Jinjia Wu

The study of tumor nanovaccines (NVs) has gained interest because they specifically recognize and eliminate tumor cells. However, the poor recognition and internalization by dendritic cells (DCs) and insufficient immunogenicity restricted the vaccine efficacy. Herein, we extracted two molecular-weight Astragalus polysaccharides (APS, 12.19 kD; APS_HMw, 135.67 kD) from Radix Astragali and made them self-assemble with OVA_257−264 directly forming OVA/APS integrated nanocomplexes through the microfluidic method. The nanocomplexes were wrapped with a sheddable calcium phosphate layer to improve stability. APS in the formed nanocomplexes served as drug carriers and immune adjuvants for potent tumor immunotherapy. The optimal APS-NVs were approximately 160 nm with uniform size distribution and could remain stable in physiological saline solution. The FITC-OVA in APS-NVs could be effectively taken up by DCs, and APS-NVs could stimulate the maturation of DCs, improving the antigen cross-presentation efficiency in vitro. The possible mechanism was that APS can induce DC activation via multiple receptors such as dectin-1 and Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Enhanced accumulation of APS-NVs both in draining and distal lymph nodes were observed following s.c. injection. Smaller APS-NVs could easily access the lymph nodes. Furthermore, APS-NVs could markedly promote antigen delivery efficiency to DCs and activate cytotoxic T cells. In addition, APS-NVs achieve a better antitumor effect in established B16-OVA melanoma tumors compared with the OVA+Alum treatment group. The antitumor mechanism correlated with the increase in cytotoxic T cells in the tumor region. Subsequently, the poor tumor inhibitory effect of APS-NVs on the nude mouse model of melanoma also confirmed the participation of antitumor adaptive immune response induced by NVs. Therefore, this study developed a promising APS-based tumor NV that is an efficient tumor immunotherapy without systemic side effects.

The vision of the personnel in the ship command room determines the use efficiency of the command room to a certain extent. Different types of ships and command rooms have different targets. In order to obtain better vision conditions, it is necessary to reasonably design the form of the command room and the layout position on the whole ship when designing the general layout of the ship. In this paper, a visual field evaluation and analysis method based on virtual ray for dynamic conditions is proposed to optimize the layout of ship command room. Firstly, in Unity3D, according to the relevant specifications, the visual field rays of the simulation personnel are dispersed, and the dynamic simulation scene is established for the target working conditions of the command room. Secondly, the effectiveness of various visual targets in the scene is scored for various working conditions, and a comprehensive evaluation model of visual field under all working conditions is established. Finally, the simulation evaluation and analysis of the personnel vision of the aviation command room layout with different occlusion forms at different positions of the ship are carried out. The results show that the layout of the target ship 's aviation command tower is the best near the original height of the navigation bridge, the half-occlusion command room is better, and the completely transparent command room has no obvious advantage over the half-occlusion view. The research shows that the visual field dynamic analysis method based on virtual ray has better dynamic process visual field simulation effect and can be used for the layout optimization of ship command room.

The theme of global sustainable development has changed from environmental management to climate governance, and relevant policies on climate governance urgently need to be implemented by the public. The public understanding of climate change has become the prerequisite and basis for implementing various climate change policies. In order to explore the affected factors of climate change perception among Chinese residents, this study was conducted across 31 provinces and regions of China through field household surveys and interviews. Combined with the residents’ perception of climate change with the possible affected factors, the related factors affecting Chinese residents’ perception of climate change were explored. The results show that the perceptive level of climate change of Chinese residents is related to the education level and the household size of residents. Improving public awareness of climate change risk in the context of climate change through multiple channels will also help to improve residents’ awareness of climate change. On the premise of improving the level of national education, improving education on climate change in school education and raising awareness of climate change risk among dependents will help to improve the level of Chinese residents’ awareness of climate change, which could be instrumental in promoting public participation in climate change mitigation and adaptation actions.