J. Jesus de Santiago-Perez

Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable seizures, poses significant risks of injury and compromises patient quality of life. The accurate forecasting of seizures is paramount for enabling timely interventions and improving safety. Since the 1970s, research has increasingly focused on analyzing bioelectrical signals for this purpose. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), has emerged as a powerful tool for seizure prediction. This review, conducted by PRISMA guidelines, analyzes studies from 2020 to August 2025. It explores the evolution from traditional ML classifiers toward advanced DL architecture, including convolutional and recurrent neural networks and transformer-based frameworks, applied to bioelectrical signals. While these approaches show promising performance, significant challenges persist in patient generalization, standardized evaluation, and clinical validation. This review synthesizes current advancements, provides a critical analysis of methodological limitations, and outlines future directions for developing robust, clinically relevant seizure prediction systems to enhance patient autonomy and outcomes.

Time-frequency analysis is commonly used for fault detection in induction motors. A variety of signal decomposition techniques have been proposed in the literature, such as Wavelet transform, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC), among others. They have been successfully used in many works related with the topic. Nevertheless, the studied signals present amplitude changes and chirp-type frequency components that are difficult to track and isolate with the aforementioned techniques. The contribution of this work is the introduction of a novel technique for time-frequency signal decomposition that is based on an adaptive band-pass filter and the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT), namely Fourier-Based Adaptive Signal Decomposition (FBASD) method. This method is capable of tracking and extracting nonstationary time-frequency components within a user-selected frequency band. With these components, a methodology for detecting and classifying broken rotor bars in induction motors using the startup transient current is also proposed.

The induction motor (IM) is one of the most important elements in industry. Although IMs are robust machines, they are susceptible to faults, where the stator winding short-circuit fault is one of the most common ones. In this work, the Shannon entropy (SE) index and a fuzzy logic (FL) system are proposed to diagnose short-circuit faults, considering both different severity levels and different load conditions. In the proposed methodology, a filtering stage based on brick-wall band-pass filters is firstly carried out. After this stage, the SE index is computed to quantify the fault severity and a FL system is applied to diagnose the IM condition in an automatic way. Unlike other works that propose some types of space transformations, the proposal is only based on a filtering stage and a time domain index, requiring low computational resources. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposal, i.e., the SE index quantifies the fault severity, regardless of the mechanical load, and the proposed FL system achieves a positive classification rate of 98%.

Motion controllers are widely used in many mechatronic applications such as computer numerically controlled machine tools and robots. These applications demand the use of high performance controllers. Some desirable characteristics in motion controllers are coordinated multi-axis control, smooth movements, and advanced interpolation methods. An important manufacturing aspect involves the production of a workpiece in a free form or using the parametric surfaces in modern computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing systems. The use of parametric curves and surfaces has become standard due to their ability to represent objects having complex surfaces with less data. Another mandatory characteristic of motion controllers is the real-time operation. The contribution of the present work is the design and implementation of a hardware–software system for multi-axis motion control featuring non uniform rational B-splines interpolation. Advantages over other reported works are the hardware implementation which allows the application to real computer numerically controlled machines; also the parallel processing permits the incorporation of additional modules to form an integral system without dependence on external devices. Two experiments were carried out in a retrofitted-to-computer numeric control milling machine in order to show the efficiency of the developed system.

The industrial sector manifests the necessity of a flexible, efficient and reconfigurable platform to attend the diverse applications in mechatronics. The main difficulty to work with this kind of processes is the necessity of real-time control systems of high performance. The design of an FPGA based platform is presented in this work, which gives support to the research and development of products in the industrial field of the real-time mechatronics applications. The proposed structure is based on a physical hardware structure and a set of IPcores that provide solutions to some problems in machine-tools. The platform was tested in several machines and industrial equipments in order to show its efficiency, flexibility, reconfigurability, and real-time performance that allow the solutions based on the FPGA.