Muhammad Asmail Eleiwi

Solar still (SS) desalination is a solar‐based desalination technology that is environmentally friendly and has the potential to provide an abundant supply of saline water, but has been limited in practice due to low productivity and thermal efficiency. This systematic review is conducted on experimental and numerical studies and published papers between 2015 and 2026 with a special emphasis on the fast‐growing period 2019–2026, for the critical review of the role of wire‐mesh materials in improving the performance of SSs. There are three modes of enhancement: passive (surface area expansion and capillary action), hybrid (mechanical vibrations), and active (heat‐storage and advanced materials); the literature review was performed based on different geometries of the stills, including thermodynamic, economic and environmental (4E/6E), 4E analysis comprises Energy, Exergy, Economic, and Environmental assessments; and 6E extends these to Exergoeconomic and Exergoenvironmental evaluations. The synthesis shows that the productivity of the integral method of wire mesh is always improved, the best results show productivity increase of 40%–82.02%, production cost reduction down to 0.042–0.043 $/L, CO ₂ mitigation up to 3.13 tons during 10 years and exergy efficiency improvement is up to 171.4%. Critical issues such as scaling, corrosion, mesh geometry optimization, system complexity, and energy consumption in the external environment are systemically identified. Future research directions include corrosion‐resistant materials, computational parametric optimization, enhancements using nanofluids and magnets, and scalable manufacturing processes. It is established in this review that wire‐mesh‐enhanced SSs are a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly pathway for decentralized water production, with hybrid and active SSs exhibiting better performance despite added complexity. Ultimately, this work provides a roadmap for the commercialization of next‐generation solar desalination technologies.

The construction industry has faced a persistent dilemma about how to achieve sustainable natural ventilation without increasing energy use, especially across varying climatic conditions. On the basis of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, this systematic review summarizes 30 central studies of 2015–2026 on the Solar‐Chimney (SC) system, including structural design innovations, hybrid couplings, and performance optimization strategies. The reviewed studies report chimney heights of 10.5–13 m, cavity depths of 12–23 cm, and inclination optima from 20° to 55°, but these values are conditional on geometry, climate, and performance objective; reported airflow scaling follows and . Hybridization with earth–air heat exchangers sustains 24 h ventilation, reduces indoor temperatures by 3°C–12°C, delivers airflow of 56–388 m ³ /h, and achieves a 40% reduction in cooling energy. Temperature decrease of 3°C–7°C and air changes per hour of 4–6 were noted in the hot‐arid climates. Multiobjective optimization of 19,008 design options doubled airflow (1.2–2.7 m ³ /s) and cut cooling energy by 30%–32%. In polyvinyl chloride tube chimneys, height‐to‐diameter ratios below 16 are associated with reverse flow, while radiative cooling is restricted in humid climates. The review finds a significant potential of SCs as passive‐ventilation systems, especially when hybridized, but it has been concluded that there are significant gaps in field validation, standardized performance metrics, life‐cycle cost analysis, and high‐fidelity transient models, which need to be addressed in future research toward multiseasonal, scalable, and climate‐adaptive building integration.

Although solar cabinet dryers (SCDs) represent an alternative to open sun drying (OSD) in the preservation of agricultural products, there are still challenges for SCDs such as the solar intermittency, unequal drying, and poor thermal efficiency. This systematic review brings together 30 peer‐reviewed studies from 2017 to 2026 using a systematic thematic review based on four thematic areas: design innovations, integration of thermal energy storage (TES), hybrid regimes and modeling, control and techno‐environmental performance. The studies conducted under different climatic conditions, system configurations, and product types suggest that forced convection (FC) systems can decrease drying time by about 42% compared to OSD with moisture content being reduced from 86.2% (wet‐basis) to 13.75% (wet‐basis) in 16 h under solar irradiance conditions typical of tropical and semi‐arid regions. A solar radiation gain of up to 23%–38% has been reported in systems installed at higher latitudes, having collector surface areas of 1–3 m ² , which include reflective north wall integration. Reflective north wall integration is found to increase the solar radiation uptake up to 23%–38% within the systems installed at higher latitude with collector surface area of 1–3 m ² . Phase Change Materials (PCMs) enhance overall drying efficiency by up to 39.9% when integrated with evacuated tube solar collectors (ETSCs) under average irradiance levels of 500–800 W/m ² , while hybrid geothermal‐solar systems contribute 49.5%–58.4% of total energy demand across varying seasonal and meteorological conditions. From a techno‐economic perspective, payback periods ranging from 0.17 to 1.16 years have been reported across systems of differing capacities, locations, and initial investment costs, with CO ₂ mitigation reaching 18,953 kg over system lifetime and sustainability indices of 1.14–1.65. Multi‐point air supply configurations minimize temperature non‐uniformity by 52.2% and reduce energy consumption by 23.3% relative to single‐inlet designs, while fuzzy logic control systems maintain optimum drying temperatures within the range of 45°C–50°C and reduce drying time by 22% compared to conventional proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controllers under equivalent loading and airflow conditions.

This work numerically examines the thermal performance of photovoltaic (PV) panels subjected to mixed convection at various external airflow velocities, simulated in ANSYS Fluent. To model solar radiation and real-time cooling capability, the panel model includes detailed, layer-specific optical and thermal properties, as well as incident solar radiation and convective cooling effects. Mesh quality and consistent numerical techniques guarantee accurate temperature estimation across PV cells. The air velocity also increased to 4 to 5 m/s, which reduced the maximum silicon cell temperature (Tmax) to 38.8 C rather than 53.3 o C, where there was a temperature drop (delta T) of 14.5 C. This cooling has been shown to have considerable impact on the performance of electrical systems. The relative power output at 5 m/s was much higher (approximately 8.1 percentage points) on the monocrystalline silicon modules at 5 m/s and a presumed temperature coefficient of power of 0.4 percent/C than at 1 m/s airflow. The layer-wise energy balance system, with a focus on reflectivity, absorptivity, and transmissivity, treats the generation of electrical energy as a heat source and therefore minimizes heat production in silicon cells. The study also outlines the boundary conditions, the turbulence model to be used in the analysis (k−ω SST), the radiation simulation, and the grid quality to enhance the validity of the numerical output. This data illustrates the significant role of convective cooling in maintaining lower temperatures in PV cells, thereby enabling higher efficiency and energy generation, particularly under conventional operating conditions that tend to cause higher temperatures and resulting performance loss. These efforts are directed towards developing a model that not only optimizes PV design but also realistically represents airflow and accounts for thermal management efficiency.

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into recent advancements in pyramid solar stills (PSS), focusing on how internal and external modifications have enhanced both performance and sustainability. The research critically examines the limitations of conventional solar stills in providing clean water and proposes innovative solutions to improve their productivity. Internal improvements like the integration of phase change materials (PCMs), Nanoparticles (e.g., TiO ₂ and CNT-water Nanofluids), and energy storage materials (e.g., paraffin wax and quartz rock), meaningfully improve desalination output. PCM integration alone enhances water productivity by 35 to 101.5%, while Nanoparticle application assures an efficiency gains ranging between 6.1 to 54.4%. External modifications such as the integration of solar collectors, reflectors, and forced condensation systems, has increased water productivity. Statistically, the with water yield increases to 194% with a thermal efficiency up to 62.4%. Hybrid systems, that integrate multiple modifications, establish the greatest performance enhancements, delivering up to a 166% productivity growth when PCMs and reflectors are utilised in tandem. The results highlight that optimised PSS, developed through multidisciplinary approaches, offer a potential, sustainable, and cost-effective solution for freshwater production. However, a number of barriers linked to component integration and large-scale applications remain. More importantly, the associated findings of this review have stated a foundational framework to advance the design and operation of solar desalination technologies.

This research utilizes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling to identify suitable materials for drone blades that present the best potential solutions. The primary objectives are the utilization of minimal resources and the implementation of lightweight construction methodologies to achieve optimal aerodynamic results. A distinct materials design strategy is employed in the blade's composition, with each component optimized for peak efficiency and performance. The modern aerial platform DJI Phantom 3 Pro was selected as the test platform due to its excellent capabilities and user-friendly interface. The original model of the DJI Mini 3 Pro drone was modified by printing its blades using an Anycubic printer that had 4K resolution and resin materials. An experimental procedure was designed to measure drone speed and maximum flight elevation after changing these newly designed blades The choice of blade material significantly influenced flight performance. The speed of drone flight is 34.9 km/h when using XMODEL15 blades, 18.4 km/h with Industrial ABS, and 15.3 km/h with ABS-Like blades. CFD simulations predicted a maximum air velocity of 3.716 m/s around the blades. Additionally, the XMODEL15 blades demonstrated the highest durability, enduring up to 118,750 cycles, whereas Industrial ABS achieved 90,655 cycles and ABS-Like achieved 70,384 cycles. These results confirm XMODEL15 as a superior material in terms of both aerodynamic performance and structural durability.