Sadullah Kaya

Calcium silicate-based cements are hydraulic biomaterials that form a calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel during hydration, a process fundamental to their setting and progressive physicochemical development. Although these materials are widely used in vital pulp therapy, evidence regarding the effects of adhesive strategy and restoration timing on bonding performance, particularly for newer premixed formulations, remains limited. This study evaluated the effects of cement type, adhesive strategy, and restoration timing on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin composite bonded to MTA Angelus and Well-Root PT. A total of 270 specimens were distributed across two cement types, three adhesive strategies, and three restoration intervals (45 min, 24 h, and 7 days). After thermocycling, SBS and failure modes were assessed. SBS data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA, whereas failure-mode distributions were evaluated using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests (α = 0.05). Cement type, adhesive strategy, restoration timing, and their interactions significantly influenced SBS (p < 0.001). Well-Root PT exhibited higher early bond strength than MTA Angelus. The two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive produced the highest SBS values, whereas the universal adhesive produced the lowest. Restoration after 24 h significantly increased SBS compared with restoration after 45 min, with no additional improvement observed at 7 days. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, bonding performance was influenced by cement type, adhesive strategy, and restoration timing. The time-dependent increase in SBS is consistent with continued hydration and development of the C-S-H gel-based cement matrix, although the specific microstructural changes underlying this behavior were not directly characterized.

Bioceramic sealers have attracted increasing attention in endodontics due to their potential biological and physicochemical properties, including bioactivity, ion release and possible chemical interaction with dentin. These materials have been suggested to support mineralisation, may contribute to sealing performance and exhibit antimicrobial effects associated with alkaline pH and calcium ion release. Compared with conventional sealers, such as epoxy resin– and zinc oxide–eugenol–based materials, bioceramic sealers may offer certain advantages in terms of biocompatibility and bioactivity; however, their performance appears to vary depending on material composition and experimental conditions. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the chemical and physical properties of bioceramic sealers, with particular emphasis on their bonding mechanisms and biological effects. However, the available evidence is largely derived from in vitro and preclinical studies; therefore, the findings should be interpreted with caution.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has gained increasing attention as a restorative material for endocrown fabrication because of its favorable biomechanical properties and dentin-like elastic modulus. However, its low surface energy and chemically inert structure may compromise adhesive bonding to resin cements. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different surface treatment protocols on the pull-out bond strength of PEEK endocrowns. Sixty extracted sound human molars were used in this study. Standard endodontic access cavities were prepared for all teeth and root canal treatment was completed following a uniform clinical protocol. After endodontic therapy, the required occlusal preparations for endocrown restorations were performed. The prepared teeth were scanned using an intraoral scanner and PEEK endocrowns were fabricated for each specimen using a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system. The endocrowns were then randomly allocated to four groups according to the surface treatment protocol: Group C (Control), no surface treatment was applied; Group T, tribochemical silica coating followed by silanization; Group S, sandblasting followed by the application of a methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based primer (Visio.link^®, Bredent GmbH, Germany); and Group L, Er: YAG laser treatment. All endocrowns were cemented to the prepared teeth using dual-cure resin cement according to the manufacturer's instructions. After cementation, the specimens were subjected to thermal aging. Subsequently, the samples were mounted on a universal testing machine, and pull-out tests were performed to determine their bond strengths. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Surface treatment protocols significantly affected pull-out bond strength (p < 0.001). The highest bond strength was observed in the tribochemical silica coating + silane group, followed by the sandblasting + MMA primer group, with no significant difference between them (p > 0.05). The laser-treated group showed significantly higher values than the control group but significantly lower values than both chemically treated groups (p < 0.05). The untreated control group exhibited the lowest bond strength. Surface treatment significantly improves the bonding performance of PEEK endocrowns. Protocols combining micromechanical roughening with chemical priming provided the most favorable bond strength values and may represent more reliable options for adhesive cementation of PEEK restorations.

This study evaluated four file systems (WaveOne Gold, Reciproc Blue, ProTaper Next and TruNatomy) for their shaping efficacy in oval‐shaped maxillary premolar root canals using micro‐CT. Twenty‐four extracted premolars, each with two roots, were randomly divided into four groups ( n = 6 teeth/group) and instrumented following manufacturer guidelines. Pre‐ and post‐instrumentation micro‐CT scans were performed. Key parameters analysed included unprepared canal surface area (% Un‐PrepCA), changes in canal area and volume (ΔCA, ΔCV and their percentages), canal transportation and centring ability. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. While no significant differences were found in transportation, centring ability or most 3D parameters (ΔCA, ΔCV and ΔSMI), the TRN group exhibited a significantly higher % Un‐PrepCA. Conversely, the WOG group achieved a significantly greater % ΔCA compared to TRN and PTN. All systems performed comparably without procedural errors; TRN resulted in the least canal wall contact, while WOG provided the largest prepared canal area.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of the TruNatomy and ProTaper Next file systems, which work rotational movements, and Reciproc and WaveOne Gold file systems, which work reciprocal movements. Methods: ProTaper Next X2 (25/.06), WaveOne Gold Primary (25/.07), Reciproc R25 (25/.08), and TruNatomy Prime (26/.04) files were used in the cyclic fatigue test. Four groups, 15 files from each group and a total of 60 files, were rotated in an artificial canal made of curved stainless steel with a curvature angle of 60 degrees, an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, and a radius of curvature of 3 mm. The breaking times of the files were determined with a digital stopwatch, and this value was converted into the number of cycles until breaking. Compliance with normal distribution was examined with the Shapiro‒Wilk test. The number of cycles until fracture for the respective files, which did not follow a normal distribution, were compared using the Kruskal‒Wallis test and multiple comparisons were made with the Dunn test. The analysis results were presented as mean ± standard deviation and median (minimum-maximum). The significance level was taken as p<0.050. Results: While the TruNatomy system had the highest number of cycles until fracture occurred, no statistically significant difference was found between the Reciproc and WaveOne Gold systems. The ProTaper Next system showed the lowest cyclic fatigue resistance. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present in vitro study, TruNatomy, which makes rotational motion, showed the best cyclic fatigue resistance. The ProTaper Next system was the file with the lowest cyclic fatigue resistance. Obtaining similar results for files produced in different shapes and with different movement kinematics allowed us to conclude that cyclic fatigue is multifactorial. How to cite this article: Akın Tartuk G, Kaya S, Al Tai TN. Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of different rotational and reciprocal file systems. J Med Dent Invest 2024;5:e240347. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e240347

Amaç: Kalsifiye dişlerde kanal tedavisi yapmak zordur. Kalsifikasyon tam veya kısmi olabilir. Genellikle Pulpa kalsifikasyonu 200 μm'den küçük olduğunda ve yeterli mineralizasyon göstermediğinde radyolojik olarak tespit etmek mümkün değildir. Bu çalışmada, retrospektif konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntülerinin değerlendirilmesiyle alt ve üst çene kesici dişlerde pulpa kalsifikasyon sıklığının saptanması ve kalsifikasyon ile yaş, cinsiyet, diş grubu ve yer aldığı çeneye göre aralarındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Dicle Üniversitesi Oral Diagnoz ve Radyoloji Ana Bilim Dalına başvuran rastgele seçilmiş 501 hastanın tomografisi incelendi. Değerlendirme 2 tekrarlı olarak 2 endodontist tarafından bağımsız olarak yapıldı ve ortak fikir birliğine göre sınıflandırıldı. Hastaların demografik bilgilerini içermeyen, artefaktlı ve görüntü kalitesi düşük tomografiler çalışmaya dâhil edilmedi. Değerlendirmeye alınan hastaların yaş aralığı Grup 1: 16-30, Grup 2: 31-50 ve Grup 3: 51 ve üzeri olarak sınıflandırıldı. Gruplar arasındaki farklar incelenirken değişkenler normal dağılımdan gelmiyorsa grupların ikili karşılaştırmalarında Mann-Whitney U testi uygulandı. Nominal değişkenlerin grupları arasındaki ilişkileri incelenirken ki-kare analizi uygulandı. Bulgular: 501 hastanın 26'sında kalsifiye dişe rastlandı. Diş bazında ise incelenen 3.228 dişten 57'sinde kalsifikasyon görüldü. Kalsifikasyon görülme sıklığı bakımından çene ve yaş grubu arasında anlamlı fark bulunurken (p0,05). Sonuç: Dişler arasında kalsifikasyon en çok mandibular santral kesici dişlerde saptandı.

Aim: The amount of root dentin erosion caused by Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), Glycolic acid (GA), and Etidronic acid (HEDP) solutions applied with sonic activation (SA) for 1 and 3 minutes during the final irrigation was evaluated in this in vitro study. Methods: Using 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl irrigation solution in each sample, 70 mandibular premolars were enlarged with the Reciproc R25 rotary instrument system. The samples were randomly divided according to the final irrigation protocol into 6 experimental groups (n:10) and 1 control group (n:10): Group 1 (17% EDTA – 1 min SA), Group 2 (17% EDTA – 3 min SA), Group 3 (10% GA – 1 min SA), Group 4 (10% GA – 3 min SA), Group 5 (18% HEDP – 1 min SA), Group 1 (18% HEDP – 3 min SA) and Group 7 (Negative control group-distilled water, 1 min SA). The teeth were divided into two parts longitudinally after the final irrigation protocol. A low vacuum scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to image the samples’ coronal, middle, and apical root areas at x2000 magnification. Samples were evaluated using a triple-scoring system. Results: Data were analyzed by Shapiro Wilk, Kruskal Wallis H, Mann-Whitney U, and Dunn’s tests. There was no statistically significant difference between EDTA, GA, and HEDP in both periods (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We saw similar amounts of erosion in dentin in 1 and 3 minutes of chelation applications for all chelators. Considering the smear removal efficiency of chelators, there is no harm in increasing the time in terms of erosion. There is a need for studies on the clinical applicability of chelation with a different duration time. How to cite this article: Okumuş ÖF, Kaya S, Adıgüzel Ö, Yeniçeri Özata M. Evaluation of time exposure of different irrigation agents on radicular dentin erosion. J Med Dent Invest 2022;3:e221170. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e221170 Linguistic revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English. Checked for plagiarism: Yes

Kök kanal sisteminin; temizlenmesi, şekillendirilmesi ve doldurulması başarılı kök kanal tedavisi için en önemli faktörlerdir. Mandibular premolar dişler genellikle tek kök, tek kanal anatomisine sahiptir. Bu dişlerde farklı kök kanal anatomisinin olması nadir görülmektedir. Farklı açılardan çekilen periapikal filmler ya da dental volümetrik bilgisayarlı tomografi kullanımıyla ilave kanallar teşhis edilebilir. Ayrıca endodontik giriş kavitesi hazırlanması sonrası pulpa tabanının dikkatli bir şekilde incelenmesi, büyütmeyi sağlayan araçların kullanımı, gözden kaçabilecek ekstra kanalların teşhisini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu olgu sunumu serisinde nadir görülen farklı kök kanal anatomisine sahip mandibular premolar dişlerin endodontik tedavisi anlatılmaktadır.

Aim: To compare the amount of apically extruded debris using Reciproc (R25) file with different reciprocal angles. Methodology: In this research, 60 extracted mandibular premolars with a single root, a single canal, and a single apical foramen were used. Specimens, the working length of which was determined by a stainless steel 10-K file, were randomly distributed into three experimental groups (n = 20) as follows: Group 1 150° counterclockwise (CCW)-30° clockwise (CW); Group 2 180° CCW-60° CW; and Group 3 210° CCW-90° CW. For the irrigation, 10 mL of distilled water was administered via syringe pump. The extruded debris was collected into Eppendorf tubes tared in advance. The distribution of data was analyzed using a Shapiro-Wilk test. A Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for statistical analysis. The null hypothesis is no significant difference between the groups in terms of the amount of apical extrusion of debris. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with regard to amount of apical extrusion of debris (p>0.05). Nevertheless, the highest average amount of extrusion of debris was detected in group 1, and the lowest in group 3. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, different reciprocal angles during chemomechanical preparation has no significant effect on the amount of apical extrusion of debris. How to cite this article: Çelik N, Kaya S, Adıgüzel Ö. Comparing the effect of Reciproc R25 rotary file system on the amount of apical extrusion of debris via using it with different reciprocal angles. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):63-6. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.10 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy of the Root ZX Mini, Raypex 6, E-Pex Pro, and Propex Pixi electronic apex locators by changing the initial cleaning solutions (NaOCl vs. EDTA). Methodology: Eighty mandibular premolar teeth were used. Radiographs were obtained from the mesio-distal and bucco-lingual angles for all teeth, and teeth with suspected external or internal root resorption and/or calcified canals were not included in the study. The true canal lengths of the teeth were determined with a precision of 0.01 mm with a stereomicroscope at x5 magnification by placing a #20 K-type canal file into the root canal. The samples were then embedded in freshly mixed alginate blocks up to the cemento-enamel junction. The coronal 1/3 was pre-enlarged with a Protaper SX instrument. Electronic apex finders (Root ZX Mini, Raypex 6, E-Pex Pro, Propex Pixi) specified on each tooth were used, and measurements were made by changing the initial solutions (NaOCl vs. EDTA). Distilled water was used between application of 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA to prevent chemical interactions. Three measurements were taken for each tooth, and the average of these 3 measurements was taken as reference. The data obtained in this study were analyzed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the solutions in terms of the measurement values and actual length values found by each device (p>0.05). Although there were no statistically significant differences, the deviation from the actual measurement was greater when EDTA solution was used than when NaOCl solution was used. In addition, although the difference was not found to be statistically significant, the deviation from the actual measurement was found to be highest when the Root ZX mini device was used with NaOCl and EDTA solution. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the difference in the initial washing solutions did not affect the EAL devices in making measurements close to the true length. How to cite this article: Tellioğlu Avcı GR, Kaya S Comparison of the accuracy of different electronic apex locators used in working length determination via changing of initial cleaning solutions. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):56-62. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.9 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.