Eva María Picado Valverde

Eva María Picado Valverde

*This is an algorithmically generated author record based on publicly available information.

Current Organizations / Institutes

The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article


Eva María Picado Valverde has a total of 81 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:


Latest Publications

  • Open Access

    Professional Attitudes Linked to Aporophobia Toward Women Experiencing Homelessness: Internal Structure and Content Heterogeneity

    by Amaia Yurrebaso Macho, Eva María Picado Valverde, Raquel Guzmán Ordaz, Esther García Valverde

    Aporophobia refers to rejection and devaluation associated with poverty and the perceived lack of resources. This study examined the internal structure of nine attitudinal items and differences in responses to them among professionals working in homelessness services in Spain. The Institutional Aporophobia Index (IAI), comprising nine items rated on a five-point Likert scale, was administered. The cleaned dataset contained 348 records; 266 had complete responses and were included in analyses of the full instrument. Item-level descriptive statistics used all available responses. The overall score was M = 2.04 (SD = 0.72). Minimum residual exploratory factor analysis based on polychoric correlations yielded loadings ranging from 0.583 to 0.819, and ordinal parallel analysis supported retaining one factor. Confirmatory factor analysis using WLSMV estimation, conducted on the same cases, showed favorable fit: χ2(27) = 49.16, p = 0.006; CFI = 0.993; TLI = 0.991; RMSEA = 0.056; SRMR = 0.036. Internal consistency was α = 0.862 and standardized α = 0.872; the omega coefficient derived from the polychoric model was 0.915. Differences between items were observed, Friedman’s χ2(8) = 367.19, p < 0.001, Kendall’s W = 0.173; 28 of the 36 pairwise comparisons were significant after Holm correction. The highest mean scores corresponded to statements concerning rules and educational limitations. The findings provide preliminary psychometric evidence and describe a heterogeneous response profile; they do not constitute an independent validation or establish the instrument’s specificity relative to other related constructs.

  • Open Access

    Paternalismo institucional y aporofobia en la atención a mujeres sin hogar: hacia un enfoque de derechos y dignidad

    by Eva Maria Picado Valverde, Amaia Yurrebaso Macho, Esther García- Valverde, Raquel Guzman Ordaz

    La aporofobia institucional, entendida como el conjunto de prácticas y actitudes que reproducen la exclusión de las personas en situación de pobreza desde el propio entramado institucional, constituye un fenómeno poco explorado pero fundamental para comprender las dinámicas de discriminación estructural. Este estudio analiza la manifestación de la aporofobia institucional en su dimensión paternalista dentro de los recursos de atención a mujeres en situación de sinhogarismo en España. A partir del Modelo de Contenido de los Estereotipos (Fiske et al., 1999, 2002), que distingue las percepciones profesionales en torno a la calidez y la competencia, se identifican dos formas predominantes de aporofobia institucional: el paternalismo y el desprecio. La investigación se desarrolla con un enfoque descriptivo y exploratorio, mediante un cuestionario estructurado administrado a 297 profesionales dedistintos dispositivos asistenciales. Los resultados evidencian que las actitudes paternalistas varían en función de características de las usuarias (edad, situación familiar, salud mental y adicciones), del perfil profesional (formación, posición en la organización) y del tipo de recurso. Se observa que los recursos especializados en adicciones, salud mental o violencia de género tienden a reproducir mayor grado de paternalismo, mientras que modelos más flexibles y centrados en derechos, como el Housing First, promueven prácticas inclusivas. Asimismo, la formación en ciencias sociales y la existencia de equipos amplios y multidisciplinares se asocian a niveles menores de aporofobia institucional. En conclusión, superar estas dinámicas requiere revisar protocolos, eliminar criterios excluyentes y transformar la cultura organizativa hacia un enfoque interseccional y de derechos, que reconozca la autonomía y dignidadde las mujeres sin hogar


  • Open Access

    Building Skills in Infection Prevention Through Simulation: Insights from Nursing Students in Brazil and Peru

    by Luciene Muniz Braga, Pedro Paulo Do Prado-Junior, Andréia Guerra Siman, Talita Prado Simão Miranda, Mara Rúbia Maciel Cardoso Do Prado, Luana Vieira Toledo, Rodrigo Siqueira-Batista, Andréia Patrícia Gomes, Yanet Castro Vargas, Luis Alberto Chihuantito-Abal, et al.

    Background/Objectives: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) require specific skills in nursing education, yet their curricular integration often remains fragmented, limiting the consolidation of knowledge and safe clinical practice. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of nursing students from Brazil and Peru regarding the use of clinical simulation as a strategy to develop skills in HAIs prevention and control. Methods: A qualitative approach was employed, involving 12 focus groups (n = 297 students) across four universities. The discussions were conducted following simulation activities based on standardized scenarios structured into four phases: pre-reading, briefing, execution, and debriefing. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide flowed by content analysis, through which saturation was achieved. The study adhered to COREQ guidelines. Results: Three main themes emerged: (i) clinical simulation as a student-centered teaching–learning strategy, where pre-reading and briefing materials enhanced students’ confidence and clarity in performing tasks, with checklists suggested to avoid omissions; (ii) simulation as a facilitator of autonomy and safety in HAI prevention, offering a protected environment for making mistakes and learning, with formative feedback during debriefing increasing risk awareness, although debriefing time was noted as an area for improvement; and (iii) meaningful learning and integration with traditional education, as students reported increased engagement, better knowledge retention, and greater perceived transfer of skills to real clinical settings. Conclusions: Clinical simulation demonstrated strong potential to support the development of HAI prevention skills in undergraduate nursing students. Longitudinal implementation with standardized scenarios and further evaluation of educational effectiveness and debriefing strategies is recommended.


  • Open Access

    Building Skills in Infection Prevention Through Simulation: Insights from Nursing Students in Brazil and Peru

    by Luciene Muniz Braga, Pedro Paulo Prado-Junior, Andréia Guerra Siman, Talita Simão Prado, Mara Rúbia Maciel Prado, Luana Vieira Toledo, Rodrigo Siqueira-Batista, Andréia Patrícia Gomes, Yanet Castro Vargas, Luis A. Chihuantito-Abal, et al.

    Background/Objectives: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) require specific skills in nursing education, yet their curricular integration often remains fragmented, limiting the consolidation of knowledge and safe clinical practice. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of nursing students from Brazil and Peru regarding the use of clinical simulation as a strategy to develop skills in HAIs prevention and control. Methods: A qualitative approach was employed, involving 12 focus groups (n = 247 students) across four universities. The discussions were conducted following simulation activities based on standardized scenarios structured into four phases: pre-reading, briefing, execution, and debriefing. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide and analyzed thematically until thematic sufficiency was achieved. The study adhered to COREQ guidelines. Results: Three main themes emerged: i) clinical simulation as a student-centered teaching-learning strategy, where pre-reading and briefing materials enhanced students’ confidence and clarity in performing tasks, with checklists suggested to avoid omissions; ii) simulation as a facilitator of autonomy and safety in HAI prevention, offering a protected environment for making mistakes and learning, with formative feedback during debriefing increasing risk awareness, although debriefing time was noted as an area for improvement; and iii) meaningful learning and integration with traditional education, as students reported increased engagement, better knowledge retention, and greater perceived transfer of skills to real clinical settings. Conclusions: Clinical simulation demonstrated strong potential to support the development of HAI prevention skills in undergraduate nursing students. Longitudinal implementation with standardized scenarios and further evaluation of educational effectiveness and debriefing strategies is recommended.

  • Open Access

    El sinhogarismo femenino en España: una aproximación desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de los recursos de la red de exclusión social

    by Esther García Valverde, Eva María Picado Valverde, Nuria Del Álamo G´óMez

    La Estrategia Nacional para la lucha contra el sinhogarismo en España 2023-2030 pone un énfasis particular en el sinhogarismo femenino, destacando la necesidad de medidas específicas para abordar las vulnerabilidades de las mujeres sin hogar. El presente estudio identifica el perfil de las mujeres que acceden a los servicios de atención a la exclusión social en España, basándose en la perspectiva de los profesionales del sector. Se realizó una encuesta a 297 trabajadores de recursos que atienden a mujeres sin hogar, seleccionados de una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia. Los datos fueron analizados a través de análisis descriptivo y bivariado con pruebas estadísticas para identificar diferencias significativas entre las variables. Los recursos que atienden a mujeres sin hogar varían entre residenciales, centros de día y comedores sociales, siendo la mayoría de las mujeres atendidas de mediana edad, madres solteras, y en su mayoría inmigrantes. Según las respuestas de los/las profesionales, las mujeres españolas presentan mayores problemas de adicción y salud mental en comparación con las mujeres migrantes. En el caso de las mujeres inmigrantes, especialmente las jóvenes, se enfrentan a mayores dificultades, como su situación de irregularidad administrativa. Este estudio revela la complejidad del sinhogarismo femenino y la necesidad de enfoques más específicos y diferenciados en los servicios de atención. Las diferencias entre mujeres nacionales e inmigrantes, o entre distintos grupos de edad, subrayan la importancia de diseñar intervenciones personalizadas que aborden las vulnerabilidades particulares de cada grupo.

  • Risk factors in women experiencing homelessness from an ecological and intersectional perspective: A systematic review

    by Esther García-Valverde, Eva Picado-Valverde, Amaia Yurrebaso Macho, Raquel Guzmán-Ordaz

    This study presents a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) systematic review of risk factors among women experiencing homelessness from an ecological and intersectional perspective. Twenty-one empirical studies were analyzed. The findings reveal four main dimensions of risk: (1) risk factors in interpersonal relationships; (2) risk factors associated with physical, mental, and emotional health; (3) risk factors related to access to housing, employment, and resources; and (4) risk factors linked to discrimination and intersectionality. The review highlights the interplay of individual, relational, and structural factors, underscoring the need for social work interventions and policies ensuring gender equality, housing access, and social protection.


  • Open Access

    La identificación policial en los casos de aporofobia: desafíos y estrategias

    by Eva María Picado Valverde, Zaira Carreto Rebollo, Amaia Yurrebaso Macho, Raquel Guzmán Ordaz, Esther Garcia Valverde

    Las encuestas sobre delitos de odio en España revelan un número reducido de incidentes de aporofobia, con una probable “cifra negra” debido a la infradenuncia y la falta de capacitación de los profesionales en su detección. Este estudio evalúa el conocimiento y la capacitación de los agentes de seguridad sobre la situación de las personas sin hogar y la aporofobia, y describe el perfil de agresores y víctimas. Mediante una metodología cualitativa se realizan entrevistas en profundidad a 10 agentes con más de cinco años de experiencia. Se descubrió un desconocimiento generalizado del fenómeno. Aunque los agentes han interactuado con personas sin hogar, no han tratado casos específicos de aporofobia. Según los agentes entrevistados, las agresiones aporofóbicas, principalmente físicas, ocurren en grandes ciudades, y las víctimas son percibidas como solitarias, sin apoyo, y con problemas de salud mental. Los agresores, generalmente jóvenes bajo la influencia de alcohol o drogas, actúan en grupo por diversión, aprovechando la vulnerabilidad de las víctimas. No detectar estas situaciones puede tener graves consecuencias, como el aislamiento social de las víctimas y la normalización de la violencia. Es fundamental mejorar la capacitación de los agentes y desarrollar un protocolo específico para asegurar una intervención efectiva. El estudio reconoce limitaciones, como la falta de capacitación en unidades no especializadas, lo que subraya la necesidad de integrar este enfoque en la formación de todos los agentes.

  • Open Access

    Toward Gender Understanding: Examining Ambivalent Sexism among University Students and Its Impact on Faculty Evaluation

    by Amaia Yurrebaso Macho, Raquel Guzmán-Ordaz, Eva Picado-Valverde, Álvaro Jáñez González

    This study examines gender differences in levels of sexism among university students and evaluates variations in assessing sexist attitudes toward professors. The aim is to analyze potential disparities between men and women regarding ambivalent sexism (both hostile and benevolent) and to determine if these differences influence the evaluation of specific behaviors by teaching faculty. Additionally, the present study seeks to validate the variability hypothesis, asserting that men are over-represented in the extremes of distributions compared to women concerning analyzed sexist attitudes. Eighty university students participated voluntarily and anonymously, completing three questionnaires on ambivalent sexism, neosexism, and the assessment of sexist behaviors by their instructors. Consistent with prior research, the results reveal higher levels of sexism among men in this context. Despite these differences, both men and women align in evaluating specific behaviors in teaching faculty, irrespective of their individual levels of sexism. Finally, the data presented support the variability hypothesis, indicating greater variability in sexist attitudes among men than women. These findings suggest that general attitudes assessed in most questionnaires might not be representative of the behaviors and attitudes that people display in real specific situations. This could change how future research and interventions approach these issues.


  • Open Access

    Análisis de los servicios de apoyo a las familias con enfermedades neurodegenerativas

    by Eva María Picado-Valverde, Amaia Yurrebaso Macho, Begoña Orgaz Baz, Nuria del Álamo Gómez, Estrella Montes López

    Este trabajo es un resultado del proyecto trasfronterizo España-Portugal denominado Neuroqualifam cuyo objetivo general es reforzar la cooperación entre las instituciones responsables de la investigación y atención a las enfermedades neurodegenerativas en Castilla y León y el Norte y Centro de Portugal para mejorar los resultados de calidad de vida familiar y optimizar los recursos de apoyo y de asistencia a las familias cuidadoras de los enfermos. En concreto este estudio pretende facilitar a los profesionales del trabajo social y responsables de los servicios sociales, los conocimientos necesarios para el diseño de programas y recursos que incrementen el bienestar y la calidad de vida familiar de las personas con enfermedad neurodegenerativas. En los diferentes planes de actuación dirigidas a las personas con enfermedades neurodegenerativas se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de incrementar la calidad de vida a los familiares de estos enfermos. Esta investigación analiza si el conjunto de servicios y prestaciones ofertadas en Castilla y León contribuyen a mejorar esa calidad de vida de las familias teniendo en cuenta el Modelo de Calidad de Vida familiar. La escala de Badia et al. (2021) nos permite identificar si las prestaciones y servicios de la Cartera de Servicios Publica cubre los dominios incluidos en la escala de evaluación del Modelo de Calidad de Vida familiar. Tras la selección de las prestaciones dirigidas a personas en situación de Dependencia se elaboró un instrumento ad hoc para evaluar los recursos ofertados según el modelo de calidad de vida familiar. La evaluación fue realizada por una experta académica en el modelo, y una trabajadora social, a su vez responsable en la gestión de los servicios sociales. Se concluye que en el conjunto de prestaciones y servicios ofertados en la cartera de servicios autonómica como son el apoyo a la autonomía familiar, la atención integral familiar, la prevención y el apoyo familiar no cubre todos los dominios incluidos en el MCVF encontrándose la salud familiar de manera principal. En general las prestaciones ofertadas no cubren los dominios necesarios que configuran el Modelo de Calidad de Vida familiar.

  • Open Access

    Design of a Protocol for Detecting Victims of Aporophobia—Violence against the Poor

    by Eva María Picado-Valverde, Joseba Peláez-Guergue, Amaia Yurrebaso-Macho, Raquel Guzmán-Ordaz

    Aporophobia or aversion to the poor is a discriminatory phenomenon that causes a serious problem to the person with consequences related to damage, injury and physical and/or psychological sequelae. This paper describes the creation of the first aporophobia risk assessment tool, developed through a bibliometric review and expert opinion. This article presents the results obtained in the first phase of the design of this instrument for the detection of victimisation suffered by people in extreme poverty or at risk of poverty due to discrimination or aversion. Initially, a bibliometric review was carried out to identify the risk factors present in aporophobic situations and victimisations related to discrimination or rejection of people living in poverty. For the development of this aporophobic victimisation detection tool, the methodology of structured judgment by means of a panel of experts was used. After identifying the risk factors present in aporophobic victimisation, the panel of experts was formed with the participation of 26 academic professionals and those who work with these people in situations of social exclusion. Using expert methodology and the Delphi technique, they identified the most appropriate variables for inclusion in the detection instrument currently being designed, distinguishing between individual, social and relational factors and, finally, the most influential environmental factors for being victims of aporophobia. The results of the panel of experts highlight some of the following variables, for example, substance use and/or possible undiagnosed mental illness related to individual dimensions, in the case of variables related to one’s social level, among others, a lack of community ties and/or social participation and, finally, among the variables within a context called victim opportunity, the routine of staying overnight on the street or in enclosed spaces at street level by homeless people is highlighted. The experts who made up the panel highlighted the usefulness of this type of instrument for the professionals who attend to these people with different resources; the first version of this instrument is a protocol that evaluates all possible areas of the people of interest in order to detect these invisible situations.