Beatriz Cebreiro López

The assessment of teachers’ digital competence has become a key challenge for educational systems seeking to foster effective multimodal, online, and blended learning environments. This study examines the level of self-perceived digital competence and educators’ readiness to design, implement, and support multimodal learning experiences across all educational levels in Galicia, Spain. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the DigCompEdu Check-In questionnaire with a sample of 1550 teachers. The findings reveal a generally intermediate level of digital competence across educational levels, with significant differences between educational stages in several dimensions of the DigCompEdu framework. Teachers reported stronger competences in professional engagement and digital resources, while lower levels were observed in learner empowerment and the facilitation of students’ digital competence. These results suggest that, although teachers possess a solid foundation for the use of digital technologies, important challenges remain regarding their preparedness to promote active participation, autonomy, and digital engagement in multimodal learning environments. The dimensions most closely associated with the design and facilitation of multimodal educational experiences, particularly digital resources, teaching and learning, learner empowerment, and the development of students’ digital competence, highlight the need for targeted professional development initiatives. The study provides a comprehensive baseline for evaluating teachers’ readiness for multimodal online and blended learning before the full implementation of the European Digital Education Action Plan 2021–2027. Consequently, it offers valuable evidence for assessing the future impact of European policies aimed at strengthening digital education and supporting innovative multimodal teaching practices.

This paper is part of the research carried out in the competitive European project Educational Knowledge Transfer (EKT), whose purpose is the development and experimentation of an educational methodology and an intelligent technological environment (EKT system) to offer an effective, scalable and sustainable support in the process of carrying out initial teacher training internships. The EKT system has been designed to reinforce the collaborative processes between tutors, favor the collaborative monitoring of students in school placement and enhance reflective learning of the profession thanks to the use of digital tools. This publication presents the results of the study focused on the experimentation of the educational methodology and the use of the digital portfolio, the reflective processes during school placement and the relevance of the portfolio to facilitate collaboration between supervisors, tutors and students. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was carried out a quantitative methodology. The purposive sample of 202 school placements tutors. The need for greater horizontality, collaboration and involvement of the three agents and the absence of institutional tools to support the reflective and collaborative processes were noted. The usefulness of the digital portfolio to promote reflection and collaboration is confirmed.

(1) The in-school placement is a key scenario in linking theory and practice in the processes of initial teacher education (ITE) and constitutes a crucial element in the understanding of professional competencies and the experimentation of educational innovation proposals. For this reason, the pedagogical model that guides teaching practices and the set of learning activities that university and school mentors develop is especially relevant. This paper aims to analyze the current individualized monitoring processes of student teachers, as well as to detect difficulties and needs for improvement. (2) The center of interest corresponds to the internship mentors of the ITE degrees of the Faculty of Education Sciences at the University of Santiago de Compostela. This research was carried out through a descriptive study with a survey method and a study sample of 202 mentors. (3) Results show that there are discrepancies in the activities that university and school mentors implement with students, as well as in the observation and supervision processes. (4) We propose a learning reflective methodology based on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model to coordinate agents involved in the internship, connecting them through a specialized eLearning environment equipped with specific tools to facilitate the processes of individualized monitoring, reflective learning, and self-regulation.

Las aulas multigrado ofrecen numerosos beneficios y posibilidades educativas, y no sólo en los entornos rurales. Sin embargo, son muchas las dificultades con las que se encuentra el profesorado de este tipo de aulas; entre otras, la falta de formación especializada o el insuficiente apoyo de la administración. El propósito de esta investigación es conocer la percepción del profesorado de las aulas multigrado de Galicia (España) respecto a las posibilidades de la multigraduación, las limitaciones y las propuestas de mejora necesarias para la optimización de este modelo educativo. Los resultados evidencian que la realidad educativa donde un porcentaje importante de la población escolar está atendida en aulas multigrado requiere medidas específicas que ayuden a los desafíos de esta tipología de aulas. Consecuentemente, es necesario el apoyo de la administración educativa y la consideración de la multigraduación no sólo como una estrategia que evita el cierre de las escuelas rurales, sino como modelo de innovación. Urge hacer una apuesta que provoque una revalorización de este tipo de aulas.

The successful irruption of AI-based technology in our daily lives has led to a growing educational, social, and political interest in training citizens in AI. Education systems now need to train students at the K-12 level to live in a society where they must interact with AI. Thus, AI literacy is a pedagogical and cognitive challenge at the K-12 level. This study aimed to understand how AI is being integrated into K-12 education worldwide. We conducted a search process following the systematic literature review method using Scopus. 179 documents were reviewed, and two broad groups of AI literacy approaches were identified, namely learning experience and theoretical perspective. The first group covered experiences in learning technical, conceptual and applied skills in a particular domain of interest. The second group revealed that significant efforts are being made to design models that frame AI literacy proposals. There were hardly any experiences that assessed whether students understood AI concepts after the learning experience. Little attention has been paid to the undesirable consequences of an indiscriminate and insufficiently thought-out application of AI. A competency framework is required to guide the didactic proposals designed by educational institutions and define a curriculum reflecting the sequence and academic continuity, which should be modular, personalized and adjusted to the conditions of the schools. Finally, AI literacy can be leveraged to enhance the learning of disciplinary core subjects by integrating AI into the teaching process of those subjects, provided the curriculum is co-designed with teachers.

An in-school education placements is considered a crucial axis in the training of the future teacher. This first immersion in the school context allows interaction between theory and practice, contextualized learning of the profession and reflection on the processes, skills and competencies to be acquired, as well as the student’s personal development. The successful achievement of these goals requires close collaboration and communication between all the agents involved in the internship: university mentors, school mentors, and the student intern. The present study focuses on a diagnosis of the collaboration between mentors (university and school) in the development of the training activities and processes that take place during the school internships. These internships correspond to the teaching degrees and the master’s degree in secondary education of the Faculty of Education Sciences of the University of Santiago de Compostela. Through a non-experimental study with descriptive methodology, using an online questionnaire, the perceptions of both profiles of mentors are collected. The first objective is to know the degree of collaboration that exists in the processes and in the different training activities that are currently carried out in the practicum; the second aim is to know the perception of the importance and necessity of such a collaboration in each of the proposed activities. The main results show the need to improve the collaboration and teamwork processes of the mentors and reinforce the relevance of designing and implementing specific technological solutions. It is necessary to connect both teaching profiles and educational contexts and to establish a hybrid training scenario that strengthens the training link between mentors and students in the practicum, allowing permanent and personalized support. This work is part of a Doctoral Thesis developed within the framework of the International Competitive research project EKT—Educational Knowledge Transfer-(Knowledge Alliance reference number 612414-EPP-1-2019-1-ES-EPPKA2-KA). The purpose is to develop and test collaborative educational methodologies for internships through an intelligent technological framework that aims to impact on a more effective, scalable, and sustainable system that is closely linked to professional contexts.

The digital teaching competence of university professors is of vital importance to improving the quality of higher education, and for the strategic positioning of public universities in our country. The purpose of this study is to find out the level of digital competence of Galician university professors, as well as to identify whether there are significant variable-based differences. To this end, a non-experimental design with a descriptive approach and hypothesis contrast is proposed. The sample studied is made up of a total of 610 teachers from the three public universities of Galicia (Spain), who responded to the DigCompEdu Check-In instrument adapted to the Spanish context (Cabero-Almenara & Palacios-Rodríguez, 2020). In general terms, the results show a medium-low level and the existence of significant differences depending on the age, recruitment profile and area of knowledge of the teaching staff. Specifically, the younger teaching and research staff, together with Social and Legal Sciences, have a higher level of competence, whereas tenured teaching and research staff have a lower level of competence with respect to contracted workers. Therefore, training plans should be developed which focus on teaching. Expert advice and personalized methodological support should shift the focus of the intervention radically from technology to teaching.

La protección de datos de carácter personal es un derecho fundamental sobre el que todas las personas tenemos responsabilidad. Cumplir y ajustarse a los requerimientos de la normativa que regula la protección de datos es una obligación de todas las instituciones, también de la Universidad. En la actualidad, debido a la escasa investigación, hay un gran desconocimiento del impacto de la normativa de protección de datos en la enseñanza superior. Se inicia, con este estudio, una línea de trabajo que pretende conocer cómo se integra la protección de datos en el ámbito de la docencia universitaria. Esta investigación indaga hábitos, actitudes y grado de conocimiento que tiene el profesorado universitario con relación a la protección de datos. Se diseñó e implementó un cuestionario ad hoc al que respondieron 391 docentes de la Universidad de [universidad-anonimizado]. Los resultados informan que es necesario mejorar hábitos del profesorado universitario en acciones concretas y que pueden provocar vulnerabilidades con relación a la protección de datos. Se constata una buena actitud del personal docente, pero se revelan diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al grado conocimiento en este tema en función del área a la que pertenezca el/la docente. Se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de guiar las actuaciones vinculadas a la formación del profesorado universitario en materia de protección de datos y diseñar campañas informativas que permitan aumentar la sensibilidad y fomentar actitudes más orientadas a la protección de datos. Sólo de esta forma, avanzaremos en la consecución de un profesorado fortalecido democráticamente.

El ciberacoso es un fenómeno con una alta prevalencia en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Esta situación implica un nuevo desafío para los centros educativos, especialmente, para directores y docentes. Este trabajo presenta la percepción que directores/as y profesorado de centros educativos de Educación Secundaria de Galicia tienen con relación al ciberacoso, su competencia para afrontarlo y sus propuestas de actuación para facilitar la intervención ante este fenómeno. La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 314 directores y docentes. Se usan análisis descriptivos para describir la muestra y las variables analizadas, un análisis de componentes principales para comprobar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala utilizada y análisis no paramétricos para contrastes estadísticos. Los participantes informan de una baja percepción del ciberacoso en los centros educativos. Los docentes profesores con cargos de gestión académica (directores, y jefes de estudio) así como los orientadores, consideran que son más competentes que los docentes para abordar o gestionar situaciones de ciberacoso. Desarrollar políticas contra el ciberacoso y utilizar días para formar al profesorado en ciberacoso a través de actividades organizadas por el equipo de orientación es fundamental

Previous studies agree on the benefits of improving the relevant competences in students by applying globalized learning methodologies and projects in the STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). However, few studies have focused on whether including other subjects in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) in these projects improves high school students’ perceptions on improvement in these skills. The objective of this work was to study the effect of participation in interdisciplinary teaching projects (STEM and HASS), which promote globalized and project-based learning, on the perception of self-efficacy of secondary school students in basic competences for learning. It also analyzes the modulating role of gender on said perception. High school students from Galicia participated in this study. Both before and after participating in teaching projects according to the MODEL of the ATS-STEM project, they completed a questionnaire on self-efficacy in the eight key competences for STEM learning defined in the model: disciplinary STEM competences, problem solving, innovation and creativity, communication, critical thinking, metacognitive skills, collaboration and self-regulation. The results showed an improvement in all the competences evaluated (although only the men showed an increase in collaboration). Nevertheless, there was a lower perception of competence in women than in men in discipline competences, problem solving and metacognitive skills. Therefore, the benefits of interdisciplinary ATS-STEM learning experiences on the self-efficacy perceived by high school students were confirmed, although the results continue to show a gender gap.