Cut Rizlani Kholibrina

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) management can lead to various benefits for community livelihood and forest sustainability. However, such management has not been carried out optimally and sustainably in Indonesia, due to various limiting factors including ineffective policies, undeveloped cultivation technologies, and inadequate innovation in processing technologies. Further, the diversity of NTFPs species requires that policy-makers determine the priority species to be developed. Agarwood (Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops spp.), benzoin (Styrax spp.), sandalwood (Santalum album L.), and cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) are aromatic NTFPs species in Indonesia that forest-dwellers have utilized across generations. This paper reviews the current governance, cultivation systems, processing and valuation, and benefits and uses of these species. We also highlights the future challenges and prospects of these NTFPs species, which are expected to be useful in designing NTFPs governance, in order to maximize the associated benefits for the farmers and all related stakeholders.

Styrax resin is the main non-timber forest product from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Unfortunately, the precious resin known as benzoin still have not been developed into various domestic and innovative organic personal care products. The objective of study is to initiate the distilled styrax resins utilization into personal care products in form of organic and healthy washing hand soaps. Research was carried out by distilling styrax resin, formulating and producing soaps, and assessing the products acceptance. Product application tests were applied including soap properties (hardness, cleansing, conditioning, bubbly and creamy), feeling and preference tests (sensibility, moisturizing, smoothness, scent). Forty respondents were surveyed, which 35 individuals (87.5%) expressed their pleasure utilizing the soaps, related to good consistency and cleaning performance, smoothness, moisturizing, as well as easily rinsed from hands after washing with a pleasant long lasting aroma. The phytochemical content contained is also reveals soap potential application to reducing anxiety and increase immune system. The results showed the idea about processing styrax resin into organic and healthy personal care products is highly feasible for replication in wide-scale applications. Regarding the products contains organic ingredient, it is considered better, healthier and support the local economy development.

Camphor resin has been harvested from the Sumatran camphor tree (Dryobalanops aromatica) since the seventh century on the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. High beneficial compounds contained, a-pinene, 1.8-cineole, camphene, limonene, and p-cymene reveal the opportunities for prospective utilization as an anti-viral, expectorant, and immune system booster with a relaxing fragrance. The objective of the study was to determine consumer preferences for new Sumatran camphor essential oil-based products. Forty consumers were asked to provide an assessment of personal care products combination. A conjoint analysis approach was assisted by a computer with SPSS 14.0 program. The influence of five product profiles on consumer preferences including functionality, scent variant, packages, volume, and prices were examined. The results show that higher utility values indicate a greater preference. The highest utility value is indicated by the scent variant, this illustrates the respondent’s preferences for their preferred scent. Moreover, the scents (importance value 52.15) is the most influential on overall preferences. This means that there is a large preference differentiation between product profiles containing most and least desired scents. This is due to the preference for a particular scent is personal and unique which might have affected personal perception, which is closely related to initial recognition for a particular scent as an olfactory memory. The highest consumer’s preference is an inhaler product with floral scent, package roll-on, volume 6 ml, and price IDR50,000. Products with inhalation functions are intended to obtain a relaxing effect, reduce anxiety, and calm the mind, improve the respiratory system and immune system.

Indonesia is blessed with the wonderful and beautiful Lake Toba catchment area where diverse bamboo species grow and provide socio economic benefits to the Bataknese community indigenous to the region. The bamboo resource, however, hasn’t been sustainably managed due mainly to over-cutting while cultivation has been insignificant. This study aims to investigate the relevant interventions for achieving sustainable bamboo resource in this region. Data were derived from questionnaire surveys of 154 women and in-depth interviews with 65 respondents in Simalungun and Karo districts. In order to identify the cause of problem and strategies for sustainable management, a problem tree analysis was conducted. Findings of the study show that strengthening institutional framework, utilizing efficiently, enhancing initiatives on bamboo conservation and development, and promoting local stakeholders are identified as strategies for sustainable management. The basic notions are that achieving sustainable management is feasible only with stakeholders’ support, and local communities must be provided with decent incomes by efficient utilization. Furthermore, bamboo management must be supported by promoting gender equality and empower women related to their control over bamboo plantation and harvesting, market access and other decision-making opportunities on income and expenditure. The study recognizes that there is a strong relationship between decision making authority and women empowerment.

The observation on flowering, fruiting phenology and germination of Kemenyan toba (Styrax sumatrana) has not been widely reported. It isrequired to support the breeding activities for this tree improvement, the most Non-Timber Forest Product commodity in Lake Toba Catchment Area, North Sumatra. The objectives of the research were to identify the development of flowering, fruiting andto calculate the number of fruits that germinate for S. sumatrana in certain cycle period. The flowering and fruiting observation were conducted on ten sample trees in Aek Nauli forest from July 2012 to February 2013. The seeds viability was observed from January to November 2014 in the greenhouse. The study showed that the flowering development occurred for 30 to 152 days, began from the growing of generative buds, the flower's shoots and bursts were developed, and young fruits were matured. All of processes proceeded for 30 to 152 days. The average percentage of flowering is 53.5%, and 72.8% for flowering to fruiting, and 47.3% for young to mature fruit. The percentage of mature fruit to germinate was 89.3%.

Faktor-faktor Fenotipa dan Lingkungan Penentu Produktivitas Resin Kemenyan Toba (Styrax sumatrana J. J. Sm)