Yehuda Pollak

Background: In the 5 years since the publication of the original ADHD International Consensus Statement, a great deal of new evidence has emerged. This updated consensus statement reflects the current state of the science with respect to ADHD, with a goal of reducing misconceptions and stigma around the disorder.Methods: Studies eligible for inclusion were published between January 1, 2021 and July 1, 2025 and were either: 1) large cohort studies of 2000 or more participants, or 2) meta-analyses of at least 5 studies or 2000 participants in which publication bias was considered. Eligible studies were summarized and consolidated by theme. Manuscript contents were reviewed and approved by 118 authors from 29 countries and 6 continents.Results: Two hundred and fifty empirically-supported statements were generated from these studies, offering readers an up-to-date understanding of the most robust findings in the areas of prevalence, how genes and environmental factors shape ADHD, psychiatric and somatic comorbidities, cognitive and neurological differences among individuals with ADHD, functional outcomes, and treatments for the disorder. Conclusions: Many of the conclusions of the original Consensus Statement are supported, but this update adds important nuance to some findings as a result of more recent evidence. It also highlights a few areas in which the balance of findings has shifted in the last 5 years, providing a transparent overview of the current scientific state of the field.

Introduction: In their seminal work, Stattin and Kerr (2000) identified three sources of parental knowledge: child disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental control. While this conceptualization has led to significant theoretical and practical contributions, the boundaries among the three sources are not always clear. In the current study, we examined a revised model of sources of parental knowledge, in which parents obtain knowledge either through covert monitoring strategies (e.g., checking the children's cell phones) or through the child's sharing. The child's sharing is further divided into two categories based on the child's motivation to share: a genuine desire to share or an attempt to avoid conflict. Our study investigated the longitudinal relations between parental knowledge and the three revised sources of information‐gathering (voluntary sharing, involuntary sharing, and covert monitoring). Methods: Two hundred twenty‐one Israeli parent‐adolescent dyads (59.3% girls, aged 13–18) participated in the study. Adolescents and parents completed online surveys annually over 3 years (2021–2023), focusing on parental knowledge and its sources. A Random‐Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Model (RI‐CLPM) was used to analyze the relations between parental knowledge and its sources, both between and within families. Results: Across reporters, at the between‐person level, parental knowledge was positively associated with children's voluntary sharing. At the within‐person level, temporary increases in voluntary sharing predicted subsequent increases in parental knowledge. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of the child's willful sharing of information with their parents in enhancing parental knowledge. Our study extends Stattin and Kerr's (2000) work by refining the theoretical and operational definitions of the sources of parental knowledge and clarifying the longitudinal associations underlying its development.

Objectives: Decades of research on individuals with ADHD across the lifespan have consistently demonstrated an increased tendency for negative risk-taking. However, the potential for positive forms of risk-taking has been largely overlooked. Very recently, Braams et al. were the first to report an increased likelihood of prosocial risk-taking, a subtype of positive risk-taking, among adolescents with ADHD. Building on their findings, the present preregistered study investigates self-reported likelihoods of engaging in negative, positive, and prosocial risk-taking and examines their associations with ADHD characteristics, as well as internalizing symptoms as comparison measures. Methods: This correlational study analyzed survey data from 611 participants drawn from the Dutch general population. Participants rated their likelihood of engaging in negative, positive, and prosocial risk-taking behaviors and completed standardized questionnaires assessing ADHD characteristics as well as internalizing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Correlation analyses, regression models, and categorical analyses were used to examine the unique and combined contributions of ADHD characteristics and internalizing symptoms to different forms of hypothetical risk-taking behavior. Results: ADHD characteristics were robustly associated with negative risk-taking likelihood. Associations with positive and prosocial risk-taking were present but weaker and less consistent across analytical methods. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that ADHD traits accounted for a substantial portion of the variance in risk-taking behaviors, while internalizing symptoms also contributed, though to a lesser extent. The likelihood of engaging in risk-taking behavior decreased with increasing age. Conclusion: Our findings support the emerging view that ADHD characteristics may be linked not only to negative but also to positive and prosocial forms of risk-taking. However, effects on positive and prosocial risk taking are more complex and warrant further research, particularly with clinical samples and psychometrically refined instruments. Our findings may foster a more nuanced understanding of ADHD and could have important implications for self-concept development and clinical care in individuals with ADHD.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the complex relation between adult ADHD symptoms, procrastination, and mediating factors, in light of leading procrastination theories: the Temporal Motivation Theory (TMT), emotion regulation, and a General Architecture for Modeling the Dynamics of Goal-Directed Motivation and Decision-Making – the GOAL architecture. Method: The study was preregistered. A survey was conducted with 640 adults recruited online to examine the associations between ADHD symptoms, procrastination, and seven mediating factors. Participants completed measures assessing ADHD symptoms, procrastination tendencies, emotion regulation, motivation, and goal-related behaviors. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the direct and indirect pathways among the variables. Results: A positive association was revealed between ADHD inattention symptoms and procrastination tendencies. The mediating factors that significantly contributed to this relations were sensitivity to delay, perceived low value of the task, and flexible goal adjustment. While ADHD inattention symptoms was associated with all seven variables, three variables directly contributed to increased procrastination behavior, thus explaining the link between inattention symptoms and procrastination. Conclusions: The study highlights the relations between procrastination and adult ADHD symptoms and underscores the need to address mediating factors in intervention strategies. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing targeted interventions to improve functional outcomes for individuals with ADHD.

Individuals diagnosed with ADHD are at a heightened risk of antisocial behaviors, substance abuse, emotional distress, and diminished happiness. Identifying protective factors that reduce the likelihood of these functional impairments in ADHD is vital. Research has shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) can serve as a protective factor against various risks and health issues. Therefore, investigating the relationship between SOC and functioning among adults and adolescents with ADHD is essential. A study involving 468 participants aged 15–50 who had reported being diagnosed with ADHD was conducted and analyzed by structural equation modeling. Individuals who reported higher SOC levels also reported lower levels of functional impairment across all domains. This association remained fairly consistent across gender and age groups. The results suggest that SOC is associated with reduced functional impairments in individuals with ADHD. Recognizing this association can aid in identifying those at higher risk within the ADHD population. Further research is warranted to test the causal relationship between SOC and functional impairment and explore potential therapeutic approaches to bolster SOC in individuals with ADHD.

The link between Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and reduced quality of life (QoL) has been well established. The current study examines the role of procrastination in explaining this link, providing a new focus for research and therapy. This study examines the involvement of procrastination in accounting for ADHD‐related reduced QoL. Adult participants ( N = 132) completed an online survey consisting of validated scales to assess ADHD symptoms, procrastination levels, and QoL. An indirect pathway between ADHD and quality of life through procrastination was examined. Higher levels of ADHD symptoms correlated with higher procrastination and lower quality‐of‐life scores. Indirect pathways between ADHD symptoms and poor QoL through levels of procrastination were identified. These results shed further light on ADHD and its association with reduced QoL and account for this link by the negative impact of procrastination on day‐to‐day functioning. Future research is warranted to design effective interventions for consumers with ADHD‐related procrastination, targeting different aspects of quality of life.

Background: The present study sought to extend the existing knowledge on the relationship between risky behavior and ADHD by studying transactions between these two variables within participants and across various time scales. Methods: Participants were 281 adolescents (170 girls), age 13–18 years old ( M = 14.8, SD = 1.3), and 1 of their parents. Risky behavior and ADHD symptoms measurements were taken at varying time intervals: annually, 4‐monthly, and weekly. Random Intercepts Cross‐Lagged panel modeling (RI‐CLPM) was used to examine longitudinal bidirectional associations between risky behavior and ADHD symptoms. Results: At the between‐person level, positive associations between risky behavior and ADHD symptoms were found in all time scales. At the within‐person level, according to adolescents' reports, ADHD symptoms did not predict subsequent fluctuations in adolescents' risky behavior, though according to parental reports on adolescents' risky behaviors, a cross‐lagged effect of risky behaviors on ADHD symptoms was evident in the annual time scale. Conclusions: Between‐person relations between ADHD and risky behavior were established, suggesting an underlying common factor. Within‐person relations were suggested only in parent reports and specific time scales. Our research underscores the critical need to differentiate between inter‐individual and intra‐individual effects when investigating the interplay between ADHD and risky behavior over time.

Importance: The link between ADHD and reduced quality of life has been well established. The current study examines the role of procrastination in explaining this link, providing a new focus for research and therapy. Objective: This study examines the involvement of procrastination, a firm correlate of ADHD, in accounting for ADHD-related reduced quality of life. Design: An online survey consisting of validated scales was used to assess ADHD symptoms, procrastination levels, and quality of life. An indirect pathway between ADHD and quality of life through procrastination, was examined. Setting: A web-based survey platform. Participants: One hundred thirty-two participants, 24 to 60 years of age, 73 males, 58 females and 1 other, completed the online survey.Results: Higher levels of ADHD symptoms were correlated with higher procrastination and lower quality-of-life scores. Indirect pathways between ADHD symptoms and poor quality of life through levels of procrastination were also identified. Conclusions and Relevance: These results shed further light on ADHD and its association with reduced quality of life, and account for this link by the negative impact of procrastination on day-to-day functioning. Future research is warranted to design effective interventions to manage ADHD-related procrastination, targeting different aspects of quality of life.What This Article Adds: This article contributes to the existing literature by providing further insights into the specific role of procrastination in the association between ADHD symptoms and quality of life. It emphasizes the importance of considering procrastination in interventions aimed at enhancing quality of life of individuals with ADHD symptoms.

Aims: People diagnosed with ADHD are in a higher risk for anti-social behaviors, substance abuse, emotional distress, and low happiness. It is necessary to know about factors that can predict the increased risk of these comorbidities as well as the protective factors that can be implemented therapeutically, for the purpose of reducing the risk of these functional impairments. Sense of coherence (SOC) was found to protect against various risk factors and health conditions. The present study examined whether SOC correlates with better functioning among adults and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Methods: 468 participants aged 15-50, who reported being diagnosed with ADHD, answered an online survey that included validated questionnaires regarding SOC and functional impairment in the following domain: anti-social behaviors, substance abuse, emotional distress, and low happiness. Results: Participants who reported a higher SOC also reported lower functional impairments in all domains. The association between SOC and outcome variables was similar in both genders and in both adolescents and adults. Conclusions: SOC is central for predicting various functional impairments among individuals diagnosed with ADHD. These findings have practical implications for the detection of an at-risk subgroup within the ADHD population and may inform the development of interventions aimed at increasing SOC for people with ADHD. The findings should be further tested in longitudinal and intervention studies.