Xin Liu

This review establishes multi-component synergy as a new paradigm for biomolecule integration in crystalline porous organic frameworks.

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Cytochrome P450s (P450s), a superfamily of heme-containing enzymes, existed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. P450s can catalyze various regional and stereoselective oxidation reactions, which are widely used in natural product biosynthesis, drug metabolism, and biotechnology. In a typical catalytic cycle, P450s use redox proteins or domains to mediate electron transfer from NAD(P)H to heme iron. Therefore, the main factors determining the catalytic efficiency of P450s include not only the P450s themselves but also their redox-partners and electron transfer pathways. In this review, the electron transfer pathway engineering strategies of the P450s catalytic system are reviewed from four aspects: cofactor regeneration, selection of redox-partners, P450s and redox-partner engineering, and electrochemically or photochemically driven electron transfer.

Lignocellulosic biomass is mainly composed of polysaccharides and lignin. The complexity and diversity of the plant cell wall polymers makes it difficult to isolate the components in pure form for characterization. Many current approaches to analyzing lignocellulose structure, which involve sequential extraction and characterization of the resulting fractions, are time-consuming and labor-intensive. The present study describes a new and facile system for rationally derivatizing and dissolving coarsely ground plant cell wall materials. Using ionic liquids (EmimAc) and dichloroacetyl chloride as a solvent/reagent produced mildly acetylated whole cell walls without significant degradation. The acetylated products were soluble in DMSO-d6 from which they can be characterized by solution-state two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectrometry. A distinct advantage of the procedure is that it realizes the dissolution of whole lignocellulosic materials without requiring harsh ball-milling, thereby allowing the acquisition of high-resolution 2D NMR spectra to revealing structural details of the main components (lignin and polysaccharides). The method is therefore beneficial to understanding the composition and structure of biomass aimed at its improved utilization.