Muhammad Saeed Meo

This study investigates the impact of economic globalization, geopolitical risk, and natural resources on carbon emissions (CO 2) in Turkey, while controlling for economic development and renewable energy. The study used annual data from 1970 to 2019 using a quantile-on-quantilebased regularized least squares (QQKRLS) approach. The findings of the study confirm a weak positive association between economic globalization and CO 2 emissions at low and high quantiles, while this association becomes strong at 0.40 to 0.65 quantiles of both variables. The study also confirms an overall positive association between geopolitical risk and CO 2 emissions; however, 15 MANUÁL VYSOKÉ ŠKOLY EKONOMICKÉ V PRAZE

To achieve sustainability and ecological targets, economies worldwide are now paying attention to the role of green production practices (GPP). Against this backdrop, this study aims to analyze the nexus between green practices and various important factors associated with economic growth (ECG). In this regard, the role of digitization, natural resources, and renewable energy is examined for the United States of America (USA) from 1991 to 2021. For robust and sophisticated analysis, we employed the Quantile‐on‐Quantile Kernel Regularized Least Squares (QQKRLS) method to assess the relationships at different quantiles while the Quantile‐on‐Quantile regression method is employed as a robustness check. In addition, Quantile‐on‐Quantile Granger causality (QQGC) is used to check the predictive power of the independent variable over the dependent variables across all quantiles. The key results include: energy security risk (ESR) has a robust positive association with ECG across all quantiles; GPP only shows a significant positive relationship at higher quantiles of both variables; total natural resources (TNR) has an inverse relationship in the upper quantiles with economic growth; low levels of renewable energy consumption (REC) positively impact ECG across all quantiles; and digitalization (DIG) exhibits a weak positive relationship with ECG at medium quantile levels. Furthermore, the QQGC results show that all the independent variables can significantly predict ECG. On the basis of the empirical exercise, some policy recommendations are offered for optimizing energy, natural resource, and digital strategies to achieve sustainable ECG targets for the country.

Despite significant growth, green bonds comprise less than 1% of the conventional bonds market, and more research is needed to determine their role as diversifiers, hedges or safe havens. In compliance. This study examines the co‐movement between green bonds and various financial markets (stocks, commodities, digital currencies, bonds and foreign exchange) before and during COVID‐19, using daily data from 28/11/2008 to 21/3/2022 and using quantile‐based analysis. The findings based on quantile‐on‐quantile regression confirm an asymmetric/non‐linear association between green bonds and other financial markets before COVID‐19, with the association varying depending on market conditions, such as bearish, normal and bullish. During the COVID‐19 period, a robust negative correlation is identified between green bonds and other financial markets, affirming the safe‐haven role of green bonds against broader financial markets. These findings have important policy implications for investors, fund managers and policymakers. For increased diversification, investors in conventional and Islamic equities, commodities, conventional bonds, Sukuk markets, virtual and foreign currency markets can find it advantageous to include green bonds as a protection to downside risk.