Saiful Anwar Che Ghani

The significant heat generated by plastic deformation and friction during machining affects chip formation, tool wear, workpiece surface integrity, and quality, The significant heat generated by plastic deformation and friction during machining affects chip formation, tool wear, workpiece surface integrity, and quality,

The development of cybernetics and mechatronics, which blended with the Internet of Things (IoT), led to the introduction of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) using

European law specifies limit values (and test methods) for pollutant emissions from light duty vehicles and heavy-duty engines including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulates, which are considered dangerous to human health. The internal combustion engines nowadays have strict regulation for emissions that resulted in the growth of demands for measuring methods and the measuring technology. WLTC is a new procedure that replaced the existing New European Diving Cycle (NEDC) to make the emissions become more effective when do the test in laboratory or in real traffic driving. The aim of this research is to investigate suitability of the sensor principle for HC measurement based on tests and their evaluations. The hydrocarbon sensor used to detect the HC by thermal ionization, which produces an ion current as the output voltage of the sensor. The results obtained by the ion measurement concept show that the optimization of the combustion process can be developed through simple mean.

Testing and certification of vehicles in succession to their development are usually achieved on chassis dynamometer testbeds. This paper proposes the implementation of a smart real-time driving assistance system using cloud-computing, embedded tools and motorised actuator for vehicles with manual transmission powertrain under testing. For clutch actuation of the vehicle, a robotic leg actuator connected to a high torque stepper motor is controlled by Python code programmed on Raspberry Pi 4, linked through a smart network for remote controlling of the system via a user interface dashboard and digitalized working system so as to employ data connectivity through cloud-computing. By applying this network structure, the implementation functionality of smart driving assistance system using free cloud infrastructure is investigated, when the hardware is setup in Malaysia, whilst the control is from Germany. The framework that governs this prototype involves different domains of engineering such as data processing, manufacturing, mechanics, networking, embedded systems and actuators is able to be utilised in smart driving assistance system for car tested on a chassis dynamometer with latency of less than 1 s.

In the last decades machining methods have witnessed an advancement in both cutting tools’ geometry and hard coatings, sometimes in combination with Ti-based coating. In the present study, the machining performance of adhesion resistant Ti-based coating materials with modified cutting insert on tool wear was investigated in turning AISI 1017 carbon steel. TiB₂ and TiN hard coatings with similar layer thickness produced by physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique were considered as coating film for 1 mm thick tungsten carbide with Co binder cutting tools. The machining performance was evaluated mainly by surface roughness, cutting temperature and correlated in terms of tool wear. Through a set of experiments, modified cutting insert coated with TiB₂ exhibited about 24-33% improvement in tool wear compared to TiN coated insert. The results from this study show that TiB₂ coating can be used as coating material for cutting tool but further research on tribology and sustainability along with cutting dynamics study are prerequisites for commercial application of this coating material in the mainstream.

In Asia, Agarwood oil is obtained by conventional extraction methods which consume significant energy, amount of solvents, and process time. One of the conventional extraction methods is traditional hydrodistillation using stainless steel distiller covered by concrete. This study evaluates the heat loss during agarwood during agarwood hydro-distillation process with the aim at optimizing it using insulation techniques. Six insulation materials namely, Polyurethane, Aluminum Silicate, Glass Wool, Mineral Wool and Nitrile Rubber have been investigated experimentally and numerically using software Engineering Equation Solver (EES) to determine their effectiveness in reducing the heat loss from the boiler. Interestingly, higher heat loss recorded by the boiler surrounded by the concrete than when the boiler was heated barely. The best insulations with more than 18% efficiency of bare distiller demonstrated by glass wool and polyurethane whilst the worst efficiency was Aluminum Silicate. This finding is significant to help designers to choose the insulation material for improving engineering economics of hydro-distillation process.