Heontae Kim

While sports over-the-top platforms have become the dominant medium for consuming live sports, the “hopping subscription” pattern—canceling after a season and rejoining later—poses a major challenge. This study examines the key motivations that shape subscription continuity. Drawing on a hybrid framework of uses and gratifications and the technology acceptance model, the research employs a mixed-methods design. Study 1 ( n = 104) employs exploratory methods to identify baseline factors of off-season engagement. Study 2 ( n = 584) applies structural equation modeling to test these factors. The findings reveal significant drivers of retention. Also, we found that the mediating role of perceived usefulness exists in continuance intentions. Theoretically, the study extends uses and gratifications and the technology acceptance model into the underexplored domain of sports over-the-top subscription behavior. Practically, it provides insights for platforms and marketers to reduce churn and sustain engagement beyond active sport seasons. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Purpose: To examine the individual and combined effects of modifiable health behaviors—physical activity, healthy diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption—on obesity among U.S. college students. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Data from the 2018 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment surveys. Sample: Data included 91,535 undergraduate students. Measures: Modifiable health behaviors included self-reported physical activity, diet, smoking, and alcohol use. Weight-related measures included perceived weight status, weight control intentions, weight loss behaviors, and BMI (obesity defined as BMI ≥30). Analysis: Weighted and adjusted logistic regression models estimated associations between individual behaviors, the number of guidelines met, and obesity. Results: Non-adherence to guidelines for moderate-intensity physical activity, vigorous-intensity physical activity, muscle-strengthening activities, and healthy diet significantly increased obesity odds (OR = 1.14, 1.53, 1.45, and 1.46, respectively). Non-adherence to alcohol guidelines was associated with lower obesity odds (OR = 0.78). Cigarette smoking was not significantly associated with obesity after covariate adjustments. Meeting more guidelines was linked to healthier BMI and weight perceptions. Males were more likely to meet physical activity and alcohol guidelines, whereas females adhered more to dietary and smoking guidelines. Conclusions: Interventions targeting multiple health behaviors are needed to reduce obesity among college students.

Background/Objectives : The ability to cross obstacles declines with age, and obstacle-related falls are increasingly common among older adults. This study examined the association between obstacle-crossing performance and fall risk, and their distinct roles in older Korean adults. Methods : In this observational study, 200 older adults (72.8 ± 5.6 years) participated. Obstacle performance was assessed with a gait analysis system, measuring obstacle-crossing speed and foot elevation while stepping over 5 cm, 10% of height, and 30-cm obstacles. Fall risk was evaluated using the Fall Risk Assessment system, which integrates sensory, neurological, balance, and musculoskeletal domains. Participants were classified as low or high risk based on Fall Risk Assessment scores. Independent t -tests compared obstacle performance between groups, and one-way analyses of variance examined age differences (65–69, 70–74, 75–79, ≥80 years). Results : At 5 cm and 10% height obstacles, foot elevation did not differ by group, whereas obstacle-crossing speed was higher in the low-risk group ( p < .05). At 30 cm, both foot elevation ( p = .003) and obstacle-crossing speed ( p < .001) were greater in the low-risk group. Obstacle-crossing speed declined with age across all obstacles ( p < .001), while foot elevation decreased with age only at 30 cm ( p < .05). Conclusion : Obstacle-crossing speed and foot elevation are associated with fall risk, and maintaining speed under higher demands may indicate gait adaptability. Significance/Implications : Measuring obstacle-crossing speed may improve fall risk screening and guide interventions to maintain mobility and independence in older adults.

Purpose: Research demonstrates that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) mitigates age-related cognitive decline, but its specific effects across different stages of aging remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between CRF and global cognition in older adults, identifying the age ranges during which cognitive differences between older adults with higher and lower CRF levels were most pronounced. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Sample: A total of 2311 U.S. older adults aged 60 to 79 years. Measures: CRF was estimated using a validated non-exercise regression equation, and participants were categorized into above- and below-median CRF groups. Global cognition was assessed using composite z-scores derived from 3 cognitive tests: CERAD Word Learning subtest, Animal Fluency Test, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Analysis: Weighted time-varying effect modeling was employed to examine age-related trends in the association between CRF and global cognition throughout late adulthood. Separate analyses were conducted for older adults with higher and lower CRF levels to explore differences in cognitive trajectories between these groups. Results: Participants with higher CRF demonstrated significantly better global cognition than those with lower CRF, particularly between the ages of 61 and 66. The largest difference was observed at age 62, where individuals with higher CRF had a mean composite score of 0.40 (95% CI = [0.27, 0.53]), compared to 0.03 (95% CI = [-0.10, 0.16]) for those with lower CRF. Conclusion: Promoting improvements in CRF during key aging periods may serve as an effective strategy to delay age-related cognitive decline.

Objective: Cognitive decline in older adults is a public health issue, with modifiable factors like obesity and sleep potentially influencing this trajectory. Previous research on their relationship with executive function has shown mixed results, particularly across older adulthood. Methods: This study utilized time-varying effect modeling (TVEM) to assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) and sleep on executive function in older adults aged 60 to 79, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 cycles ( N = 2543). Executive function was evaluated using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Results: Findings indicated that while BMI did not significantly affect cognition, adequate sleep (7–8 hours) was linked to better executive function, especially in individuals aged 63 to 65. Conclusion: These results highlight sleep’s importance for cognitive health and suggest interventions focusing on sleep and weight management to mitigate age-related cognitive decline.

The role of physical activity in normal weight obesity (NWO), which is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, is not clear. This study aimed to determine body composition phenotype-specific differences in objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in adults in the United States. A total of 2055 adults with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 18.5 m² were studied using 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Physical activity and percent body fat (BF%) were measured using accelerometer and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively. A BF% > 23.1% and >33.3% for men and women, respectively, was considered excess. A BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m² with excess BF% was defined as NWO, while those with normal BF%, as normal weight lean (NWL). A BMI of ≥25 kg/m² with excess BF% was considered overweight/obesity (OB). Compared to NWL, moderate to vigorous physical activity was significantly lower by 8.3 min (95% confidence interval/CI = −15.20, −1.40) and 10.18 min (95% CI = −14.83, −5.54) per day in NWO and OB, respectively. Low-intensity physical activity was also significantly lower by 17.71 min (95% CI = −30.61, −4.81) per day in NWO compared to NWL. However, sedentary time was not different. Objectively measured physical activity is significantly lower in NWO compared to NWL, while sedentary time is not.

This study aimed to (1) investigate age-associated trends in depression and cognition, (2) determine whether the association between depression and cognition varies across age, and (3) test whether...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of physical activity intensity prescription using real-time cadence on achieving the required intensities for health benefits. Forty adults (18–65 years) participated in the study. The intensity prescriptions included Rating of Perceived Exertion, Talk Test, Heart Rate, and Real-Time Cadence. The participants performed a2-min trial for both moderate- and vigorous-intensity according to each prescription. Atri-axial accelerometer was used as acriterion measure. After completion of the trials, participant’s preference for the prescriptions was assessed by three domains (e.g., understanding, performing, maintaining). The compliance and achievement rates of RC were calculated and compared to other prescription methods. Coefficient of Variance was used to evaluate the extent of variation of intensity during the trials. Higher compliance rates were found in both moderate- (92.1%) and vigorous-intensity (94.9%) when using RC. When using RC, most participants (92.5%) were able to achieve the targeted moderate-intensity, but not for vigorous-intensity although asignificant difference was found between the two intensities (p < .001). Overall, RC was the most favoured method in all three domains. RC is apromising tool to prescribe moderate-intensity of physical activity for health benefits but still needs to be refined on prescribing vigorous-intensity.

Objectives: To examine the mediated relationship between objectively measured obesity, accelerometer‐based moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and length of residence among US immigrants.Methods: A total of 885 adults (≥18 years) who were born outside the United States from the 2003 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in the analysis. The participants were categorized into two groups (i.e., living in the United States ≥15 years vs. β = −4.50,p = .04), and more likely to be at high risk of obesity (a;β = 1.70,p = .01) compared to those living in the United States for β = −0.80,p = .003). Length of residence was indirectly associated with MVPA (ab;β = −1.37,p = .03), suggesting that obesity mediated the association of length of residence on MVPA (c';β = −3.13,p = .20).Conclusions: Obesity mediated the association between length of residence and MVPA in the US immigrants. These findings may encourage long‐term US immigrants to prevent and treat obesity for increasing the amount of MVPA time.