Pierre-Jean Lamy

Background:Antilipemic drugs have been hypothesized to decrease the risk of several cancers; however, results are still conflicting for prostate cancer.Methods:We used data from the EPICAP study, a French population-based case–control study including 819 incident prostate cancer cases and 879 population-based controls frequency-matched by age. Detailed information on the use of antilipemic drugs has been collected.Results:The use of overall antilipemic drugs was not associated with prostate cancer risk, whereas the use of statins, and particularly lipophilic statins, was inversely associated with high-grade prostate cancer with an International Society of Urological Pathology score ≥4 [OR = 0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27–1.00; OR = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.12–0.77, respectively]. When taking into account the duration of use, long duration (≥10 years) of statin and lipophilic statin was inversely associated with prostate cancer overall (OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.47–1.01; OR = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35–0.85, respectively) and with high-grade prostate cancer (OR = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24–1.01; OR = 0.26, 95% CI, 0.09–0.72, respectively).Conclusions:Our results showed an inverse association between high-grade prostate cancer and statins, particularly lipophilic statins, and indicated that these associations were more pronounced for long duration.Impact:In a context of overdiagnosis and overtreatment, identifying factors associated with aggressive prostate cancers is important and could help improving targeted screening strategies.

Supplementary Table 3a shows the logistic regression analysis of the use of antilipemic drugs and prostate cancer, restricted to controls screened in the last two years (sensitivity analysis)

Supplementary Table 2b shows the logistic regression analysis of the use of antilipemic drugs and prostate cancer, by prostate cancer grade (ISUP), with 5 years latency (sensitivity analysis)

Supplementary Table 2a shows the logistic regression analysis of the use of antilipemic drugs and prostate cancer, with 5 years latency (sensitivity analysis)

Supplementary table 1 shows the list of all antilipemic drugs requested in the study

Supplementary Table 3b shows the logistic regression analysis of the use of antilipemic drugs and prostate cancer, by prostate cancer grade (ISUP), restricted to controls screened in the last two years (sensitivity analysis)

Supplementary Table 3a shows the logistic regression analysis of the use of antilipemic drugs and prostate cancer, restricted to controls screened in the last two years (sensitivity analysis)

Supplementary Table 3b shows the logistic regression analysis of the use of antilipemic drugs and prostate cancer, by prostate cancer grade (ISUP), restricted to controls screened in the last two years (sensitivity analysis)

Background:Sleep disturbances have been singled out for their implication in the risk of several cancer sites. However, results for prostate cancer are still inconsistent.Methods:We used data from the EPICAP study, a French population-based case–control study including 819 incident prostate cancer cases and 879 controls frequency matched by age. Detailed information on sleep duration on work/free days, and sleep medication over lifetime was collected.Results:Sleep duration and sleep deprivation were not associated with prostate cancer, whatever the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. However, sleep deprivation was associated with an increased prostate cancer risk among men with an evening chronotype [OR, 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–3.70]. We also observed an increased risk of prostate cancer with higher duration of sleep medication use (Ptrend = 0.008). This association with long duration of sleep medication use (≥10 years) was more pronounced among men who worked at night 15 years or more (OR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.30–11.4) and among nonusers of NSAID (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.15–3.75).Conclusions:Our results suggested that chronotype, night work, or NSAID use could modify the association between sleep disorders and prostate cancer occurrence needing further investigations to go further.Impact:EPICAP is the first study, which investigates several sleep indicators taking into account potential effect modifiers. If our findings were confirmed, we could identify subgroups of men at higher risk of prostate cancer that may be accessible to preventive measures.