Hai-Dong Yu

Effective management of infected wounds demands biocompatible and breathable dressings capable of real-time monitoring and autonomous therapeutic regulation, which conventional passive dressings fail to provide. Here, we present a permeable liquid metal (LM)-based fibrous patch (LMFP) that integrates closed-loop temperature-humidity monitoring with on-demand photothermal antibacterial therapy. The LM mechanoelectrical dual-bond interconnects, achieved through graphene oxide (GO) and its oxygen-containing groups, establish a stable and conductive LM-sensor coupling that ensures precise temperature-humidity sensing under humid, dynamic wound environments. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate its validity of wound monitoring, accelerated healing, and intelligent closed-loop wound management. This work introduces a next-generation intelligent wound patch integrating breathable architecture, adaptive sensing, and responsive therapy, offering substantial advantages for enhanced infection control and tissue regeneration in sensitive and vulnerable skin environments.

Rising energy costs and depleting fossil fuel reserves necessitate integrating multiple energy‐harvesting technologies in energy‐saving houses to reduce carbon footprints. Unlike photovoltaics or wind generators, droplet‐electricity generators (DEGs) can operate in rainy conditions, thereby complementing existing renewables in energy‐saving houses. However, inadequate thermal management in traditional DEGs restricts their practical applicability. To overcome this limitation and enhance year‐round energy efficiency, this work proposes a radiative cooling droplet‐electricity generator (RC‐DEG) combining raindrop energy harvesting with passive radiative cooling for efficient energy savings. This is achieved with a radiative triboelectric layer (RTL) comprising polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite and a porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer. As the DEG component, porous PTFE enhances triboelectric properties, while the PDMS/TiO₂ composite (dielectric constant 3.3) improves charge storage and electricity output performance during rainfall. For optimized radiative cooling parts, the binary TiO₂ particles (200 and 400 nm) in the PDMS matrix increase average reflectivity (92.9%) and also obtain high infrared emissivity (94.8%), yielding a temperature reduction of ≈6.8 °C below ambient temperature under solar irradiance (≈709 W m⁻²). This work introduces an effective synergistic energy solution operating under all‐weather conditions in energy‐saving houses, advancing both energy conversion and thermal management for sustainable technologies in future smart cities.

Developing lightweight, green, and flexible wearable electronics with high sensitivity and multifunctional sensing capabilities is of important significance in the field of outdoor sports, such as mountaineering, animal tracking and protection. This work proposes a silk fibroin fibers-based triboelectric nanogenerator (SF-TENG) to harvest tiny energy from human fingertip tapping and act as a self-powered tactile sensor. The SF-TENG adopts a green, efficient, and low-cost fabrication strategy, in which a breathable and electropositive silk fibroin fiber membrane and a silver conductive layer are prepared by electrostatic spinning and magnetron sputtering, and combined with a conductive cloth and a breathable tape to form a flexible sensor that can be attached to a human skin. The thin and soft portable TENG device, having a thickness of only 0.3 mm and a mass of 354 mg at the dimension of 4.5 cm × 4.5 cm, can generate a maximum power density of 1.0 W m^-2. Furthermore, the SF-TENG has excellent sensitivity of 1.767 mV Pa^-1 with good cyclic stability. The superior sensing characteristics provide new avenues for Morse code applications toward outdoor wearable autonomous communication. The proposed SF-TENG offers promising solutions in multi-scenario outdoor sport, human-machine interface interaction, and security systems.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is becoming a sustainable and renewable way of energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing because of low cost, simple structure, and high efficiency. However, the output current of existing TENGs is still low. It is proposed that the output current of TENGs can be dramatically improved if the triboelectric charges can distribute inside the triboelectric layers. Herein, a novel single‐electrode conductive network‐based TENG (CN‐TENG) is developed by introducing a conductive network of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in dielectric triboelectric layer of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). In this CN‐TENG, the contact electrification‐induced charges distribute on both the surface and interior of the dielectric TPU layer. Thus, the short‐circuit current of CN‐TENG improves for 100‐fold, compared with that of traditional dielectric TENG. In addition, this CN‐TENG, even without packing, can work stably in high‐humidity environments and even in the rain, which is another main challenge for conventional TENGs due to charge leakage. Further, this CN‐TENG is applied for the first time, to successfully distinguish conductive and dielectric materials. This work provides a new and effective strategy to fabricate TENGs with high output current and humidity‐resistivity, greatly expanding their practical applications in energy harvesting, movement sensing, human–machine interaction, and so on.

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are promising for chemical/biological sensing and health monitoring due to their signal amplification and low operating voltage. Transconductance and response time are two important parameters for OECTs, determining their sensitivity. However, it is still a great challenge to simultaneously improve the transconductance and decrease the response time of OECTs for more sensitive detection. Herein, a foam-structured PEDOT:PSS film is fabricated for the preparation of a high-performance OECT by using a template washing-off method. The isolated ionic liquid domains are used as the template for fabrication of a foam-structured film. Compared with that of a solid PEDOT:PSS film, the electrical conductivity of the foam-structured PEDOT:PSS film improves from 0.2 to 573.7 S cm⁻¹ and the volumetric capacitance increases five folds to 71.80 F cm⁻³. In addition, the ion doping/de-doping becomes more efficient in the foam-structured PEDOT:PSS film. As a result, the OECT based on this foam-structured PEDOT:PSS demonstrates an increase in transconductance from 90 μS to 18 mS and a decrease in response time from 1000 to 300 millisecond. Due to the improved transconductance and a shortened response time, the OECT exhibits sensitive detection of chemicals and metabolites, such as hydrogen peroxide and glucose. This work provides a new and simple strategy for fabricating high-performance OECTs, which may be used in various wearable applications, including biological detection or health monitoring.

By introducing proton-penetrable Nafion into the channel layer of OECTs, we realize a significant enhancement in transconductance and drop in response time, which are attributed to the promoted ion doping/de-doping of the channel induced by Nafion.

Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is a promising density-based analytical technique with numerous applications. Several MagLev structures with different levels of sensitivity and range have been studied. However, these MagLev structures can seldom satisfy the different performance requirements simultaneously, such as high sensitivity, wide measurement range, and easy operation, which have prevented them from being widely used. In this work, a tunable MagLev system was developed. It is confirmed by numerical simulation and experiments that this system possesses a high resolution down to 10⁻⁷ g/cm³ or even higher compared to the existing systems. Meanwhile, the resolution and range of this tunable system can be adjusted to meet different requirements of measurement. More importantly, this system can be operated simply and conveniently. This bundle of characteristics demonstrates that the novel tunable MagLev system could be handily applied in various density-based analyses on demand, which would greatly expand the ability of MagLev technology.

Real-time chemical and biological sensing in vitro is important for application in health and environmental monitoring. Thus, a more rapid and stable detection method is urgently needed. Herein, an immediate-stable real-time fluorescent immunosensor with a high response speed (∼100%, 4^--triggered in situ immediate-stable fluorogenic reaction between dopamine and orcinol monohydrate to produce azamonardine (DMTM). The obtained DMTM is identified and characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry, ¹H NMR spectroscopy, ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. The present sensor achieves a highly sensitive detection of dopamine (DA) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 nM as well as alkaline phosphates (ALP) with an LOD of 0.1 mU/mL by using orcinol monohydrate phosphate sodium salt as a substrate. As a proof of concept, ALP-triggered fluorescence ELISA using cardiac troponin I (cTnI) as a model antigen target is further constructed. The developed real-time sensor achieves the detection of cTnI with an LOD of 0.05 ng/mL. Moreover, the sensor proposed by us is successfully applied to assess the cTnI level in clinical serum specimens and yields results consistent with those obtained by the commercial ELISA method. The immediate-stable real-time fluorescence immunosensor provides a promising and powerful platform for the trace detection of biomolecules in clinical diagnosis.