Sara Real Castelao

Educational inclusion remains a global challenge, with teachers’ attitudes toward disability being crucial for the implementation of inclusive classroom practices. This study compares the attitudes toward disability of 252 teachers from Spain and Ecuador, two countries whose educational systems promote inclusion but differ in the maturity of their legislative and institutional frameworks. The aim was to examine cross-national differences in attitudes and analyze how personal and professional variables relate to these attitudes. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected through an online administration of the Attitudes Toward Persons with Disabilities Scale, Form G via non-probabilistic. The instrument assesses five attitudinal dimensions: capacity assessment, rights recognition, personal involvement, generic rating, and role assumption. Results showed that Spanish teachers reported significantly more positive attitudes than Ecuadorian teachers in all dimensions except role assumption. Among sociodemographic and professional variables, only Early Childhood Education training and prior experience working with individuals with disabilities consistently correlated with more favorable attitudes, while age and teaching experience demonstrated weak and inconsistent associations across countries. These findings underscore the influence of cultural, educational, and institutional contexts on teachers’ attitudes toward disability and highlight the need to reinforce both initial and ongoing preparation in inclusive education. Strengthening structured practicum experiences, socio-emotional competencies, and inclusion-focused coursework may contribute to more positive attitudes, while adapting training policies and inclusive practices to each country’s cultural characteristics is essential for effective and sustainable implementation.

Writing is an essential skill for students’ academic, personal, and social development, and learning to write is mediated by the experiences in the family setting. The present study was conducted during the 2024–2025 academic year. This study analyses the home writing practices of primary school students, their perceptions of family support, and their attitudes toward writing, along with the relationships between these variables throughout students’ primary education. A total of 917 children in their 1st–6th years of primary education participated (468 boys and 449 girls). They attended eight different Spanish primary schools. Data were collected using a set of questions created for the study that focused on children’s day-to-day writing practices at home and the “Writing Attitude Scale.” The results show that the most common home writing practices were associated with functional and academic tasks, while expressive practices were less common. This pattern was the same throughout primary schooling, although there were some significant variations by school year. There was a significant progression in the use of digital devices for writing as students advanced in primary school, as well as a fall in family support for writing tasks, particularly in the later years. Nonetheless, students’ affective responses toward writing were stable and mostly positive. Positive correlations were found between the frequency of home writing practices, family support (particularly from mothers), and students’ favorable attitudes toward writing. These findings underscore the importance of the family environment as a key mediating agent in the development of writing skills, and the need to promote active, motivating family involvement throughout primary education.

This systematic review examines mental health in university students with disabilities, focusing on increasing prevalence and associated challenges. Following the PRISMA protocol for study selection and analysis, it aims to analyze problem prevalence and risk factors, explore support strategies and available resources, and identify gaps and areas for improvement in care and access to mental health services for disabled university students. This review includes 16 articles that met the established criteria. The findings reveal higher mental health issue prevalence in these students compared to non-disabled peers, highlighting the need for specific, tailored interventions. Improvement areas in general inclusion measures to prevent high-risk situations and intervention responses to discomfort and existing mental health problems are discussed. The importance of a holistic approach to ensure their overall well-being and academic success in an inclusive educational environment is emphasized.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las actitudes del profesorado de secundaria hacia la inclusión de estudiantes que presentan una discapacidad, ya que estas determinan las actuaciones de inclusión o discriminación en el aula y la referencia de su comportamiento al resto de estudiantes. Se aplica un cuestionario a 99 docentes de secundaria (74,7% mujeres) de centros principalmente urbanos (78,8%). Este cuestionario cuenta con 22 ítems distribuidos en 5 dimensiones: responsabilidad, rendimiento, formación y recursos, clima del aula y desarrollo social. A nivel global, los resultados indican que las actitudes son positivas y las puntuaciones homogéneas en todas las dimensiones. En el análisis específico, se evalúan diferencias en función del tipo de institución educativa (titularidad y ámbito) y de variables profesionales y sociodemográficas (años de experiencia, edad y sexo). se encuentran diferencias estadísticamente significativas con relación al tipo de centro con actitudes más positivas en los docentes que trabajan en centros concertados y en función de los años de experiencia. Ante los datos hallados se plantea la necesidad creación de grupos de trabajo entre docentes de distintos perfiles y programas formación y práctica específica en materia de atención a la diversidad tanto en los programas de acceso para la enseñanza en secundaria como en el reciclaje formativo a docentes que ya están ejerciendo, con especial énfasis en centros públicos, con el fin de mejorar las actitudes en todas las dimensiones analizadas de los profesores al ser un elemento clave en el éxito de las prácticas inclusivas.

In the last two years, the obligatory use of technologies due to the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the technostress suffered by education professionals. This study investigates the relationships between technostress and perceived organizational support and the influence of certain socio-demographic variables. An online survey was administered to 771 teachers working in different educational stages in various autonomous communities in Spain. Perceived organizational support was found to be significantly correlated with technostress. Women tend to experience more technostress in general and significant gender differences were also found in the dimension of anxiety. The analyzed data also suggest that perceived organizational support is higher in private schools. In urban centers, teachers’ technostress increases in higher educational stages, such as secondary education and baccalaureate. Further work is needed to develop school policies that address the needs of teachers and provide support for those at risk of technostress. In addition, there is a need to design coping strategies and prioritize the most at-risk sectors to improve their overall health and well-being.

El aprendizaje cooperativo es una metodología docente con gran aceptación actualmente. Esta revisión sistemática tiene como principal objetivo aportar datos sobre la evidencia científica publicada relativa a cómo el aprendizaje cooperativo facilita la inclusión de estudiantes que presentan necesidades educativas. Se plantea una búsqueda sistemática siguiendo el método PRISMA. Se exponen el volumen y tipo de publicaciones, las áreas temáticas de estudio, la metodología y el tipo de muestra utilizada. Se concluye que ante la escasez de publicaciones que abordan la inclusión de estudiantes con necesidades educativas y que incluyan en las muestras a estos colectivos, es necesario desarrollar líneas de investigación que demuestren que esta metodología favorece la inclusión en atención a la diversidad en el aula, como evidencia de aplicación y no solo como premisa de partida teórica.

The confinement experienced due to the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a rethink of the teaching–learning process to which teachers have responded without planning and instead used their resources. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between work–family interactions, technostress, and perceived organizational support in teachers during the confinement period in Spain that began in March 2020. An online survey was administered to 640 pre-school, primary, and secondary school teachers. Positive reciprocal work–family interactions and their relationship with organizational support were found, with differences according to gender, with women showing a more negative perception of the impact on the family. There were no marked levels of technostress in the overall sample, although higher levels of perceived ineffectiveness and skepticism were found in teachers aged 46 years or older. Teachers in private and subsidized schools showed a higher level of perceived support than those in public schools. There is a need to continue this work to verify the values of these dimensions in other contexts and to apply institutional measures and public policies to improve these indicators in this group.

The confinement experienced due to the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a rethink of the teaching-learning process to which teachers have responded without planning and instead using their resources. This study aims to analyze the relationships between work-family interactions, technostress, and perceived organizational support in teachers during the confinement period in Spain that began in March 2020. An online survey was administered to 640 pre-school, primary, and secondary school teachers. Positive reciprocal work-family interactions and their relationship with organizational support were found, with differences according to gender, with women showing a more negative perception of the impact on the family. There were no marked levels of technostress in the overall sample, although higher levels of perceived ineffectiveness and skepticism were found in teachers aged 46 years or older. Teachers in private and subsidized schools showed a higher level of perceived support than those in public schools. There is a need to continue this work to verify the values of these dimensions in other contexts and to apply institutional measures and public policies to improve these indicators in this group.

The aim of this paper review is to analyse the publications in the area of cerebral palsy and ageing, with respect to type and volume of publications, methodology, thematic areas and age of cut of the sample. The importance of the theme derives from the increase in the life expectancy of this group and its demographic growth, which leads to the emergence of a new group with specific demands to which the scientific community must respond. A search of the main databases and an analysis following the PRISMA method are proposed, in order to make the review systematic and replicable. After the analysis of the publications, the predominance of empirical studies in the medical area, methodological weaknesses common to the research area and the need to carry out longitudinal and psychosocial research that allows an integral response are highlighted.