Mohammad Jafarzadeh

Hollow microspherical bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were formed in situ in the presence of bismuth (Bi3+) and indium (In3+) cations, which serve as the primary components of the MOF secondary building units. In contrast, the monometallic counterparts, Bi-MOF and In-MOF, exhibited distinct morphologies: polyhedral particles and microrods, respectively. Morphological and structural analyses revealed that the hollow microspheres are composed of bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl)-like nanosheets, with the InCl3 precursor supplying chloride ions necessary for BiOCl formation. Three-dimensional Bi/In-MOF was hybridized with two-dimensional Ti3C2 MXene in various proportions via a solvothermal process to produce Bi/In-MOF/Ti3C2 composites, which demonstrated high performance in the photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB). Incorporation of 10 wt % Ti3C2 and varying amounts of Bi/In-MOFs resulted in a narrowed band gap (∼2.6 eV) and suppressed charge-carrier recombination compared to the bimetallic MOF alone (∼3.18 eV), thereby enhancing visible-light photocatalytic efficiency. The Bi/In-MOF(20 wt % In)/Ti3C2(10 wt %) composite achieved a 95% RhB degradation efficiency under visible-light irradiation (100 W LED) within 80 min. Scavenger experiments identified superoxide radicals (O2•–) and holes (h+) as the dominant reactive species responsible for RhB degradation. The photocatalyst also demonstrated excellent structural stability, retaining 87% degradation efficiency after four reuse cycles.

Bimetallic CuCo nanoparticles were grown on iron-based NH ₂ -MIL-101 metal–organic frameworks, and their photoactivity was evaluated for photocatalytic organic synthesis.

This study investigates the synergistic photocatalytic activity of mixed bismuth oxyhalides (BiOI and BiOCl) and the critical role of iron doping in enhancing the Cr(VI) reduction. By employing FeCl₃ as both a chloride source and iron dopant precursor, we achieved in situ Fe³⁺ incorporation into bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX; X = Cl/I) during a one-pot coprecipitation synthesis at room temperature. The resulting iron-doped BiOX formed flower-like particles integrated with NH₂-UiO-66, a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF), creating a Z-scheme heterojunction composite. The NH₂-UiO-66/Fe-BiOX composite exhibited exceptional visible-light-driven Cr(VI) reduction, achieving 98% efficiency within 30 min (pH 2, 100 W LED). This performance surpasses that of the NH₂-UiO-66/BiOI reference system (82% efficiency), highlighting the dual role of iron doping and mixed oxyhalide phases in promoting charge separation and suppressing recombination. Mechanistic studies revealed that photogenerated electrons and superoxide radicals (^•O₂^-) act as primary reductants, with the Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ redox cycle enhancing ^•O₂^- generation via efficient electron transfer.

A ternary metal sulfide was designed as a photocatalyst for removal of pollutants. CoS_X@Ag₂S/CdS nanostructures were prepared using ZIF-67 derived for CoS_X via a one-pot solvothermal method. It is noteworthy that the partial formation of the hollow structure occurred concurrently with the generation of bimetallic sulfide particles on the surface of CoS_X particles. The synthetic conditions were optimized by controlling the temperature, time, and ZIF-67 amount. The resulting structure showed high photoactivity and was used for remediation of a water pollutant. The photocatalyst successfully degraded rhodamine B (RhB) with a 96% degradation rate within 90 min. Additionally, Cr(VI) could be efficiently reduced with 100% efficiency within 50 min at pH 5 under exposure to visible light (light-emitting diode, 100 W). The photocatalyst also demonstrated excellent activity in the remediation of a mixture of RhB and Cr(VI). Such photoactivity was attributed to the unique architecture of CoS_X@Ag₂S/CdS in generating the n-n-n type I hybrid Z-scheme, compared to single and double components. It also results in a synergistic effect between metal sulfides and the hollow structure, which enhances the light absorption, surface area, and active sites. It is proposed that the photocatalytic mechanism relies on a combination of a Z-scheme and a type I mechanism.

Background and Aims: Common diseases between humans and animals are one of the health problems of countries, which requires targeted intervention. The intervention mapping model provides guidance for choosing the most appropriate methods and applications. Since one of the most important challenges in the endemic areas of Iran is the control of brucellosis. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the intervention mapping model and its steps to design interventions to prevent this disease. Methods: In this research, the practical steps of the Brucellosis prevention intervention were carried out with the intervention mapping approach in six steps from July 2023 to December 2023. In the first step, needs assessment was done through literature review, semi‐structured in‐depth interview and checklist. In the second step, the matrix of change objectives was designed. After selecting intervention methods based on theory and practical applications, and producing program components and materials, the intervention was implemented and evaluated. Results: Intervention mapping helped us in designing and implementing the brucellosis control educational program with the participation of participants, specifying the definition of results, performance goals and determinants, theoretical methods, practical applications, intervention design, implementation and step‐by‐step evaluation. Conclusion: The intervention mapping approach ensures the transparency of all intervention components and it provides a useful approach for developing behavior change interventions.

Bimetallic CuNi nanoparticles were successfully grown on the surface of a Ti-based metal–organic framework, NH ₂ -MIL-125, via impregnation and chemical reduction processes.

Background and Aims: Reluctance to childbearing and then the reduction of the total fertility rate are common experiences of developed countries and many developing countries, including Iran, therefore, the purpose of this study was explaining barriers to childbearing using the risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategy.Methods: The study was conducted by action research and according to RCCE during 9 months in Ardabil city. The statistical population consisted of 41 married women aged 15–54 who were eligible for childbearing, these women were purposefully selected from among the people covered by Ardabil health centers and interviewed. Data were collected using open and in‐depth interviews by the researcher and analyzed by content analysis.Results: The results of data analysis led to the extraction of three main categories, personal, familial, and social barriers. The “personal barriers” category was classified into three subcategories, namely mental, belief, and awareness barriers, the “familial barriers” category was classified into two subcategories, namely social and financial barriers, and the “social barriers” category was classified into two subcategories, political and managerial barriers.Conclusions: According to the results, a set of personal, familial, and social factors could affect childbearing among married women. Identification of these factors can play an effective role in designing educational and managerial programs.