Jie Tao

Meta-learning has demonstrated significant advantages in small-sample tasks and has attracted considerable attention in wind turbine fault diagnosis. However, due to extreme operating conditions and equipment aging, the monitoring data of wind turbines often contain false alarms or missed detections. This results in inaccurate fault sample labeling. In meta-learning, these erroneous labels not only fail to help models quickly adapt to new meta-test tasks, but they also interfere with learning for new tasks, which leads to “negative transfer” phenomena. To address this, this paper proposes a novel method called Online Soft-Labeled Meta-learning with Gaussian Prototype Networks (SL-GPN). During training, the method dynamically aggregates feature similarities across multiple tasks or samples to form online soft labels. They guide model training process and effectively solve small-sample bearing fault diagnosis challenges. Experimental tests on small-sample data under various operating conditions and error labels were carried out. The results show that the proposed method improves diagnostic accuracy in small-sample environments, reduces false alarm rates, and demonstrates excellent generalization performance.

A large number of sensors are typically installed in industrial plants to collect real-time operational data. These sensors monitor data with time series correlation and spatial correlation over time. In previous studies, GNN has built many successful models to deal with time series data, but most of these models have fixed perspectives and struggle to capture the dynamic correlations in time and space simultaneously. Therefore, this paper constructs a multi-scale dynamic graph neural network (MSDG) for anomaly detection in industrial sensor data. First, a multi-scale sliding window mechanism is proposed to input different scale sensor data into the corresponding network. Then, a dynamic graph neural network is constructed to capture the spatial–temporal dependencies of multivariate sensor data. Finally, the model comprehensively considers the extracted features for sequence reconstruction and utilizes the reconstruction errors for anomaly detection. Experiments have been conducted on three real public datasets, and the results show that the proposed method outperforms the mainstream methods.

Federated learning can complete multi-party collaborative training without exchanging local data, effectively solving the problem of data privacy protection in the wind power field. However, when facing non independent and identically distributed industrial data, the local model updates may cause global model drift. In response to the above issues, this article applies deep belief network to build federated learning mechanism and proposes a dynamic federated weighted learning method under non independent wind power big data. This method utilizes the federated distance algorithm to eliminate the influence of local models with excessive offset. Then use dynamic weighting algorithm to optimize the weight of local models with high contribution. This method not only solves the global offset problem caused by local updates, but also considers the impact of local important models on the global model. The experiments are conducted on three wind farms, namely Nanshan, Zhurihe, and Chuanshan, with the same type of 1.5 MW wind turbines. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can achieve higher accuracy and good generalization ability in the global model.

Aiming at the difficulty of rolling bearing fault diagnosis in a strong noise environment, this paper proposes an enhanced integrated filter network. In the method, we firstly design an enhanced integrated filter, which includes the filter enhancement module and the expression enhancement module. The filter enhancement module can not only filter the high-frequency noise to extract useful features of medium and low-frequency signals but also maintain frequency and time resolution to some extent. On this basis, the expression enhancement module analyzes fault features intercepted by the upper network at multiple scales to get deep features. Then we introduce vector neurons to integrate scalar features into vector space, which mine the correlation between features. The feature vectors are transmitted by dynamic routing to establish the relationship between low-level capsules and high-level capsules. In order to verify the diagnostic performance of the model, CWRU and IMS bearing datasets are used for experimental verification. In the strong noise environment of SNR = −4 dB, the fault diagnosis precisions of the method on CWRU and IMS reach 94.85% and 92.45%, respectively. Compared with typical bearing fault diagnosis methods, the method has higher fault diagnosis precision and better generalization ability in a strong noise environment.

Bearing is an important mechanical component that easily fails in a bad working environment. Support vector machines can be used to diagnose bearing faults; however, the recognition ability of the model is greatly affected by the kernel function and its parameters. Unfortunately, optimal parameters are difficult to select. To address these limitations, an escape mechanism and adaptive convergence conditions were introduced to the ALO algorithm. As a result, the EALO method was proposed and has been applied to the more accurate selection of SVM model parameters. To assess the model, the vibration acceleration signals of normal, inner ring fault, outer ring fault, and ball fault bearings were collected at different rotation speeds (1500 r/min, 1800 r/min, 2100 r/min, and 2400 r/min). The vibration signals were decomposed using the variational mode decomposition (VMD) method. The features were extracted through the kernel function to fuse the energy value of each VMD component. In these experiments, the two most important parameters for the support vector machine—the Gaussian kernel parameter σ and the penalty factor C—were optimized using the EALO algorithm, ALO algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The performance of these four methods to optimize the two parameters was then compared and analyzed, with the EALO method having the best performance. The recognition rates for bearing faults under different tested rotation speeds were improved when the SVM model parameters optimized by the EALO were used.

In the rolling bearing fault diagnosis, the vibration signal of single sensor is usually nonstationary and noisy, which contains very little useful information, and impacts the accuracy of fault diagnosis. In order to solve the problem, this paper presents a novel fault diagnosis method using multivibration signals and deep belief network (DBN). By utilizing the DBN’s learning ability, the proposed method can adaptively fuse multifeature data and identify various bearing faults. Firstly, multiple vibration signals are acquainted from various fault bearings. Secondly, some time-domain characteristics are extracted from original signals of each individual sensor. Finally, the features data of all sensors are put into the DBN and generate an appropriate classifier to complete fault diagnosis. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of multivibration signals, experiments are carried out on the individual sensor with the same conditions and procedure. At the same time, the method is compared with SVM, KNN, and BPNN methods. The results show that the DBN-based method is able to not only adaptively fuse multisensor data, but also obtain higher identification accuracy than other methods.