Claudia Souza Lopes

Risky sexual behaviors, such as the nonuse of condoms, are identified in the literature as a possible outcome of excessive alcohol use. However, studies on this topic are focused on the high-risk population, namely young adults, men who have sex with men, and sex workers, which limits the analysis of life stages in this association. Thus, this study aimed to verify, for the first time, the association between heavy drinking, at global-level, and inconsistent condom use among unmarried, not cohabiting Brazilians aged 18 to 59 years in various phases of adulthood. Data were obtained from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey (N = 15,835). Adjusted prevalence ratios and confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models stratified by sex. Heavy drinkers, unmarried, not cohabiting adults were significantly more likely to report inconsistent condom use when compared with non-heavy drinkers for all age groups and both sexes. However, significant differences were not found for this association between the phases of adulthood.

Objetivo: Este trabalho descreve a construção de indicadores de violência comunitária dos 163 bairros do município do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de registros da Polícia Civil, e apresenta possibilidades de aplicabilidade em pesquisa, assistência e gestão no campo da saúde. Métodos: Foram construídos três indicadores - a taxa de crimes contra patrimônio, taxa de crimes contra pessoa não letais e taxa de crimes letais -, através do cálculo contendo no numerador os respectivos tipos de crimes oriundos dos boletins de ocorrência das delegacias, e no denominador a população residente do bairro, multiplicado por 100.000. Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados são apresentados no formato de mapas dos bairros do Município do Rio de Janeiro, com a distribuição de ocorrência das três taxas propostas, classificados em nível baixo, médio e alto. Os autores discutem sua aplicabilidade no campo da saúde, com foco na associação entre a violência comunitária e presença de sintomas em saúde mental, mas ressaltam que esses indicadores podem ser replicados e utilizados no estudo da associação da violência comunitária com diferentes desfechos na área de saúde, assim como para nortear ações de saúde pública no campo da gestão e assistência.

This study aimed to estimate the association between urban physical disorder and alcohol consumption in Brazilian adolescents. The sample was composed of 2,384 adolescents, aged 12 to 17, resident in Brazilian capitals and participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA), a school-based cross-sectional study undertaken in 2013 and 2014. The outcome variable was alcoholic beverage consumption characterized as having drunk an alcoholic beverage at least once in the previous 30 days. The exposure variable was urban physical disorder measured according to the urban features in the 2010 Demographic Census. The total effect of the indicators of exposure to urban physical disorder on the consumption of alcohol among adolescents was estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for each exposure, controlling for possible confounding variables. Adolescents living in areas with paved roads and manholes presented higher prevalence of alcohol consumption (adjusted PR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.02; 1.50 and adjusted PR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.01; 1.84, respectively). Conversely, the presence of wheelchair ramps and open sewers was associated with a lower prevalence of alcohol consumption (adjusted PR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.62; 0.99 and adjusted PR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.66; 0.97, respectively). These findings suggest that urban contextual factors can influence alcohol consumption among adolescents. Understanding these factors may aid in the development of public health policies that promote healthier urban environments.

Background: As a result of social isolation during the COVID‐19 pandemic, changes in sleep patterns have been observed in many countries, as well as changes in physical activity and screen time. The objective was to investigate sleep duration and quality during the COVID‐19 pandemic and its association with physical activity and screen time.Methods: Cross‐sectional study with students from a University in Rio de Janeiro who answered an online questionnaire between August 2020 and March 2021. Physical activity was assessed using IPAQ‐SF. Sleep was investigated based on questions about duration and sleep quality change, and screen time through self‐reported questions. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess the association between physical activity and screen time with sleep duration and quality. Secondary analyses investigated the influence of the isolation time on this association. The confounding factors used were diagnosis of COVID‐19, time of isolation, anxiety, depression, skin color, and gender.Results: A total of 771 college students with a mean age of 24.5 years (±8.6) answered the questionnaire. About 75% reported more than 8 h of screen time per day and 49.8% were physically inactive. Regarding sleep, 54.9% had worsening sleep, while 40.6% had inadequate sleep duration during the pandemic. Physical activity was associated with improved sleep quality (Odds ratio (OR) 1.72; confidence interval (95% CI) 1.05–2.97). Also, physically active students who spent more than 14 weeks in social isolation demonstrated improved sleep quality (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.02–3.78) compared to physically inactive individuals. No association was observed for sleep duration. No association was observed between screen time and sleep quality, or sleep duration.Conclusion: During the COVID‐19 pandemic, there was considerable worsening of sleep quality, and physical activity was positively associated with improved sleep quality.

Background: This study aims to explore the association between exposure to neighborhood violence and the presence of common mental disorders (CMDs) among Brazilian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Additionally, we aim to analyze whether sex, age and race are modifiers of the effect of this association. Methods: The study comprised 1,686 adolescents residing in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, situated in the Southeast region of Brazil. To measure exposure to community violence, we constructed three crime indicators using data from Civil Police of the State of Rio de Janeiro: crimes against property, nonlethal crimes, and lethal crimes. Employing geospatial analysis based on the adolescents’ residence location, logistic regression modeling was performed to measure the association between violence and CMDs. Results: Adolescents living in regions with higher rates of the three types of violence studied herein were more likely to have CMDs, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 2.33 to 2.99. When stratified by sex, age and race, girls, older adolescents and blacks have a greater magnitude of effect on the measure of association, indicating a heightened risk for CMDs. Conclusion: This study provides important contributions to the public health field, as it reveals new information on the influence of community violence on the mental health of adolescents. Given the elevated rates of violence globally, knowing the effects of such violence on adolescents becomes crucial for the prevention and treatment of CMDs within this population.

This corrects the article: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004007 In the article “Panorama of risky sexual behaviors in the Brazilian adult population – PNS 2019”, DOI https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004007, published on the Revista de Saúde Pública.2022;56:61, on pages 1,4,5,6,7 and 8 the RSP corrects tables 1 and 2, results section and estimates reported in the abstract and discussion.

Purpose: To compare the prevalence of depression and substance use/abuse according to sexual orientation and sex among Brazilian adults. Methods: Data were obtained from a national health survey (PNS 2019). This study included participants aged 18 and over (N=85,859). Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson models stratified by sex, for the association between sexual orientation, depression, daily tobacco use, alcohol abuse and both substance use/abuse. Results: After controlling for covariates, gay men showed a higher prevalence of depression (APR=1.92, 95% CI 1.32; 2.80), daily tobacco use (APR=1.93, 95% CI 1.45; 2.56) and multiple substances use/abuse (APR=1.73, CI95% 1.14;2.62) than heterosexuals. Bisexual men showed higher prevalence of depression (APR=2.91, 95% CI 1.54; 5.53). Estimated prevalence ratios were even higher among women. Lesbians showed higher prevalence of binge drinking (APR=2.52, 95% CI 1.94; 3.27), heavy drinking (APR=3.36, 95% CI 2.39; 4.72), daily tobacco use (APR=2.66, 95% CI 1.74; 4.07) and multiple substances use/abuse (APR=4.35, 95% CI 2.35;8.07) than among heterosexuals. Among bisexual women, results were significant for all analyzed outcomes: depression (APR=2.32, 95% CI 1.72; 3.13), binge drinking (APR=2.52, 95% CI 1.94; 3.27), heavy drinking (APR=2.53, 95% CI 1.68; 3.81), daily tobacco use (APR=1.82, 95% CI 1.12;2.96) and multiple substances use/abuse (APR=3.23, 95% CI 1.72;6.05). Conclusions: Our results indicate that sexual minorities are more vulnerable to mental illness and substance use/abuse. This finding draws attention to the need for specific public policies aimed at this population and for a greater recognition and better management of these disorders by health professionals.

Purpose: Binge eating disorder (BED), bulimia nervosa (BN) and recurrent binge eating (RBE) are binge eating spectrum conditions causing a significant impact in individual’s health and functioning. Information regarding those conditions came mostly from high-income countries. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of DSM-5 BED, BN and RBE and correlates in a representative sample from a metropolitan area of a middle-income country. Methods: The data were obtained from a cross-sectional population-based household survey in two stages in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Noninstitutionalized residents aged 18–60 years were assessed by lay interviewers using the Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns-5 (QEWP-5). Positive cases and a paired sample screen-negative cases were reassessed by phone with the Eating Disorders Section of SCID-I-P (adapted for DSM-5). The data were collected from September 2019 to February 2020. Results: Overall, 2297 individuals were interviewed. Prevalence of BED was 1.4%, BN 0.7%, RBE 6.2%. Psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression, anxiety and ADHD were significantly more prevalent in people with BED, BN and RBE than in people without these eating problems. Several medical conditions, when controlling for body mass index, were significantly more prevalent in people with BED, BN and RBE. People with BED and BN had marked impairments in work/school, social and family life, reduced mental and physical HRQoL and under half had sought treatment. Conclusion: As in high income countries, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, BED, BN and RBE are prevalent conditions and are associated with elevated BMI, functional impairment, psychiatric and medical comorbidity and poorer HRQoL.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the risky sexual behaviors of Brazilian adults according to socioeconomic, demographic, and regional characteristics. METHODS: Data from the 2019 National Health Survey, referring to the population aged 18 years or older, were analyzed. Risky sexual behaviors were considered: early sexual initiation, before the age of 15 years, and nonuse of condoms in the last sexual intercourse. Prevalence and respective confidence intervals were calculated for the subgroups of interest. RESULTS: Early sexual initiation among adult individuals was 24% among men and 11% among women, being higher among young people with lower levels of education and household income. The nonuse of condoms was higher among married/cohabiting partners, no schooling or with some elementary school, and among older people. The prevalence of nonuse of condoms among married/cohabiting partners was the same in both sexes (75%). However, among non-cohabiting partners, gender disparity was relevant, as 39.1% of women did not use condoms in the last sexual intercourse, while among men this result was 26.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Higher prevalence of early sexual initiation for younger generations is noteworthy, especially among women. Concerning the nonuse of condoms, there are important gender disparities in the group of non-cohabiting partners, in addition to the high prevalence among older people, which should be considered in the formulation of public policies. The results of the present study are extremely relevant for understanding the adult population currently more vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections, after over five years without official statistics on this matter at the national level.