Onur Tatli

Effects of nano-selenium (nano-Se) and stocking density (SD) on growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality, and feathering score of broilers were investigated in this study. One-day-old 480 broiler chickens (45.32.4 g body weight) (Ross 308) were randomly divided into 4 treatments each comprising of 8 replicates. In the experiment, treatments consisted of a 2  2 factorial arrangement of dietary Se form (inorganic or nano) and SD (low = 12 birds/m2; LSD, and high = 18 birds/m2; HSD). No interaction was noted between Se form and SD for any trait. Nano-Se had no effect on growth performance, however, HSD decreased the body weight gain (BWG) (P0.05) and feed intake (FI) (P0.001) while feed conversion ratio (FCR) was unaffected. Neither nano-Se nor HSD had any effect on the relative carcass, breast, and thigh yields. Nano-Se improved the water-holding capacity (WHC) of breast meat 72-hpost-mortem (P0.05). However, pH, colour, and cooking loss of meat remained unaffected by Se form or SD. There were no differences between nano- or inorganic Se and LSD or HSD regarding feathering scores for back and wing. In conclusion, dietary nano-Se improved the WHC and had no significant effect on other parameters. In addition, HSD may negatively affect the growth performance.

1. Effects of the incidence of white striping (WS) in relation to carcass weights and yields, breast meat quality and composition, serum biochemistry and oxidant/antioxidant status of breast meat in broiler chickens were investigated. 2. The study consisted of 180, one-d-old male broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal-based starter, grower, finisher and withdrawal diets identical to commercial chicken diets. On d 49, all the birds were slaughtered and breast fillets were visually scored for the incidence of WS. Breast meat and blood samples were collected and categorised based on the presence or absence of WS. 3. The study revealed greater slaughter weight, carcass and breast fillet weights and yields, lower pH_u and higher cooking loss of breast meat with WS lesions (P<0.05). WS-affected breast fillets had greater fat and lower crude protein contents in comparison with normal meat (P<0.001). Serum creatine kinase levels were greater in broilers with WS (P=0.011), whereas oxidant/antioxidant status of breast meat remained unaffected. 4. Taken together, the presence of WS on breast muscle altered the quality and nutrient composition of breast fillets and serum creatine kinase levels in broiler chickens fed diets based on corn-soybean meal. Nevertheless, WS was more common in heavier broilers having higher breast weight and yield.

1. This experiment determined the effect of increasing mobility in broiler chickens by placing barrier perches between feeders and drinkers. In addition, the limitation of early weight gain by dietary energy and protein dilution on some welfare parameters, tibiotarsus measurements, fear and mobility level was examined. 2. A total of 504 male, one-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to four treatments with three replicate pens per treatment and 42 broiler chickens per pen as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments included feeding the basal control diet between 0–42 days or a diet diluted by 10% energy and 20% crude protein fed between 0–21 d, with the control diet fed between 22–42 d. The second factor was the presence or absence of barrier perches. All treatments were allocated as a completely randomised design. Welfare parameters (foot pad dermatitis, hock burn, gait score, feather score, breast blister), tibiotarsus measurements (bone mineral content, bone mineral density, fluctuating asymmetry and relative fluctuating asymmetry), tonic immobility and mobility level were recorded. 3. Results showed that access to a barrier perch and the diluted diet increased the mobility in broiler chickens. However, access to a barrier perch had no significant effect on tibiotarsus and welfare parameters. Broiler chickens had better gait scores (P < 0.05) and lower foot pad dermatitis incidence (P < 0.01) in groups fed the diluted diet. The diluted diet had no significant effect on bone mineral density but reduced the tibiotarsus bone mineral content (P < 0.05). 4. In conclusion, the diluted diet provided positive effects in terms of leg health due to weight gain limitations in the early period, thus improving broiler chicken welfare.

Yapılan bu araştırmada, damızlık bıldırcın rasyonlarına gereksinim düzeyini (60 mg/kg) sağlayacak şekilde nano çinko oksit katılmasının (46 mg/kg) yumurta verimi, canlı ağırlık, yumurta kalite özellikleri, sperm kalitesi, kuluçka parametreleri ve karaciğer üzerine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada 20 erkek ve 80 dişi olmak üzere toplam 100 adet bıldırcın (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) kullanılmış, 10 haftalık yaşta olan hayvanlar kontrol ve deneme olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmış ve her grupta her biri bir erkek dört dişi içeren 10’ar adet alt grup oluşturulmuştur. 10 hafta sürdürülen deneme sonunda, damızlık bıldırcın rasyonlarına nano çinko oksit katılmasının canlı ağırlık, yem tüketimi ve yumurta verimi üzerine herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Yumurta kalite özellikleri bakımından ise rasyona nano çinko oksit katılmasının yumurta sarısı rengi üzerinde önemli düzeyde (P<0.001) azalma meydana getirdiği, diğer parametrelerin ise etkilenmediği görülmüştür. Sperm morfolojik bozukluk oranları ele alındığında değerlerin birbirlerine yakın olduğu gözlenmiş, kontrol ve deneme grubunda sırasıyla %32.2 ve 30.0 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Rasyona katılan nano çinkonun döllülük oranı üzerine olumlu etkisinin olduğu (P<0.001), ancak yumurtadan çıkış oranında düşüş (P<0.05) meydana getirdiği ve erken embriyonik ölüm oranını artırdığı (P<0.05) tespit edilmiştir. Karaciğer dokusunda yapılan histopatolojik değerlendirmede nano çinko oksit katılan grupta karaciğerde şiddetli düzeyde yağlanma meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; önerilen düzeyde nano çinko oksit katılmasının performans üzerine etkisinin olmadığı, sarı rengi, çıkım ve erken embriyonik ölüm oranı ile karaciğer üzerine olumsuz etkilerinin olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

En tr This study was conducted to determine the effects of using nano selenium (Se) on breeding quail rations on reproductive performance, weight gain, egg quality, sperm quality, hatching parameters and liver. A total of 80 (20 males and 60 females), 10 week old quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) were used in the study. The animals were divided into two groups as control (K - inorganic sodium selenite) and experiment (D - nano sodium selenite) with 10 replicates each having one male and three female. The use of nano Se does not have any significant effect on productive performance, weight gain and feed consumption. However, it decreased the egg weight (P < 0.01) and the yellow color (P < 0.05) and, increased the shell weight (P < 0.001), Haugh unit and shell index (P < 0.01). No significant effect was determined in the shell thickness. Nano Se increased head defects (P < 0.05) in spermatozoa but did not affect other morphological parameters. Nano Se decreased the fertility and hatchability of total eggs (P < 0.05), while other hatching parameters were not affected. Histopathologically the hepatic changes in experiment group were characterized by fat vacuoles. As a result, the use of 0.2 mg/kg nano Se in breeding quail rations generally has a negative effect. For this reason nano Se may be recommended to use at lower levels. Bu çalışma damızlık bıldırcın rasyonlarında nano selenyum (Se) kullanılmasının verim, canlı ağırlık artışı, yumurta kalite özellikleri, sperm kalitesi, kuluçka parametreleri ve karaciğer üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada 20 erkek ve 60 dişi olmak üzere toplam 80 adet 10 haftalık yaşta bıldırcın (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) kullanılmıştır. Hayvanlar kontrol (K - inorganik sodyum selenit) ve deneme (D - nano sodyum selenit) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmış, her grup altında da her biri bir (1) erkek üç (3) dişi içeren 10 adet alt grup oluşturulmuştur. Nano Se kullanılması verim, canlı ağırlık ve yem tüketimi üzerine herhangi bir önemli etki oluşturmamıştır. Ancak yumurta ağırlığı (P < 0.01) ve sarı rengini (P < 0,05) azaltırken, kabuk ağırlığı (P < 0.001), Haugh birimi ve kabuk indeksini (P < 0.01) artırdığı görülmüştür. Kabuk kalınlığında ise herhangi bir önemli etki belirlenmemiştir. Nano Se kullanımı spermatozoalarda başa bağlı bozukluk oranını artırmış (P < 0.05) ancak diğer morfolojik parametreleri etkilememiştir. Nano Se döllülük oranı ve kuluçka randımanını önemli düzeyde (P < 0.05) düşürmüş, diğer kuluçka parametrelerini ise etkilememiştir. Histopatolojik olarak deneme grubundaki karaciğerlerde yağ vakuolleri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, rasyonlarda 0.2 mg/kg nano Se’nin kullanılması genel olarak olumsuz bir etki oluşturmuştur. Bu nedenle daha düşük düzeylerde kullanılması önerilebilir.

The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of different levels of dietary phytogenic feed additive (PFA) on growth performance, caecal microbiota, and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 480 Ross-308 one-day-old male broilers chicks (body weight 43±3 g) were randomly assigned to 32 replicate pens of four experimental groups, each experimental group consisting of 8 replicates (each replicate pen consisting of 15 chicks). A basal diet was formulated based on corn and soybean meal that was fed to the control group. Other dietary treatments received a commercial PFA at 100 mg/kg (PFA100), 125 mg/kg (PFA125), and 150 mg/kg (PFA150). Body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion rate of broilers were recorded on 1-21, 22-42, and 1-42 days of age. One bird was slaughtered on the 21^st and 42^nd days and caecal contents were aseptically collected. Jejunal tissue samples were also collected on the same days. Total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and lactobacilli were counted in the caecal contents. Villus height, villus diameter, crypt depth, muscular thickness, and goblet cell number per villus were recorded. There was no difference among the dietary treatments for growth performance and caecal microbe populations at any phase. However, the dietary PFA supplementation increased the villus height, villus width, muscularis thickness, and reduced the crypt depth and goblet cell number per villus in broilers compared to those fed control diets. In conclusion, this study suggests that dietary supplementation of a PFA consisting of blend of different spices and essential oils did not improve growth performance and caecal microbial populations despite a positive improvement in the jejunal morphometry of broilers.