Gabriela Antošová

In terms of international trade, normative economics outrightly inspired the implementation of the economic policy. The classical and neoclassical interpretations of trade advocate for the full development of an export profile consistent with comparative advantage and endowments. In contrast, the new trade theory properly matches the implementation of a strategic trade policy. This article aims to hurl the theoretical discussion about the comparative advantages and the endowments-based export pattern into the regional export performance of Colombian departments. In doing so, some theoretical bedrocks are highlighted, and a panel data technique is run for modeling the essence of regional exports. The conclusion reinforces the arguments of several authors asserting a raw material predominance in Colombian exports and the strong reliance on endowments of the Colombian department exports. Some ideas suggest the plausibility of a currently missing strategy of an explicit productive development policy or, in other words, the implementation of a Colombian-tailored strategic trade policy.

This study explores the spatial distribution of manufacturing in Colombia through the lenses of Marshallian and New Economic Geography theories on industrial localisation. Employing spatial econometric methods with geo-referenced data reveals that industrial presence at the municipal level is positively impacted by the service sector connections and population density. Additionally, a panel data analysis suggests that traditional manufacturing hubs benefit from unobservable fixed effects, enhancing the persistence of initial locational advantages. These findings underscore the ongoing spatial concentration of manufacturing, influenced by both historical industrial activities and contemporary urban factors.

This article uses data from the Census of Agriculture 2014 pertaining to the Department of Boyacá. It connects the production performance at the municipal level to a set of rural determinants, which encompass the exploitation of the agricultural potential. This approach highlights features of the agricultural sector in Boyacá: the predominance of annual crops, the break-up of agricultural units, family arrangements to supply labor input, and the lack of a widespread export stuff, inter alia. The methodology employs a spatial approach that seeks to identify spatial patterns in the agricultural output, using the municipality as the spatial unit. We resort to spatial econometrics to model the determinants of the agricultural output, and to point out a better spatial structure according to the pool of data. The econometric results confirm a kind of spatial dependence in the error, suggesting the influence of common shocks affecting the agricultural output, everywhere the municipalities of Boyacá. Throughout the region, the traditional production profile, based on annual crops to satisfy the national consumption, prevails. This type of production depends on typical rural conditions: small plots of land, little mechanized production, family work and precarious wages.

The aim of this chapter is to introduce current German clientele with regards to inbound tourism to the Czech Republic, and to uncover concrete forms of support of inbound tourism from Germany to the Czech Republic. Content analysis was provided for the quantitative and qualitative secondary data about the inbound German tourism to the Czech Republic for the years 2012-2019. Furthermore, the analysis compares the turnout of separate quarters of the period from 2015 to 2020 with an emphasis on seasonal trends and changes in inbound tourism due to the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions. Good results of this source market in the Czech Republic's inbound tourism are usually taken for granted due to its size and geographical proximity; however, the implications of the pandemic are reflected not only on tourist arrivals from Germany but also on their support, which is implemented in relation to the German market by selected entities at all levels of tourism management in the Czech Republic, and also some private entities.

The catastrophic eruption in the world scenario of the breaking pandemic forced the application of all existent scientific knowledge, but also triggered the development of new technical tools and procedures. This chapter is focused on setting forth the practical technological efforts based on the spatial georeferencing by coordinate systems and on the treatment of satellite images as means for tracking the positive cases, for recognizing the spatial infection´s behavior, and for identifying the real physical changes in the spatial landscape. The cases set forth here pertain to three techniques, namely the development of visual dashboards, the tracking resources developed, and the deployment of imagery captured by satellite perception.

This chapter deals with some technical aspects of the spatial strategy for overcoming the huge challenges posed by the pandemic. The focus of this chapter is to highlight the use of GIS tools and positioning technologies in diverse contexts to manage the threat of COVID-19. For this task, three stages of analysis are proposed. In a first preventive stage, some governments applied socioeconomic criteria drawn from existent statistical information to spatially identify the areas with a clear predisposition toward the accelerated spread of the contagion. In a second stage, when the pandemic fully reached a rapid pace of expansion and lockdown measures became necessary, the technologies helped to monitor the most affected areas and to establish a dashboard deployment for visualizing the severity of the catastrophe. In the third stage, after the establishment of control and mobility protocols, different governments resorted to mobile phone positioning as a resource for monitoring quarantine compliance and recognizing if social group behavior entailed any evident risk or spread.

The article aims to provide a micro- and macro-level of a problem definition focused on Coronavirus crisis impacts on the tourism industry in the V4 countries and the eventual Kosovo integration into the V4 as a part of the Western Balkan 6 (WB6) and Eastern Partnership (EaP) enlargement V4⁺. The analysis of the primary data and the search for results are based on the Delphi method providing a better explanation of economic, social and market integration processes which fully exploit the opportunities of the content analysis provided by the quantitative and qualitative secondary data. The article offers key guiding criteria for deepening the economic integration into the V4 Group, emphasizing key aspects such as the economic and regional convergence, and the incorporation of diverse social strata into the economic growth process. The article highlights the benefits derived from the full membership of the actual V4 Group in the European Community as well as identifies its powerful strength and stable frame for promoting growth and prosperity. The critical view of the political and economic integration process emphasizes the risks derived from the deepness of divergence across countries and regions.

Tourism destinations need to develop a coordinated approach to the development of new tourism options. One possibility is to strengthen domestic tourism in the own country and to support local hotels and restaurants. However, rebuilding the destination requires a coordinated approach; for instance, collaborations with cross-border regions. Collaborative destination management is an approach to work with partner countries to jointly address the challenges of pandemics by establishing different types of tourism. Recommendations for action are identified from the PESTLE and SWOT analysis to ensure successful collaborative destination management of V4 countries and Germany during the Covid-19 pandemic. These analyses were performed because of brainstorming and the Delphi method with 4 experts from several fields of this study. Therefore, a strategy based on the TOWS Matrix reflects what a new collaborative destination management approach could look like during the current crisis for the Euroregions.