Nimesh B. Patel

Many cross-sectional studies have examined associations between parents’ and children’s movement behaviours, focusing on single behaviours, despite these behaviours being interdependent. This longitudinal study examined associations between parents’ and children’s adherence to the Canadian 24 h movement guidelines. An online national survey was conducted with parents of 7–12-year-olds ( N = 2257; 51.6% boys) in December 2020, and every 6 months until June 2022 (four waves). Multinomial regression models embedded in generalized estimating equations were used to model associations between changes in parents’ adherence to the guidelines, perceived behavioural control (PBC) to support their child’s movement behaviours, and changes in children’s adherence to the guidelines at each wave. The final model was adjusted for age, child and parent gender, household income, immigration status, and study wave. Across all waves, over two-thirds of parents and children did not meet the guidelines. Accordingly, maintaining nonadherence was used as the reference group. Children whose parents maintained adherence were more likely to maintain adherence (odds ratio (OR) = 3.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.80–5.85) and to change from adherence to nonadherence (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.32–3.71). Children whose parents shifted from nonadherence to adherence were more likely to maintain adherence (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.15–2.88), shift from adherence to nonadherence (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.25–2.92), and from nonadherence to adherence (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.41–2.96). Each unit increase in parental PBC was associated with higher odds of children maintaining adherence (OR = 3.80, 95% CI: 2.27–6.36). These findings support the importance of parental role-modelling and PBC to support their child’s movement behaviours, suggesting a need for family-based interventions.

Asian men may be more susceptible to stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness and treatment due to the gendered and cultural expectations created by society, compared to Asian women. This may result in an internalization of devaluing beliefs and discriminatory attitudes towards others affected by mental illness and can delay or prevent this population from seeking professional help. In this randomized control trial (RCT), data from 428 Asian men from Vancouver, Canada were used to examine Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT), Contact-based Empowerment and Education (CEE), and ACT + CEE. Data were collected at pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, 3 months post-intervention, and 6 months post-intervention using the ISMI and the CAMI scales to assess self and social stigma. Repeated measures ANOVA were performed to determine if there was a significant interaction between the intervention and multiple time points on ISMI and CAMI scores. Linear mixed effects models were performed on ISMI and CAMI composite scores to control for confounding. No significant differences in ISMI scores were seen across all time points for all interventions. Significant reduction in CAMI scores were seen for the CEE intervention up to 3 months, suggesting that effects of the intervention were short-lived.

The role of infrastructure in encouraging transportation cycling in smaller cities with a low prevalence of cycling remains unclear. To investigate the relationship between the presence of infrastructure and transportation cycling in a small city (Lethbridge, AB, Canada), we interviewed 246 adults along a recently-constructed bicycle boulevard and two comparison streets with no recent changes in cycling infrastructure. One comparison street had a separate multi-use path and the other had no cycling infrastructure. Questions addressed time spent cycling in the past week and 2 years prior and potential socio-demographic and psychosocial correlates of cycling, including safety concerns. Finally, we asked participants what could be done to make cycling safer and more attractive. We examined predictors of cycling using gender-stratified generalized linear models. Women interviewed along the street with a separate path reported cycling more than women on the other streets. A more favorable attitude towards cycling and greater habit strength were associated with more cycling in both men and women. Qualitative data revealed generally positive views about the bicycle boulevard, a need for education about sharing the road and for better cycling infrastructure in general. Our results suggest that, even in smaller cities, cycling infrastructure may encourage cycling, especially among women.

Background: Tobacco use, alcohol use, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption are each associated with increased cancer-risk. Psychological trauma is a common experience and a key driver of these behaviours among adults. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of trauma-informed yoga, drumming, and psychoeducation compared to control on tobacco use, alcohol use, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among community-based adults. Secondary aims are to evaluate the effect of these interventions compared to control on psychological and physiological stress symptomology, social connection, and coping behaviour. Methods: Recruitment for this single-blinded randomized trial began in April 2019 in the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Lethbridge. Adults who consumed tobacco, alcohol, or sugar-sweetened beverages in the past month and live in Lethbridge, Alberta are being recruited using ads placed in public spaces. Participants are randomly allocated to a 12-session group yoga class, 12-session group drumming class, a 12-session psychoeducation class, or control. Participants attend an appointment in-person to fill out an online questionnaire package, provide a saliva sample, and complete physical measures pre-intervention, and 1-month and 6-months post-intervention. Discussion: This study provides a unique opportunity to compare the impacts of two trauma-informed body-based interventions to psychoeducation and control for cancer-risk behaviour among community-based adults. The findings can be used to develop trauma-informed group interventions to reduce cancer-risk behaviour in general populations. Results are expected in 2022. Trial registration: This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ISRCTN15583681 on 22 August 2019 (retrospectively registered).

Mercury is toxic to the developing brain, but the lowest concentration associated with the development of behavior problems is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between very low-level mercury exposure during fetal development and behavior problems in children. We used data from 389 mothers and children in a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort study. We defined mean prenatal mercury concentration as the mean of total whole blood mercury concentrations in maternal samples collected at 16- and 26-weeks of gestation, delivery, and neonatal cord blood samples. We assessed parent-reported child behavior up to five times from two to 8 years of age using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC-2). At 8 years of age, we assessed self-reported child anxiety using the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS). We used multiple linear mixed models and linear regression models to estimate the association between mean prenatal mercury concentrations and child behavior and anxiety, respectively. The median prenatal total blood mercury concentrations was 0.67 μg/L. Overall, we did not find statistically significant associations between mean prenatal mercury concentrations and behavior problems scores, but a 2-fold increase in mercury concentrations at 16-weeks gestation was associated with 0.83 point (95% CI: 0.05, 1.62) higher BASC-2 anxiety scores. Maternal and cord blood mercury concentrations at delivery were associated with parent-reported anxiety at 8 years. We found limited evidence of an association between very-low level prenatal mercury exposure and behaviors in children, with an exception of anxiety.

Background: Due to racism, xenophobic nationalism, acculturation pressures and patriarchal social relations, Asian men in Western societies may be particularly susceptible to negative experiences and beliefs regarding mental illness and treatment services. Aims: We examine factors associated with stigma toward mental illness among Asian men in Canada. Methods: Between 2013 and 2017, 428 self-identified Asian men living in proximity to Vancouver, Canada, were recruited and completed self-administered questionnaires assessing social stigma and self-stigma. The degree to which these variables were associated with the men’s sociodemographic characteristics was analyzed. Results: Multivariable regression revealed that social stigma was significantly predicted by age, immigration, employment status and experience with mental illness. Together, these variables accounted for 12.36% of variance in social stigma. Interaction terms were added to the regression models to examine whether the effects of immigration on social stigma varied by age and experience with mental illness, but none of the interaction terms were statistically significant. Among the 94 Asian men identified as living with mental illness, self-stigma was predicted by age, immigration and employment status, which together accounted for 14.97% of variance in self-stigma. Conclusion: These results offer new knowledge about the factors predicting stigma toward mental illness among Asian men in Western societies.