Ana Paula Veras Sobral

Em eleições de dois turnos, o resultado final depende do destino dos votos dos candidatos derrotados, dos votos brancos e nulos e da abstenção. Este artigo estima matrizes de transferência por inferência ecológica, com dados por seção eleitoral das eleições presidenciais de 2014, 2018 e 2022, e as combina em uma previsão probabilística para o segundo turno de 2026, elaborada antes de sua realização. Em três exercícios retrospectivos, que envolvem apenas duas eleições-alvo distintas, o erro absoluto médio nacional do modelo básico foi de 1,11 ponto percentual, contra 3,30 pontos do modelo ingênuo. No modelo final, com encolhimento das estimativas estaduais, o erro nacional foi de 1,24 ponto e o erro médio por unidade da federação caiu de 2,20 para 1,72 pontos. A classificação dos candidatos derrotados acrescenta informação preditiva, sem identificar transferências individuais nem efeitos causais da ideologia. Sob a especificação probabilística adotada, a mediana simulada é de 47,9% dos votos válidos para Lula e de 52,1% para Flávio Bolsonaro, com intervalo condicional de 95% de 44,6% a 51,3% para Lula, que vence em 12,1% das vinte mil simulações. Essa frequência é condicional ao modelo e não constitui uma probabilidade eleitoral validada. Ela varia de 3,6% a 23,5% conforme a escala do choque estrutural e de 2,1% a 20,7% quando uma das eleições históricas é excluída, enquanto a mediana permanece entre 47,1% e 48,5%.

To evaluate the presence of apical periodontitis (AP) and its association with characteristics of the Schneiderian membrane (SM) in cone-beam computed tomography images. The initial sample consisted of 516 tomographic scans comprising 1,032 maxillary sinuses (MS). After applying the eligibility criteria, 142 examinations and 197 MS images were included. Images were evaluated and measured using RadiAnt DICOM viewer software, and each MS was analyzed individually. Parameters assessed included the endodontic status of teeth (treated vs. non-treated), the presence of AP, the root location of the AP, cortical disruption, and SM thickness. Membrane thickness was categorized as normal (< 3 mm) or pathological (≥ 3 mm). Data were compiled in Microsoft Excel and subsequently exported to SPSS for analysis. Contingency tables were constructed for variables associated with membrane thickening, and either the Chi-square test for independence or Fisher’s exact test was applied. The significance threshold was set at 5%. Schneiderian membrane thickening was observed in 43.1% of the 142 examinations. Thickening was more common on the left side (47.9%) and in cases involving a single endodontically treated tooth (44.4%). Prevalence was higher in males (47.8%) and in individuals aged 40–49 years. A significant and positive association was found between SM thickening and both endodontic treatment and the presence of AP ( p = 0.014). Schneiderian membrane thickening is significantly associated with the presence of AP and with the combined presence of endodontic treatment and AP.

This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of thrombi in the oral and maxillofacial region. A cross-sectional study was conducted in nine reference centers for oral and maxillofacial pathology diagnosis in Brazil, from which biopsy records were obtained. The data were analyzed descriptively. A total of 93,036 biopsies from the oral and maxillofacial region were evaluated, 187 (0.2%) of which were diagnosed as thrombi. The highest occurrence was in females, with a mean age of 52.4 ± 17.7 years. The lip was the most frequently affected anatomical location. A clinical diagnostic hypothesis of thrombus was considered in 4.2% of cases. Oral thrombi were uncommon lesions in the studied population, with a higher occurrence among females in the seventh decade of life. This study provides a clinicopathological profile of oral and maxillofacial thrombi and offers information that may assist clinicians in establishing a diagnosis.

Background Chondrosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm characterized by the production of a cartilaginous matrix. Case Report We present the case of a 58-year-old male patient referred to the maxillofacial surgery and traumatology service due to swelling in the posterior region of the right maxilla, with a duration of 8 months, and a previous history of a fibro-osseous lesion in the region. Intraoral examination revealed a rounded lesion with ulceration, firm upon palpation, in the area of teeth 17 and 18. The panoramic radiograph revealed a radiopaque lesion with a flocculated pattern in the right maxilla, and computed tomography showed a hyperdense lesion containing hypodense areas. Histopathological analysis revealed the presence of immature cartilage, with rounded neoplastic cells, nuclei of varied sizes, and intense pleomorphism, leading to a diagnosis of chondrosarcoma. The patient underwent surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and, after one year of follow-up, has shown no signs of recurrence. Conclusions Although rare in gnathic bones, chondrosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of osseous enlargement in this region.

Objectives: This scoping review aimed to investigate the impact of teleconsultation actions on the reduction of unnecessary referrals for specialized in‐person care of oral lesions.Materials and Methods: This review included studies on teleconsultation in oral medicine and oral pathology that presented data on the referral flow for in‐person care. Teleconsultation modalities included synchronous, asynchronous, or unspecified interactions. Excluded from the review were: (1) reviews, clinical cases, letters, chapters, conference abstracts, and editorials; (2) studies on direct teleconsultation between professionals; (3) telemanagement interventions; and (4) tele‐education initiatives.Results: Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. The asynchronous teleconsultation stands out as the most effective intervention for reducing in‐person referrals, observed in eight studies. Referral reductions ranged from 37.3% to 80%, with five studies exceeding 50%. Primary healthcare dentists were the most frequent users of the teleconsultation platform. The most commonly identified lesions found were oral potentially malignant disorders and soft tissue tumors.Conclusion: Asynchronous teleconsultation may reduce referrals for in‐person care, though evidence is limited. Notably, referral rates exhibited significant heterogeneity across studies. Low reduction rates may be attributed to the high proportion of cases requiring in‐person assessment. Future research should focus on optimizing referral reduction while addressing the heterogeneity of outcomes.

Barros AM, et al. Imaging Sci Dent. 2025 Sep;54:e33. https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.20250118

Aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare osteolytic lesion of uncertain etiology, commonly observed in the lower limbs, with only 1–2% of reports in gnathic bones. We present the case of a 27-year-old male patient referred to the oral and maxillofacial surgery and traumatology service due to complaints of paresthesia in the mental region and increased mandibular volume. Physical examination revealed midline shift and hard consistency. Imaging examinations demonstrated a radiolucent/hypodense lesion with disruption of the mandibular cortices. The histopathological examination of incisional biopsy material led to the diagnosis of a central giant cell lesion. The patient underwent surgical resection, and the histopathological analysis of the specimen revealed a predominantly solid lesion, characterized by blood-filled spaces of varying size, not covered by epithelium or endothelium, with the presence of spindle cells, multinucleated giant cells, and basophilic osteoid material, concluding the diagnosis of mixed-type aneurysmal bone cyst. Despite being uncommon, aneurysmal bone cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of volumetric increase in the gnathic bones of young patients.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of botulinum toxin in the salivary glands of patients with neurological impairment and drooling and its impact on the quality of life. Materials and methods This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD 42,023,435,242) and conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. An electronic search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and clinical trial databases until August 2023, no language restriction. Cohort studies and randomized clinical trials of patients diagnosed with drooling and neurological impairment who used botulinum toxin on the salivary gland were included, which evaluated subjective quality of life parameters. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist and Risk of Bias 2 tools. The certainty of the evidence was analyzed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Results Eight studies involving 317 patients were included. All studies, through subjective parameters, suggested the effectiveness of botulinum toxin in reducing drooling, resulting in an improvement in the quality of life. Three studies demonstrated improvements in swallowing and four in cases of respiratory diseases. Two clinical trials had a high risk of bias, whereas one had low risk. The five cohort studies that were evaluated had a high risk of bias. The certainty of the evidence was considered low. Conclusions Based on the patient/caregivers’ perception of improvement in drooling, dysphagia, and respiratory symptoms, it can be inferred that botulinum toxin application reduces subjective drooling in neurologically compromised patients. Its impact contributes to the general well-being and quality of life. Clinical relevance Injection of botulinum toxin into the salivary glands can be considered an alternative technique to surgical or medicinal approaches in reducing drooling. It is effective, less invasive and without significant side effects. It promotes a positive impact on the well-being and quality of life of neurological patients.