “intervalo auto selecionado” com combinação “AND” e “OR”. Resultados: Os dados reunidos de cinco estudos mostraram um grande efeito significante a favor do grupo experimental (>2 minutos) (MD: 1.24; 95%-IC [0.78; 1.71]; z: 5.25, Q:1.08; p < 0.01), uma vez que nos estudos em questão, esse intervalo de recuperação possibilitou maior volume de treino. Conclusão: Intervalos mais longos parecem ser melhores no volume total do treinamento, embora não haja consenso para diferentes objetivos do treinamento frente ao IR auto selecionado. Dessa forma, imaginamos que essa estratégia possa ser importante na organização do programa de exercício de musculação. Nível de Evidencia I; Revisão Sistemática e Meta Análise.

Introduction: The recovery interval (RI) between sets and exercises has received attention from strength training (ST) researchers, to understand the relationship of rest on performance maintenance, especially the total load in a training session. It is known that each individual responds in a specific way to the training stimulus. So, what would be the effect of the different recovery interval strategies on the strength performance? Objective: Compare the different recovery intervals in strength training volume, considering the number of repetitions in healthy adults. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis based on methodological criteria, comparing fixed and self-selected RI on training volume, identified by the number of repetitions performed in a weight training program. Three electronic databases (Pubmed, VHL Virtual Health Library, Ebsco Sportdiscus) were analyzed, combining the expressions “resistance training”, “resistance exercise”, “strength exercise”, “recovery interval”, “rest interval”, “interval auto suggested”, “auto range selected” with “AND” and “OR” combination. Results: Pooled data from five studies showed a large significant effect in favor of the experimental group (>2 minutes) (MD: 1.24; 95%-CI [0.78; 1.71]; z: 5.25, Q:1.08; p < 0.01), since in the studies, recovery interval allowed a greater training volume. Conclusion: Longer RI seems be better, for maintaining total training volume, although there is no consensus for different training objectives against the self-selected RI. Thus, we imagine that this strategy may be important in the organizing a bodybuilding exercise program. Level of Evidence I; Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.

Self-selecting the intensity of aerobic training is a perspective that allows practitioners to develop autonomy (choice of pace), improve physical fitness and achieve weight loss. To compare the effect of four aerobic training protocols on cardiometabolic and psychophysiological responses in physically inactive adult men and women. The sample consisted of 11 individuals aged 56 ± 10 years and BMI 29.2 ± 2.4 kg/m2 performed four different treadmill aerobic training protocols, including: 1-individual with self-selected intensity (ISS), 2-individual with prescribed intensity (IPI) (64-76% of HR max), 3-small group with self-select. selected intensity (SGS) and 4-small group prescribed intensity (SGP) (64-76% of HR max). Heart rate, lactate, perceived exertion, affective response, activation scale, enjoyment, intention to repeat the session, treadmill speed and total distance from the protocol were analyzed. Statistical analysis used ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (p<0.05). Heart rate, lactate, perceived exertion, activation scale, enjoyment, average speed and total distance analyzes did not show significant differences between protocols. The response affective showed a smaller decline in the ISS protocol (p<0.05), and the intention to repeat the training session was greater in the ISS protocol (p<0.05). Conclusion: The data allow us to conclude that the ISS training protocol produced superior results in affective response and intention to repeat the session.