Feray Altan

Diabetes, defined by high blood sugar levels and glycosuria, is characterized by changes in insulin sensitivity, damage to the pancreas, and alterations in lipid and protein metabolism in advanced stages. In this study, 33 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, diabetes, and control+citric acid buffer. Blood samples for glucose control were taken from the rat's tail in all groups on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 16, 23, and 30, and from the heart under anesthesia after 4 weeks. Hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed from blood and serum samples at the specified time intervals and at the end of the experiment, respectively.While chloride and CK levels decreased in the diabetes group compared to the control group (p

Short-chain fatty acids are organic acids manufactured by the gut microbiota. The type and amount of microflora in the colon, the source of substrate and the transition period through the intestine affect the rate and amount of Short-chain fatty acids production. Ferrostatin-1, a synthetic compound and a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis, is an antioxidant capable of inhibiting ferroptosis. Paclitaxel is a type of chemotherapy called taxane and causes peripheral neuropathy as a side effect of cancer treatment. In this study, we researched the effect of paclitaxel and ferrostatin-1 administration on fecal Short- chain fatty acids. For this purpose, rats were divided into four groups as control (n = 6), paclitaxel (n = 8), ferrostatin (n = 9) and paclitaxel + ferrostatin (n = 9). Paclitaxel (10 mg/kg) and ferrostatin-1 (5 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally once a week for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the amounts of Short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate) and branched-chain fatty acids (iso-butyrate and iso-valerate) in the feces were determined by gas chromatography. According to the results obtained, acetate level increased significantly (P < 0.05) in Ferrostatin-1 treated group compared to control group and total Short-chain fatty acids level increased significantly (P < 0.05) in Ferrostatin-1group compared to Ferrostatin-1 + Paclitaxel group. Although statistically insignificant, it was observed that ferrostatin-1 increased all the Short-chain fatty acids except butyrate, while paclitaxel decreased all the Short-chain fatty acids. The findings of this study suggest that ferrostatin-1 and paclitaxel may affect the functions of microorganisms in the large intestine and thus the amount of microbial Short-chain fatty acids. In addition, it is clear that therapeutic targeting of these specific bacteria, and thus the produced Short-chain fatty acids, will be important for successful treatment regimens and improved quality of life, especially in cancer patients, and may improve treatment outcomes.

The study aims to investigate the efficacies of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and indomethacin on the oxidative status in the aqueous humor of rabbits’ eyes with experimentally induced hydrofluoric acid ocular burns. For this purpose, thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured. Seventy– two male New Zealand rabbits were allocated into four groups, each containing 18 rabbits (Group D, I, DI, and C). After general anesthesia, 2% hydrofluoric (HF) acid was dropped into the right eye for 60 s, creating a chemical burn. Solution of 40% DMSO (4 drops of QID) and 0.1% indomethacin (4 drops of QID) were used alone and in combination. At the end of the follow–up periods (2, 7, and 14 treatment days), animals were euthanized, and the humor aqueous was collected from the burned eyes by anterior chamber paracentesis. The TBARS and TAS levels were assessed using enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in aqueous humor. On days 7 and 14, the TBARS levels in the aqueous humor of group D differed significantly from those in the other groups (P<0.05). Additionally, TAS values were considerably higher in groups D and C compared to groups I and DI (P<0.05). This study is thought to be a model for further studies in ocular diseases such as chemical eye burns, which may result in impaired ocular healing due to oxidative stress. DMSO could decrease oxidative stress and improve tissue healing of chemical eye burns.

Ayak hastalıkları dünya çapında birçok evcil hayvanı ilgilendiren önemli ve ekonomik olarak en zorlayıcı bir sağlık sorunudur. Erken teşhis ve etkili tedavi hastalığın tedavisinde büyük öneme sahiptir. Enfeksiyöz veya enfeksiyöz olmayan etkenlere bağlı oluşan ayak hastalıkları ciddi patolojik sorunlara yol açarak hayvan refahını etkilemektedir. Ayak hastalıkları etiyolojik etkenlere bağlı olarak medikal yöntemlerde dahil olmak üzere birçok tedavi yöntemi ile tedavi edilmeye çalışılır. Antibiyotikler, nonsteroidal anti-inflamatuar ilaçlar veya ayak solüsyonları içeren ilaçlar etkili bir tedavi seçeneği olarak tercih edilmektedir. Ancak ilaçlar ile zamanında ve doğru şekilde tedavi gerçekleştirilememesi nedeniyle ciddi ekonomik kayıplara yol açmaktadır. Bu bölümde, bazı hayvan türlerinde yaygın olarak görülen ayak hastalıklarının tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçlar hakkında bilgi sunulacaktır.

Sığırlarda Ayağın Topografik ve Radyolojik Anatomisi Özgür AKSOY Ersin TANRIVERDİ Sığırlarda Ayak Hastalıklarında Muayene ve Tanı Yöntemleri Uğur AYDIN İsa ÖZAYDIN Sığırlarda Topallık, Etiyoloji ve Lokomosyon Skorlamaları Semih ALTAN Sığırlarda Topallık ve Beslenme İlişkisi Mehmet Ali BAL Metehan SANCAR Sığırlarda Duruş Bozuklukları ve Tırnak Deformasyonları Mustafa KÖM Sığırlarda Laminitis Kurtuluş PARLAK Hilmican ERGİN Sığırlarda Beyaz Çizgi Hastalığı Zülfükar Kadir SARITAŞ Sığırlarda Taban Ülserleri Ali Said DURMUŞ Eren POLAT Sığırlarda Ayak Derisi Hastalıkları Hanifi EROL Sığırlarda Tırnak Kesimi Muharrem EROL Eyüp Tolga AKYOL Sığırlarda Ayağın Derin Dokularının Hastalıkları Yağmur KUŞCU Caner KAYIKCI Sığırlarda Ayak ve Tırnak Hastalıklarında Kullanılan Anestezi Yöntemleri Mustafa ARICAN Sığırlarda Tırnak Problemleri ve Operasyonları Mustafa ARICAN Sığır Ayak Hastalıklarında Profilaksi Sadık YAYLA Koyun ve Keçilerde Ayak Hastalıkları Fahrettin ALKAN Elgin Orçum UZUNLU Atlarda Ayağın Topografik ve Radyolojik Anatomisi Ali KUMANDAŞ Atlarda Ayak Hastalıklarında Muayene ve Tanı Yöntemleri Emine ÇATALKAYA Berna ERSÖZ KANAY Atlarda Ayaklara Bağlı Topallığın Etiyolojisi Caner KAYIKCI Yağmur KUŞCU Atlarda Ekstremite Deformiteleri ve Ayakla İlişkisi Ali KUMANDAŞ Atlarda Laminitisler Celal Şahin ERMUTLU Alican YILMAZ Atlarda Beyaz Çizgi Hastalığı Hanifi EROL Nevzat Emre ASLAN Atlarda Naviküler Sendrom (Podotrochlitis) Latif Emrah YANMAZ Atlarda Taban, Ökçe ve Çatal Hastalıkları Sema ÇAKIR BAYRAK Atlarda Ayak Eklemi ve Kemik Hastalıkları Nuriza ZAMİRBEKOVA ERDOĞAN Sena YAZICI Atlarda Ayak Bölgesi Tendo, Tenosinovya ve Ligament Hastalıkları İsa ÖZAYDIN Uğur AYDIN Atlarda Yürüyüş Şekilleri ve Kusurları Semih ALTAN Nahit SAYLAK Atlarda Nal Uygulamaları ve İlişkili Hastalıklar (Mıh Batması-Değmesi-Sıkması) Sadık YAYLA Kedi ve Köpeklerde Ayak Hastalıkları Cenk YARDIMCI Büşra ÇİL Hayvanlarda Ayak Hastalıklarının Tedavisinde Kullanılan İlaçlar Feray ALTAN Muhamed Baver ALPAR

Keçi sütünün, laktoz intoleransı olan insanlarda inek sütüne alternatif olmasından dolayı son yıllarda dünya genelinde tüketiminde artışı görülmektedir. Keçi mastitisi, süt kalitesini olumsuz etkilemekte ve süt veriminde azalmalara yol açmaktadır. Bu nedenle mastitis patojenlerinin belirlenmesi enfeksiyonun önlenmesi açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Diyarbakır ve ilçelerinde bulunan keçilerde, subklinik mastitis etkenlerinin izolasyonu ve identifikasyonu ile bunlara etkili antibiyotiklerin minimal inhibitör konsantrasyonu (MİK) yöntemi ile belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla toplam 358 adet keçi süt örneğine California Mastitis Testi (CMT) ile mastitis yönünden bakıldı. CMT (+2,+3) pozitif olan toplam 106 süt örneğinin mikrobiyoloji incelemesinde 79’undan (%74.5) bakteri izole edilirken, 27’sinden (%25.5) herhangi bir üreme gözlenmedi. Üreme olan süt örneklerinin 30’undan (%37.97) Staphylococcus aureus ve 26’sından (%32.91) Koagülaz-negatif Staphylococcus (KNS), 3’ünden (%3.80) Streptococcus agalactiae, 1’inden (%1.27) Enterococcus spp., 18’inden (%22.78) Escherichia coli ve 1’inden de (%1.27) Acitenobacter spp. izole ve identifiye edildi. KNS pozitif olan bakterilerin orantısal olarak dağılımı %20.25 Staphylococcus xylosus, %5.06 Staphylococcus warneri, %2.53 Staphylococcus lugdunensis, %1.27 Staphylococcus capitis, %2.53 Staphylococcus chromogenes ve %1.27 Staphylococcus hominis olarak identifiye edildi. Çalışmada izole ve identifiye edilen bu bakterilere karşı yapılan MİK sonuçlarına göre siprofloksasin, tigesiklin, benzilpenisilin, oksasilin ve seftazidimin mastitis tedavisinde etkili olabileceği belirlendi.

This research aims to determine the effect of oral single-dose administration of 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg of enrofloxacin on ducks on biochemical parameters. The research was carried out on eighteen ducks. Ducks were divided into 3 equal groups to receive 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg doses. Blood samples were taken at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. No clinical side effects were observed in ducks after enrofloxacin administration. When dose groups were compared, significant differences were observed in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), albumin (ALB), cholesterol (CHOL), total protein (TP) and creatinine (CRE) values (p0.05). However, there were significant differences in AST, ALP, ALB, and CRE values at 10 mg/kg, AST at 50 mg/kg, and TP at 100 mg/kg (p<0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that oral administration of enrofloxacin to ducks at doses of 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg caused temporary changes in biochemical parameters. In this study, enrofloxacin was administered as a single dose. However, considering the repeated use of enrofloxacin in case of bacterial infection, attention should be paid to possible adverse effects that may occur in ducks.

Objective: Doxycycline (DO) has been used in fish for a long time, but there are some factors that have not yet been clarified regarding its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the PK and PK/PD targets of DO after 20 mg/kg intravascular (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral (OR) gavage administration in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).Methods: Plasma samples were collected at specific time points and subsequently analysed by HPLC‐ultraviolet. The PK/PD indices were calculated based on the MIC₉₀ (Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria) values obtained for the respective bacteria and the PK parameters obtained for DO following both IM and OR administration.Results: After IV administration, the elimination half‐life (t_1/2ʎz), area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC), apparent volume of distribution at steady‐state and total body clearance of DO were 34.81 h, 723.82 h µg/mL, 1.24 L/kg and 0.03 L/kg/h, respectively. The t_1/2λz of the DO was found to be 37.39 and 39.78 h after IM, and OR administration, respectively. The bioavailability was calculated 57.02% and 32.29%, respectively, after IM and OR administration. The MIC₉₀ of DO against A. hydrophila and A. sobria was 4 µg/mL. The PK/PD integration showed that DO (20 mg/kg dose) for A. hydrophila and A. sobria with MIC₉₀ ≤4 µg/mL achieved target AUC/MIC value after IM administration.Conclusions: These results suggest that when rainbow trout was treated with 20 mg/kg IV and IM administered DO, therapeutically effective concentrations were reached in the control of infections caused by A. hydrophila and A. sobria.

Caffeine (CF) is a metabolic probe drug used in the determination of the hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal changes in the hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity using plasma metabolite/CF ratios in non-pregnant goats (n = 11) and pregnant goats (n = 23). CF (5 mg/kg, intravenous) was administered in six periods (Period 1-6) with 45 days between two periods. The plasma levels of CF and its metabolites, theophylline (TP), theobromine (TB) and paraxanthine (PX), were determined by HPLC-UV. To evaluate hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity in terms of enzymes that play a role in CF metabolism, the plasma metabolic ratios including TB/CF, PX/CF, TP/CF and TB + PX + TP/CF were determined at 10 h following CF administration. Plasma metabolite/CF ratios were similar between non-pregnant and pregnant goats. However, plasma metabolite/CF ratios in Period 3 (45 days in pregnant goats) were significantly higher than those other periods in both pregnant and non-pregnant goats. The effect of pregnancy may not be observed on drugs that are substrates of enzymes involved in CF metabolism in goats.

The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics, tissue residues, and withdrawal times of doxycycline after oral administration in rainbow trout reared at 10 and 17 °C. Fish received a 20 mg/kg oral dose of doxycycline after a single or 5-day administration. Six rainbow trout were used at each sampling time point for plasma and tissue samples, including liver, kidney, and muscle and skin. The doxycycline concentration in the samples was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector. The pharmacokinetic data were evaluated by non-compartmental kinetic analysis. The WT 1.4 software program was used to estimate the withdrawal times. The increase of temperature from 10 to 17 °C shortened the elimination half-life from 41.72 to 28.87 h, increased the area under the concentration–time curve from 173.23 to 240.96 h * μg/mL, and increased the peak plasma concentration from 3.48 to 5.50 μg/mL. At 10 and 17 °C, the doxycycline concentration was obtained in liver > kidney > plasma > muscle and skin. According to the MRL values stated for muscle and skin in Europe and China (100 μg/kg) and in Japan (50 μg/kg), the withdrawal times of doxycycline at 10 and 17 °C were 35 and 31 days, respectively, for Europe and China and 43 and 35 days, respectively, for Japan. Since temperature significantly affected pharmacokinetic behavior and withdrawal times of doxycycline in rainbow trout, temperature-dependent dosing regimens and withdrawal times of doxycycline might be necessary.