Tiebang Liu

Low self-esteem has been identified as a risk factor for problematic mobile phone use (PMPU). However, the magnitude of self-esteem’s effect on PMPU varied across different studies. Drawing on the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model and the response styles theory, this study developed a moderated mediation model to investigate the mediating role of fear of missing out (FoMO) and the moderating roles of ruminative subtypes (i.e., brooding and reflection) in the relationship between self-esteem and PMPU. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 806 undergraduate students (M_age = 19.35 years, SD = 1.18) using the convenience sampling method. Results showed that self-esteem was negatively associated with PMPU. Mediation analysis revealed that the association between self-esteem and PMPU was mediated by FoMO. Furthermore, moderated mediation analyses revealed that the mediating effect of FoMO was moderated by both brooding and reflection, such that the indirect effect became stronger for individuals with higher levels of brooding/reflection. These findings add to previous research by shedding light on how (i.e., mediation) and under what conditions (i.e., moderation) self-esteem is associated with PMPU and have implications for early prevention and intervention of individual PMPU.

Background: Although overweight and obesity are important risk factors for the physical health of severe mental disorders (SMD), few studies have been reported. Morbidity and mortality associated with physical disorders of SMD can be reduced if detected and managed in the early stages of physical disorders. The objective was to analyse the prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with SMD and factors associated with sociodemographic and disease characteristics in a cross-sectional population-based study.Methods: This analysis examined prevalence of overweight and obesity of 14,868 managed SMD patients in urban area of Shenzhen city, based on data from the information monitoring system in 2020. Sociodemographical and physiological characteristics of overweight and obesity of SMD patients were described. The multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity of SMD.Results: Records of 14, 868 participants were included for analysis. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with SMD in this study was 32.6% and 16.1%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, married, Shenzhen household registration, number of years of management 5-10 years and >10 years, participation in family physician services, taking clozapine or aripiprazole, FPG>6.1 mmol/L, hypertension, TC≥5.2mmol/L, TG≥1.7mmol/L, the more frequent the number of follow-ups in the past year were associated with higher odds of overweight and obesity, while older, having tertiary education, and mental retardation with mental disorders had lower odds of overweight and obesity. Compared to their respective reference categories, living status with parents, spouse and children, taking risperidone, aripiprazole, amisulpride and perphenazine, FPG>6.1 mmol/L, hypertension, TC≥5.2mmol/L, TG≥1.7mmol/L, the more frequent the number of follow-ups in the past year were associated with higher odds of obesity, while having tertiary education and schizophrenia had lower odds of obesity. Conclusions: We observed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity with SMD in this study. The findings highlight the need for integrated management of overweight and obesity risk factors among patients with SMD.

Methamphetamine (MA)‐associated psychosis (MAP) is highly debilitating and common among individuals who use the drug, yet the underlying neural mechanism is not clear. This study compared brain functions between patients with MAP and those with schizophrenia during resting state and investigated the effect of brain alteration on the association between MA use and psychosis in patients with MAP. Three groups, including 24 patients with MAP, 17 with schizophrenia in first‐episode (SCZ) and 31 healthy controls (HCs), were included after receiving a resting‐state functional MRI scan. The severity of psychosis was assessed with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Imaging data were analysed using regional homogeneity (ReHo) to measure individual's brain function. Compared with the HC subjects, the MAP and SCZ groups had significantly lower ReHo in the cortical regions including left postcentral cortex, right superior temporal gyrus and right rolandic operculum, while had higher ReHo in the left putamen, with brain dysfunctions being more pronounced in the SCZ group. Among the MAP subjects, a mediating effect of ReHo in the right superior temporal gyrus was found on the association between MA use frequency and PANSS positive score. MAP and schizophrenia had a common trend of brain alteration, with the dysfunction being more pronounced in schizophrenia. This finding implicated that MAP might be a condition with neuropathology approaching schizophrenia. The observed critical role of right superior temporal deficit between MA use and psychosis proposed a potential target for interventions.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to explore the gender differences of community‐dwelling patients with schizophrenia in terms of socio‐demographics, clinical characteristic and quality of life (QOL).Methods: A total of 433 community‐dwelling patients with schizophrenia were recruited in Shenzhen city, China. Data were obtained from a face‐to‐face interview with standard research questionnaire. The QOL and insight were assessed using the WHOQOL‐BREF and the Chinese version of the insight and treatment attitude questionnaire, respectively.Results: This cross‐sectional study included 206 male and 227 female patients. Male patients were more likely to be educated, employed, smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol, and have an early age of illness onset. In contrast, female patients were more likely to be married/cohabitating and have drug side effects. There was no significant difference between genders across all QOL domain. Multiple regression analyzes showed that mental symptoms were negatively associated with all QOL domains, whereas frequency of exercise in the past year was positively associated with all QOL domains. Higher education levels, household per capita annual income in past year (≥100 000 RMB), employment status, IATQ score, drug side effects, marital status, and number of hospitalization were also significantly associated with specific QOL domains.Discussion: There was significant gender difference in socio‐demographics and clinical characteristics among community schizophrenia patients in Shenzhen city. Gender‐specific intervention measures are needed to improve the functioning and QOL in patients with schizophrenia.

Objectives: To investigate the gender disparities in the prevalence and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms and associated factors among internal migrant workers in Shenzhen. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Labour intensive factories in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Participants: We recruited 3200 internal migrant workers who aged over 18 years old and above and did not register in Shenzhen’s household registration system. There were 3095 participants eligible for this study. Methods: Participants completed sociodemographic questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Meaning in Life Questionnaire. We applied χ ² test, analysis of variance, Wilcoxon rank test, Fisher’s exact test and univariate and multivariate multilevel linear regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 27.85% and 19.26% among internal migrant workers. We reported gender disparities of depressive and anxiety symptoms among participants that the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was higher in women (30.57% vs 26.43% and 22.67% vs 17.47%), and the symptoms were more severe among women. Female migrant workers were more likely to be singled, have lower prevalence of smoking and drinking, receive less education and monthly income, have higher level of impulsiveness and social support and lower level of meaning in life. We found age, marriage, income, adaption to living in Shenzhen, being discriminated, drinking, loneliness, impulsiveness, social support, coping strategies and meaning of life were associated with the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms among internal migrant workers in Shenzhen. Conclusion: Gender inequality may be the institutional factor leading to disparities in depressive and anxiety symptoms among internal migrant workers. Interventions should be embedded with strategies improving gender equality.

Objectives: Despite the prevalence of methamphetamine-associated psychosis, how characteristics of drug use affect the severity and clinical course, and its optimal treatments have not been established. We addressed these questions, assessing clinical features of methamphetamine-associated psychosis, and compared it with primary psychosis. Methods: Hospitalised patients with methamphetamine-associated (n = 70) or primary schizophrenic psychosis (n = 70) were matched on sex, age and duration of psychosis. Association of drug use variables (age at initiation, duration of methamphetamine use) with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores and psychosis duration were examined for patients with methamphetamine-associated psychosis, and the groups were compared on the BPRS scores. Results: Methamphetamine use initiation age correlated negatively with the BPRS total score and the Activation subscale score; methamphetamine use duration correlated positively with psychosis duration. Methamphetamine-associated psychosis group scored lower on the Hostility-Suspiciousness and Anergia subscales of the BPRS (adjusted p values < .05). Conclusions: Association of early initiation of methamphetamine with psychosis severity may suggest a lasting effect on brain development. Correlation of drug use and psychosis durations may suggest a cumulative effect of methamphetamine exposure. Less severe paranoia and negative symptoms in the methamphetamine-using group could implicate better social functioning of these patients. Further mechanistic studies are warranted.

Introduction: In recent years, evidence has accumulated to suggest that patients with bipolar disorder show altered processing of emotionally relevant information. However, only a few studies have examined manic patients’ eye movements when processing facial expressions. Method: A free viewing task and anti-saccade task were used separately to investigate attentional bias and response inhibition while processing emotional stimuli. Data were drawn from matched samples of manic patients (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 20). Results: The analyses of eye-movement data revealed that there was a significant difference between manic patients and healthy controls in the total duration of fixations but not in the orientation or duration of the first fixation. However, no significant differences between manic patients and healthy controls in response inhibition were detected. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that compared to healthy controls, manic patients show a deficiency in processing speed. The patients showed no attentional vigilance to happy or sad expressions but did showed avoidance of the sad expression and focused more on the happy expression in later emotion processing. There were no impairments of response inhibition detected in manic patients.

Background: Many structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported differences in brain functional anatomy associated with eating disorders (EDs). We aimed to quantitatively synthesize the current literature of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) with a goal of deriving a consensus across these studies.Methods: We performed a hierarchical series of 49 activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses of 101 experiments from 63 studies at the disorder (AN+BN), diagnosis (AN or BN), and task (food-, body-, emotion- or cognitive function-related tasks) levels. We further performed sub-analyses at the diagnosis level to assess the influence of disease stage (current or recovered AN), subtype (restrictive AN, rAN), psychiatric comorbidity, medication, and data processing.Results: We did not observe consistent differences in brain activity across all hierarchies. Rather, we observed differences in brain activity in the right fusiform, left inferior parietal lobule and left precuneus that were primarily related to food (representing 19 experiments) and emotion (25 experiments) tasks performed by current AN patients (56 experiments).Conclusions: The task-based functional MRI literature in AN and BN represents a heterogenous set of tasks and patients. Given this heterogeneity, we found very limited convergence across a rather large literature. Such limited convergence suggests individual task-based studies of EDs should be interpreted cautiously. We recommend that future studies of EDs carefully characterize patients based on nutritional status and that, beyond clinical diagnosis, studies utilize a trait- or cognitive-domain-based approach to define their populations of interest.Meta-ananlysis Registration: “Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of eating disorders”, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero (Registration Number: CRD42018086497).