Khandra Fahmy

Papaya is a horticultural commodity with considerable economic value and promising market potential. However, improper postharvest handling can damage fruit, particularly during distribution and transportation. Harvested papaya fruits are generally placed directly on the vehicle floor on a base of newspaper or tarpaulin. This practice may cause mechanical damage during transportation and increase postharvest losses. Cardboard boxes are expected to reduce mechanical damage; however, unventilated boxes may promote heat accumulation due to limited air exchange, affecting respiration rate and fruit quality. Therefore, this study aimed to design and evaluate a ventilated cardboard box to maintain papaya fruit quality during transportation. The cardboard box used in this study was a Regular Slotted Container (RSC) made of corrugated board, consisting of an outer packaging (41 × 31 × 22 cm) and an inner packaging (40 × 30 × 21 cm). Ventilation openings were designed to have a total area of 1% and 2% of the box wall area, while a box without ventilation served as the control. Each box contained 12 papaya fruits. We evaluated mechanical injury after transportation, visual damage, weight loss, respiration rate, and total soluble solids. The results showed that a ventilation area equivalent to 1% of the cardboard box wall area yielded the lowest numerically observed damage and maintained papaya fruit quality during transportation. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and ProductionSDG 9: Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureSDG 8: Decent Work and Economic GrowthSDG 2: Zero Hunger SDG 1: No Poverty

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat rancang bangun alat deteksi etilen menggunakan sensor etilen Winsen ZE11 - C2H4 yang berbasis mikrokontroler arduino uno. Komponen alat yang dirancang terdiri dari chamber, sensor etilen, mikrokontroler arduino uno dan perangkat komputer. Rangkaian sensor ini dirancang agar mampu menampilkan nilai etilen secara realtime pada aplikasi PLX-DAQ di Microsoft Excel. Uji performa alat dilakukan menggunakan alpukat Tongar pada umur panen 150 hari, 180 hari, 210 hari dan 240 hari setelah bunga mekar. Alpukat Tongar termasuk buah klimaterik yang mengeluarkan etilen selama tahap pematangan. Etilen yang dihasilkan berupa senyawa berbentuk gas yang sulit dideteksi secara langsung oleh indera manusia karena tidak memiliki warna dan bau. Uji peforma alat menggunakan alpukat Tongar dilakukan selama 5 menit untuk setiap sampel yang digunakan. Berdasarkan hasil uji performa, rangkaian sensor ini terbukti mampu mendeteksi etilen pada alpukat Tongar. Konsentrasi etilen yang terdeteksi oleh rangkaian sensor menunjukkan variasi yang berbeda pada setiap umur panen. Pada umur panen yang lebih tinggi, konsentrasi etilen yang terdeteksi meningkat. Peningkatan konsentrasi etilen seiring bertambahnya umur panen menunjukkan efektivitas sensor ini dalam memonitoring etilen pada buah alpukat Tongar. Berdasarkan penelitian, alat yang dirancang ini berhasil mendeteksi etilen dan berpotensi diterapkan pada produk pertanian lainnya

Extraction techniques are continuously developed by the scientific community. Meanwhile, avocado peel is a by-product of avocado processing and a source of bioactive compounds. The purpose of this review was to summarize the use of advanced techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from avocado peel to help understand which techniques have and have not been applied to avocado peel. Three primary databases were used to collect the information, including Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, by using the keywords “avocado”, “peel”, and “extraction”. Additional keywords related to the extraction technique were also used, including “Microwave-Assisted Extraction”, “Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction”, “Enzyme-Assisted Extraction”, “Pressurized Liquid Extraction”, “Supercritical Fluid Extraction”, “Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents”, “Three-phase partitioning (TPP)”, “Pulsed-Electric Field”, “High Voltage Electric Discharge Plasma”, “Centrifugal Partition Extraction”, and “Surfactant-Mediated Extraction”. The results show that microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, TPP, and natural deep eutectic solvent extraction have been used to retrieve bioactive compounds from avocado peel. Other techniques have not yet been applied for the extraction of bioactive compounds from avocado peel. This article is the first review discussing the advanced extraction technique for retrieving bioactive compounds from avocado peel. This article creates a paradigm for future studies.

Alpukat merupakan salah satu buah yang memiliki umur simpan yang singkat, sehingga buah ini akan cepat rusak jika tidak diberikan perlakuan pascapanen seperti layu, terkelupas, lecet hingga busuk. Pemberian lilin carnauba merupakan salah satu usaha untuk mempertahankan mutu buah alpukat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis dan menentukan konsentrasi terbaik dari pelapisan dengan lilin carnauba terhadap mutu buah alpukat varietas Mega Paninggahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dengan beberapa konsentrasi pelapisan lilin yaitu 0%, 3%, 6%, dan 9% yang disimpan pada suhu ruang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelapisan lilin dengan konsentrasi 6% dengan umur simpan 11 hari adalah perlakuan konsentrasi terbaik dengan nilai kadar air sebesar 80,161%; susut bobot sebesar 4,406%; kekerasan sebesar 76,1 N/cm2; dan TPT sebesar 9,10 Brix; Ph 6,8; dan Vitamin C 38,3.

The objective of this study was to screen the quality marker of stored coconut oil on several temperatures. The method used in this researchis a degree date method with sample observations carried out regularly. Coconut oils were stored at 30°C, 40°C and 50°C. The quality of coconut oil after storage were determined with viscosity was measured by Capillary Viscometer SIBATA S0-6818 and carbonyl compounds analysis were analyzed using Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). The results showed, viscosity decreased with increasing of temperature. The significant decreased in viscosity occurs at 50°C, which is 23,6138 mm²/s. Principle component analysis and discriminant analysis (PCA-DA) on compound carbonyl analysis showed the presence that formed at each temperature. A decreased in viscosity and the presence compounds are marker decline in the quality of coconut oil.

A Michaelis-Menten equation was proposed for predicting the respiration rate of chili as a function of O₂ concentration at 15°C. The respiration rate as O₂ consumption and CO₂ production were measured using the flow-through system method. The low oxygen limit of chili was also determined by the respiratory quotient. Chili was stored at 15°C at various O₂ concentration. Using of Michaelis-Menten type respiration model provided an excellent prediction to examine the behavior of the respiration rate of chili at any O₂ concentration. The lower O₂ limit obtained in this study could be used to estimate the optimum condition in Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) of chili.

Gambier leaves are widely used in cosmetics, beverages, and medicine. Tarantang village in West Sumatera, Indonesia, is famous for its gambier commodity. Farmers usually classify gambier leaves by area and color. They inherit this ability through generations. This research creates a tool to imitate the skill of the farmers to classify gambier leaves. The tool is a box covered from outside light. Two LEDs are attached inside the box to get maintain light intensity. A camera is used to capture the leaf image and a raspberry Pi processes the leaf features. A mini monitor is provided to operate the system. Six hundred and twenty-five gambier leaves were classified into five grades. Leaves categorized into grades 1, 2, and 3 are forbidden to be picked. Grade 4 leaves are allowed to be picked and those in grade 5 are the recommended ones for picking. Leaf features are area, perimeter, and intensity of leaf image. Three artificial neural networks are developed based on each feature. One thousand leaf images were used for training and 500 leaf images were used for testing. The accuracies of the features are about 93%, 96% and 97% for area, perimeter and intensity, respectively. A combination of rules are introduced into the system based on the feature accuracy. Those rules can give 100% accuracy compared to the farmer’s recommendation. A real time application to classify the leaves could provide classification with the same decision result as the classifying performed by the farmers.

The aim of study was to determine the individual effect of UV-C radiation and Hot Water Treatments (HWT) in preserving quality of chili packed in Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) under ambiet temperature storage. Chili was radiated by UV-C for 15 min and for 20 min, with HWT at 45 °C for 15 min and at 53 °C for 4 min, and untreated as control. After treatments, all fruits were packaged and stored at room temperature (25 °C) for 1 month. The results that untreated chilli could be stored for 7 days, treated chilli with UV-C 15 min and HWT at 45 °C for 15 min could be stored for 14 days, while chilli treated with UV-C for 20 min and HWT at 53 °C for 4 min could be stored for 17 days. Among all treatments, chili treated with UV-C for 20 min suppressed the disease severity dan maintained the harvested quality of chilli. This study suggests that combination UV-C irradiated with HWT under low temperature might be extended the shelf life of chilli.

'Merah Delima' papaya is chilling-sensitive products, and injured when stored below threshold-temperature. Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) is the promising method to reduce chilling injury (CI) because it creates gas composition with low O₂ and high CO₂ inside the packed product. Too high CO₂ concentration inside the packed one causes physiological damage of fruit. This study was carried out to investigate the individual effect of high CO₂ in suppressing CI in 'Merah Delima' papaya fruit. Papaya was stored at 10 °C for 16 days under high CO₂ concentration of 4%, 6% CO₂ with 21% O₂, Balance N₂) and ambient air as the control. After storage at 10 °C, fruits were transferred to ambient air at temperature 25 °C for 1 week to evaluate the progress of CI symptoms. Quality parameters including weight loss, firmness as physical indices, skin colour as sensory evaluation and electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content as CI indices were evaluated. The result of study showed that individual high CO₂ concentration reduced development of CI in papaya fruit compared to ambient air. However, too high CO₂ concentration did not give beneficial effect on CI suppression of 'Merah Delima' papaya fruit

Prediksi Tingkat Kematangan Buah Jeruk Siam Gunung Omeh (Citrus Nobilis Var. Microcarpa) dengan Pengolahan Citra