Aleksandr Viktorovich Istomin

The conditions of the North dictate the need to optimize human nutrition. Extreme weather and climate factors can affect the cellular composition of the blood. In the summer period of the year, blood parameters were assessed in men working in the Arctic. Persons of the main group (n = 30) took a natural multicomponent product for 21 days; the comparison group (n = 30) did not take the product. The duration of work in the North was 5.9 ± 0.3 years. Before the study, on the 22nd and 32nd days, a general clinical blood test was performed. The content of macro- and micronutrients in the product was calculated. Initially, the proportion of band neutrophils was below the reference values (Me 0.5; Q1-0.3; Q3-0.8). The product provided additional energy value of food in 33.6 kcal, intake of vitamins (up to 16.4%), minerals (up to 21.3%) and dietary fiber (10.0%) from daily requirement, biologically active substances. Statistically significant changes within the normal limits indicated stimulation of transport and respiratory function of erythrocytes (increase in number by 4.7% and increase in hemoglobin content by 2.0%); influence on parameters of innate immunity and modulation of neutrophil action – increase in platelets by 2.4%; non-specific resistance of the organism (increase in the proportion of band neutrophils (by 31.3%) and segmented neutrophils (by 11.2%)), increase in cytotoxic properties (increase in the proportion of eosinophils by 20.3%), activation of immune system cell production (increase in the proportion of lymphocytes by 40.6%), stimulation of phagocytic and other properties of leukocytes (increase in monocytes by 12.1%). Optimization of nutrition with a product produced using critically low-temperature technology indicates the prospects for its wide use.

Introduction. Currently, the most popular in agricultural production are complex chlorine-free mineral fertilizers with trace elements. The inclusion of trace elements in fertilizers improves plant nutrition, optimizes the effect of fertilizers. At the same time, trace elements are added to the fertilizer in the form of salts, in ionic form, most often, sulfates belonging to substances of hazard class 1-2, which can affect the toxicity of fertilizers and the safety of their production and use. To prevent a possible negative impact on human health and the environment for production, sale and use, it is necessary to conduct toxicological studies included in the state registration procedure. The aim of the study is to study the nature of the toxic effect on the body of laboratory animals (rats, rabbits, guinea pigs) of new complex chlorine-free mineral fertilizers with trace elements. Material and methods. Samples of liquid agrochemicals (preparations No. 1, No. 4, No. 5) and solid (preparations No. 2, No. 3) with different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and different composition of trace elements in the form of salts were taken for research. The experimental work was performed on 90 nonlinear, sexually mature white male rats weighing 200-220 g, 30 purebred male rabbits weighing 3000-3500 g and 90 male guinea pigs weighing 350-400 g. During the work, existing methodological approaches and recommendations were used, including generally accepted informative methods of toxicological and statistical studies. Results. Based on the conducted studies, the parameters of acute oral and dermal toxicity, irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes, sensitizing effect of 5 samples of complex chlorine-free mineral fertilizers with trace elements were established. For all studied drugs, acute oral toxicity (LD50) > 5000 mg/kg body weight, acute dermal toxicity (LD50) > 2500 mg/kg body weight, mild irritating effect on the skin of rats (the average group-wide total score of the severity of the skin-irritating effect was 0.7 points for drugs No. 1, No. 4, No. 5 and 0.5 points for drugs No. 2 and No. 3), mild irritating effect on the mucous membranes rabbit eye shells (the average cumulative score of the severity of the irritating effect of samples of liquid fertilizers No. 1, No. 4, No. 5 was 1-3 points, solid fertilizers No. 2, No. 3 - 1-2 points), the absence of a sensitizing effect in guinea pigs within the standard research protocol (reactions of specific leukocyte lysis (RSLL) showed negative skin tests in guinea pigs of all experimental groups; the relative percentage of lysis did not exceed 10%). Research limitation. The definition of the hazard class was revealed in the study of the acute toxic effect of new complex chlorine-free mineral fertilizers with trace elements on the body of laboratory animals. Conclusion. Generalization of all the obtained results of experimental toxicological studies of complex chlorine-free nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers with trace elements from the point of view of hygienic safety allows them to be classified as moderately dangerous substances (hazard class - 3).

Introduction. The article discusses the features of nutrition and the formation of the metabolic syndrome in workers in dust-hazardous industries. The relevance and urgency of studying the relation of nutrition to the development of obesity, arterial hypertension, impaired carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is due to the steady progression of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome both in the population as a whole and among workers in hazardous industries. The purpose. Hygienic assessment of the actual nutrition in different age groups from the standpoint of the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in workers of the industrial enterprises. Materials and methods. Sixty four workers aged of 51.0±8.7 years, the average work experience being 18.4±6.9 years were surveyed in the mining and engineering industries,. The ones surveyed were divided into two groups taking into account their age: the first group included people from 30 to 44 years (28 people), the second group included people aged 45 to 60 years (36 ones). The research methods included the assessment of actual nutrition, anthropometry, measurement of blood pressure, clarification of the glycemic profile and lipid spectrum. Results. The actual nutrition of workers in hazardous industries was found to be off-balanced in terms of macronutrient intake. In the age group of 30-44 years, a significant increase in the risk of developing metabolic syndrome was determined due to alcohol consumption, exceeding the norm of added sugar. In the older group (45-60 years), the risk of developing metabolic syndrome increased due to the excessive amount of total fats in the diet and a deficiency of dietary fibers. Limitations. The study included 64 workers aged 30 to 60 years, the correlation analysis of the compared indicators was carried out using a quantitative scale, when calculating the odds ratio, the indicators were measured on a nominal scale. Conclusion. There are revealed age-related features of actual nutrition of workers in dust-hazardous occupations, resulting in the development of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome, requiring further study to develop effective measures for the nutritional prevention of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Currently, the biological value of colostrum is generally considered as a resource of biotechnologies for the production of functional food products capable of purposefully improving the state of actual nutrition of certain categories of the population. At the same time, the use of essential micronutrients included in colostrum is significantly limited by the complexity of technological processes for the manufacture of biologically active additives based on a natural product. The article is devoted to the generalization and systematization of available information about the macronutrient composition of colostrum, the biological value of essential micronutrients included in the product, immunomodulatory, regulatory and prebiotic properties. The authors present examples of the use of colostrum and its fractions in the form of medicines and biologically active food additives. The possibilities of using a functional food product based on colostrum in industrial workers as a physiologically functional food ingredient with antioxidant effect, radioprotective properties, the possibility of neutralizing xenobiotics, binding heavy metals, arsenic compounds, cyanides, aromatic hydrocarbons are substantiated. The resource for information search is the bibliographic databases Medline and RSCI.

The review summarizes the directions of the results of scientific activities of the Department of Food Hygiene of the Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing. Since the day of its foundation, the employees have been working on the examination of food products, the development of methods for the study of food and ready-made meals, the prevention of food poisoning of bacterial and non-bacterial aetiology, as well as the hygienic assessment and control of the produced utensils and containers. Based on the department, capital studies were carried out to study and rationalize the nutrition of certain groups of the population: industrial workers (engaged in the development of coal mines, working at metallurgical and mining enterprises, etc.), children and adolescents of various institutions. The article highlights the main directions of work on the study and development of methods for hygienic and chemical research of public catering and food industry products, on the hygienic assessment of pesticides and new methods of food processing technology. Attention is paid to studies on establishing migration patterns and deciphering the mechanisms of biological action of toxic substances released from materials in contact with food. A significant contribution was the scientific substantiation of hygienic food system optimization using preventive foods for contingents of persons in extreme environmental conditions, including astronauts. The result of the research was the development of medico-biological requirements for specialized products intended for feeding people in extreme conditions of space flight and wounded with damage to the skeletal system. The works of the outstanding employees of the department have made a significant contribution to the science of hygiene and sanitary practice.

Introduction. The article presents data on the role of milk and dairy products, including fermented milk products, in the human diet and reflects their important role in providing the body with proteins having a high essential amino acid content. In addition to all health benefits of milk, fermented dairy products have dietary and medicinal properties while their digestibility is higher than that of milk. Objective. To demonstrate the role of fermented milk products in human nutrition and benefits of fermented milk products enriched with probiotic microorganisms for preventive nutrition in the microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract. Materials and methods. The article presents an analytical review of literary sources on the role of milk and dairy products, including fermented milk products, in human nutrition and provides information on the per capita production and consumption of milk and dairy products in the Russian Federation. It also addresses the problem of dysbiosis since fermented dairy technology can pose a serious microbiological risk related to favorable conditions for the growth of extraneous microorganisms coming from raw materials, starter cultures, and equipment during the production process. The absence of stringent quality standards for fermented milk products contributes to manufacturing of various counterfeit foods. Results. The article outlines the main provisions of the expert hygienic assessment of specialized food products for preventive nutrition for the purpose of their state registration on the example of fermented milk bioproducts, defines criteria for assessing the quality and safety of specialized products for dietary nutrition and requirements for technical documentation on these products, and provides the list of necessary documents for expert examination of hygiene and safety of specialized products for therapeutic and preventive nutrition. Conclusion. The permission to use novel fermented milk products as preventive nutrition foods shall be based on results of предassessing their compliance with the requirements of technical regulations of the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union on the quality and safety of products and their raw materials, packaging and labeling.

The article analyzes the rationale for the use and the results of the use of detoxification nutritional support in patients with COVID-19 viral infection. Data from a number of publications indicate that when infected with COVID-19, hemotoxic and metabolic effects occur, similar to those that occur with the accumulation of heavy metals. Intoxication of the body in coronavirus pathology is accompanied by violations of oxidative processes and overproduction, mainly of cytokines («cytokine storm»), which is largely due to a deficit in the consumption and accumulation of micronutrients and biologically active substances in the body with pronounced antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and other activities ... The results of previous studies to assess the detoxification activity of the dietary food product suggested that this product may be effective in cases of intoxication caused by viral infections, in particular COVID-19 coronavirus. Thus, the use of jelly in a group of workers working in hazardous working conditions led to an increase in urinary excretion of nickel, copper and cobalt, an improvement in oxidative stress indicators: a decrease in malondialdehyde to 4,3 ± 0,06 μmol/l, increase in catalase activity from 417,2 ± 20,6 to 564,2 ± 20,1 μkat/L, superoxide dismutase from 13,7 ± 0,1 up to 15,3 ± 0,08 a.u., ceruloplasmin from 287,4 ± 6,1 to 331,2 ± 8,5 mg/ml. The obtained data, as well as knowledge about the peculiarities of the pathogenesis and course of COVID-19 infection, made it possible to include jelly in the maintenance therapy of patients with this disease. A survey of 283 people who have had a coronavirus infection showed the presence of symptoms of severe intoxication. Nutritional support for a month with detoxification jelly contributed to a significant reduction in symptoms of intoxication: weakness and fatigue, temperature fluctuations, fears, anxiety, suspiciousness, etc. disappeared. The authors recommend longer (at least 3-6 months) nutritional support by specialized detoxification food products for the full recovery of the body and further prevention of the development of post Сovid complications.

In the article there are contained the results of the study of ambient air of the regional center, urban-type settlement, and buccal epithelium in 87 schoolchildren aged of 11-13 years. Schoolchildren residing in the regional center were shown to be more susceptible to the exposure to such toxicants as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, fluorhydric acid, chlorine and its compounds, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde contained in the ambient air. In this group of students if compared with students who live in the village, there were revealed more pronounced cytogenetic deteriorations in oral mucosal epitheliocytes: cells with micronuclei, different forms of protrusion of the core, dual-core cell mitosis, kariokynesis, apoptotic bodies significantly more common occur, that can speak about both not only of cytogenetic instability, but and the degree of environmental genotoxicity, in particular, ambient air. There was noted the tendency to increase the level of cytogenetic damage and destruction of the nucleus in the group of girls in comparison with boys.

The features of factual nutrition, indices of metabolism processes, immunity condition and adaptation potential of organism of adolescents of the Far North and middle zone of the Russian Federation are examined. The regional features of immunologic and biochemical indices of schoolchildren health condition. The analysis of correlation relationship between clinical laboratory indices of metabolism processes, immunity and antioxidant status of schoolchildren testifies condition of adaptive tension, more intensively expressed in schoolchildren of the Far North.