Frank Gaillard

The World Health Organizatiοn (WHO) classification of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors is one of the most widely used pathological classification system for such disorders. The current revision, part of the 5th edition of the WHO series, was p...

The lithotomy position is a surgical position employed in medical imaging and surgical procedures wherein the patient lies supine on an examination or operating table with their buttocks at the table's edge. The lower limbs are flexed at the hips...

The Trendelenberg position is used in various interventional and diagnostic procedures whereby the patient is placed supine with the pelvis and lower limbs elevated above the head, typically 15-30°. A reverse Trendelenburg position, as the name...

Image generated with Midjourney.com by Frank Gaillard.

The patient went on to have a resection. Histology Sections of cerebral cortex and white matter show a cellular tumor with a loose fibrillary background with occasional microcyst. Tumor cells have angulated to ovoid hyperchromatic nuclei. Occa...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: IDH-mutant gliomas are further divided on the basis of 1p/19q status: oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted, and astrocytoma, IDH-mutant (without codeletion). Occasionally, testing may reveal single-arm 1p or 19q deletion (unideletion), which remains within the diagnosis of astrocytoma. Molecular assessment has some limitations, however, raising the possibility that some unideleted tumors could actually be codeleted. This study assessed whether unideleted tumors had MR imaging features and survival more consistent with astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-one IDH-mutant grade 2–3 gliomas with 1p/19q results were identified. Two neuroradiologists assessed the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign and calcifications, as differentiators of astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. MR imaging features and survival were compared among the unideleted tumors, codeleted tumors, and those without 1p or 19q deletion. RESULTS: The cohort comprised 65 tumors without 1p or 19q deletion, 12 unideleted tumors, and 44 codeleted. The proportion of unideleted tumors demonstrating the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign (33%) was similar to that in tumors without deletion (49%; P = .39), but significantly higher than codeleted tumors (0%; P = .001). Calcifications were less frequent in unideleted tumors (0%) than in codeleted tumors (25%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .097). The median survival of patients with unideleted tumors was 7.8 years, which was similar to that in tumors without deletion (8.5 years; P = .72) but significantly shorter than that in codeleted tumors (not reaching median survival after 12 years; P = .013). CONCLUSIONS: IDH-mutant gliomas with single-arm 1p or 19q deletion have MR imaging appearance and survival that are similar to those of astrocytomas without 1p or 19q deletion and significantly different from those of 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas.

Aortofemoral bypass surgery is a type of vascular surgery that is performed to treat aortoiliac occlusive diseases, commonly known as Leriche syndrome, by inserting an artificial tube (graft) from the end of the body's main artery (aorta) to the ...

The patient went on to have a resection which confirmed the presence of a pituitary adenoma. It is important to note the the diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy cannot readily be made on imaging alone and requires the correct clinical context, namely...

This is a complicated case most likely an autoimmune encephalitis leading to new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). The patient spent over two months in ICU and continues to have ongoing seizures despite maximal medication therapy. ...

Typical appearances of a cerebellopontine angle epidermoid cyst. The relationship with cranial nerve and vessels makes this lesion essentially impossible to fully resect. Incidental persistent left trigeminal artery.