Kátia Biagio Fontes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal trend of suicide deaths and the disparities in the occurrence of suicide death between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. This ecological study analyzed deaths from intentionally self-inflicted injuries in the southern region of Brazil (states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul) from 2010 to 2019. The variables analyzed included annual frequency of events, age, sex, marital status, and education level. Descriptive analysis, association measures, and verification of temporal trends were performed. The average age-standardized suicide mortality rate for both populations was approximately 9.0 per 100,000 inhabitants, with a predominance among males (80%), single individuals (65%), and youth (37%). When only the state of Paraná was considered, the mortality rate during the period was 12.41 among the Indigenous population versus 6.94 per 100,000 inhabitants in the non-Indigenous population. In this state, the probability of suicide death was found to be almost twice as high among Indigenous men and women, with 13 times greater odds of death among Indigenous children and youth. A statistically significant temporal increase in the number of cases was observed only in the non-Indigenous population. An annual seasonal pattern of events among Indigenous individuals was suggested. The findings indicate a high suicide rate among the Indigenous population, particularly in Paraná, especially among young, single individuals, with a growing trend over the years.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal trend of suicide deaths and the disparities in the occurrence of the event between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. This ecological study analyzed deaths from intentionally self-inflicted injuries in the Southern Region of Brazil (states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul) from 2010 to 2019. The variables analyzed included annual frequency of events, age, sex, marital status, and education level. Descriptive analysis, association measures, and verification of temporal trends were performed. The average age-standardized suicide mortality rate for both populations was approximately 9.0 per 100,000 inhabitants, with a predominance among males (80%), single individuals (65%) and youth (37%). When only the state of Paraná was considered, the mortality rate during the period was 12.41 among the Indigenous population versus 6.94 per 100,000 inhabitants in the non-Indigenous population. In this state, the probability of the event was found to be almost twice as high among Indigenous men and women, with 13 times greater odds of death among Indigenous children and youth. A statistically significant temporal increase in the number of cases was observed only in the non-Indigenous population. An annual seasonal pattern of events among Indigenous individuals was suggested. The findings indicate a high suicide rate among the Indigenous population, particularly in Paraná, especially among young, single individuals, with a growing trend over the years.

A dengue é uma doença dolorosa e debilitante transmitida por insetos da espécie Aedes aegypti. Ela é definida como uma doença viral que, nos últimos anos, se espalhou vertiginosamente por todas as regiões tropicais e subtropicais do planeta. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e discutir o número e a taxa de incidência de casos de dengue no estado do Paraná utilizando-se dos boletins emitidos por semana epidemiológica nos anos de 2016 a 2021, considerando a sazonalidade da doença. Também se objetivou debater a incidência por macrorregional, as possíveis causas de períodos epidêmicos e ações de combate vetorial para redução dos casos da patologia. Foram utilizados como fonte de informações o banco de dados da Dengue/SVS/SESA, por meio de informes técnicos, disponibilizados pelo portal online de Boletins da Dengue Paraná da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Paraná. Conclui-se que o ano epidemiológico de 2019/2020 foi o de maior incidência e os anos epidemiológicos 2016/2017 e 2017/2018 apresentaram os menores casos durante todo período analisado. Dessa forma, a vigilância epidemiológica é muito importante para avaliação espacial da distribuição de casos para execução de ações estratégicas para redução da infestação do vetor. As políticas públicas e a disponibilização de inseticidas para aplicação também são essenciais para o combate da Dengue.

Objective: analyze the pattern of spatial distribution of the prevalence rate of births with congenital disorders and its relationship with social, economic, health care and environmental indicators in Paraná, Brazil, from 2008 to 2015. Method: ecological study with variables extracted from secondary banks, related to the births of children of mothers residing in Paraná, in two quadrennial (2008-2011 and 2012-2015). The analysis of the rates was performed with univariate spatial (Moran) and multivariate approach (Ordinary Least Squares and Geographically Weighted Regression). Results: the occurrence of congenital disorders presented a significant association (p<0.05) with: registration in primary care of pregnant women over 20 years of age; urbanization degree; consumption of pesticides; and balance of female formal employment. Conclusion/Final considerations: social, health care and environmental variables showed a non-stationary spatial pattern in the analyzed period and influenced positively and negatively the rates.

Aim To identify the factors associated with bullying and turnover intention among nurses. Background Previous studies have demonstrated an association between leadership, bullying, and turnover intention. However, few studies to date have addressed this topic among nurses. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted using web‐based data collection followed by data analysis using logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models. Results Having more than one job (odds ratio (OR)=2.9) and a low relationship‐oriented leadership style (OR=5.8) were positively associated with personal and work‐related bullying, respectively. A low relationship‐oriented leadership style (OR=4.0), age of 19–29 years (OR=4.5), and length of employment at the institution of 5–10 years (OR=4.9) were positively correlated with a high turnover intention. The following variables were correlated with a moderate turnover intention: a low relationship‐oriented leadership style (OR=3.4), having a bachelor's degree (OR=2.0), and working in a philanthropic institution (OR=2.5). Working in a private institution (OR=0.8) was negatively associated with a moderate turnover intention. Conclusions A low relationship‐oriented leadership style and social and work factors were associated with bullying and turnover intention. Implications for nurse managers Nurse managers, in addition to developing technical skills, need to develop skills to manage human relationships to prevent bullying and turnover among nurses.

Objective: Evaluate disparities in a Brazilian state by conducting an analysis to determine whether socioeconomic status was associated with the reported intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) rates against women. Design: A retrospective, ecological study. Settings: Data retrieved from the Notifiable Diseases Information System database of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. Participants: All cases of IPSV (n=516) against women aged 15–49 years reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System between 2009 and 2014. Outcome measures: The data were evaluated through an exploratory analysis of spatial data. Results: We identified a positive spatial self-correlation in the IPSV rate (0.7105, P≤0.001). Five high–high-type clusters were identified, predominantly in the Metropolitan, West, South Central, Southwest, Southeast and North Central mesoregions, with only one cluster identified in the North Pioneer mesoregion. Our findings also indicated that the associations between the IPSV rate and socioeconomic predictors (women with higher education, civil registry of legal separations, economically active women, demographic density and average female income) were significantly spatially non-stationary; thus, the regression coefficients verified that certain variables in the model were associated with the IPSV rate in some regions of the state. In addition, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model improved the understanding of the associations between socioeconomic indicators and the IPSV notification rate, showing a better adjustment than the ordinary least square (OLS) model (OLS vs GWR model: R ² : 0.95 vs 0.99; Akaike information criterion: 4117.90 vs 3550.61; Moran’s I: 0.0905 vs −0.0273, respectively). Conclusions: IPSV against women was heterogeneous in the state of Paraná. The GWR model showed a better fit and enabled the analysis of the distribution of each indicator in the state, which demonstrated the utility of this model for the study of IPSV dynamics and the indication of local determinants of IPSV notification rates.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os fatores associados à vitalidade do recém-nascido no município de Cianorte, Paraná. Realizou-se estudo descritivo e transversal, no qual foram utilizados dados das 1519 Declarações de Nascidos Vivos de 2011. Foi considerada como variável resposta a vitalidade do recém-nascido, avaliada por meio do índice de apgar de 1´ e 5´. Na avaliação da associação entre variáveis, empregou-se o teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson e o teste exato de Fisher. Conforme os dados obtidos, os fatores envolvidos na vitalidade do recém-nascido, foram: estado civil e município de moradia maternos, número de consultas de pré-natal, sexo, raça, idade gestacional e peso do recém-nascido. A realização deste estudo possibilitou identificar fatores associados à vitalidade do recém-nascido e, sobretudo, trazer à tona a reflexão sobre o modelo assistencial designado ao atendimento das gestantes e as práticas obstétricas.

Estudo descritivo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa com o objetivo de identificar as dificuldades encontradas por egressos de enfermagem durante sua inserção de no mercado de trabalho e a percepção destes relacionada ao seu preparo para exercer suas funções como enfermeiro. O estudo foi realizado com 22 egressos de enfermagem de instituição e ensino superior com conclusão da graduação entre os anos de 2008 a 2012. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de julho e agosto de 2013 por meio de questionário semiestruturado, enviados via e-mail, conforme cadastro obtido em Coordenação do Curso de Enfermagem e/ou via redes sociais. Os resultados das questões fechadas foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e os depoimentos submetidos a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados apontaram que a maioria dos egressos era do sexo feminino, com faixa etária entre 22 a 30 anos, católicos, solteiros, recém-formados, sem especialização e atuando como enfermeiros. Pode-se concluir que a falta de experiência foi apontada como fator de maior dificuldade para a inserção dos recém-graduados no mercado de trabalho, porém não um indicador de desemprego, pois a maioria dos egressos participantes desta pesquisa eram recém-formados e atuavam como enfermeiros. A análise dos dados apontou duas categorias temáticas provenientes dos depoimentos dos egressos: Dificuldades e potencialidades atreladas a formação acadêmica e Dificuldades e potencialidades atreladas a características individuais.

OBJECTIVE: To identify nurses who are subject to workplace bullying and its associated factors. METHOD: Descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 199 nurses working in public and private sectors (N=388). For data collection, a graphic socio-professional questionnaire and the Leymann Inventory Psychological Terrorization were used, both in print or electronic format (May/September 2010). RESULTS: According to the data collected, 11.56% of the participants had been subject to bullying. Multivariate analysis showed that having children, working at Public Healthcare Units, working at an institution for a period between one and three years, currently dealing with acts of bullying and to feel bullied are risk factors for bullying. CONCLUSION: This study permitted a better understanding of the factors associated with bullying; however, a research based on samples of Brazilian nurses is only the first step to evaluate other factors of influence related to the organizational context.

This is a descriptive-exploratory study with a quantitative approach, with the objective of identifying how nurses perceive psychological harassment at work, the behaviors experienced and the variables involved. In collecting data, two questionnaires were used: one socio-professional and another for identifying the behaviors involving psychological harassment experienced by the subjects in the previous twelve months, along with the duration and frequency of the behaviors. At the end of the questionnaire, a dichotomous question was added, which addressed nurses' perceptions in relation to feeling victimized by psychological harassment at work. Both the questionnaires were applied in electronic and print format between May and September 2010. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. The results showed that some of the subjects felt that they were victims of psychological harassment. Only the variables related to characterization of the psychological harassment presented significant association. The following were highlighted among the most-referred-to behaviors: "They question your decisions" and "You receive verbal attacks criticizing work you have done". It's important to open spaces for discussing violence at work, so that managers may establish strategic measures for preventing and containing this type of violence, so as to ensure health, dignity and well-being at work. It is also important to discuss this issue in the academic space, so as to give the theme greater visibility, such that future nurses will be able to identify and appropriately confront this type of violence.