Azizul Islam

Putrescine plays a distinct role in various types of biological functions in all living organisms, as well as environmental stress. The aim of the study is to effect of exogenous putrescine on the physiological condition of the rice seeds investigated. Salt treatment resulted in the reduction of speed of germination, germination, germination energy, germination energy percentage, final germination percentage, shoot and root length, and plant dry weight, where proline content was remarkably increased. Among the rice varieties, BRRI 48 was affected maximum by way of salinity in case of germination and growth, and GHORIAL become least affected in comparison to other varieties. However, exogenous putrescine treatment significantly enhances rice seeds germination, as well as shoot and root length in all varieties. Our findings reveal that plant putrescine tremendously reduced rice salt tolerance.

Environmental stimuli including abiotic stresses, most notably salinity, drought, and cold stress greatly impact the growth, development, productivity, and disposal of plants worldwide. It has been calculated that two-thirds of the sustainable crop productivity are routinely facing a great challenge due to the unfavorable environmental factors by reducing the potential yield. There is a substantial amount of evidence to support that polyamines (PAs) are highly accumulated under abiotic stresses. PAs have a low molecular weight, are positively charged at physiological pH, and have a high affinity for nucleic acids and membrane phospholipids, which are found in all living cells. The most frequently used putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spm), and spermine (Spm) are well-known PAs that play a significant role in cell growth and development, leaf senescence, embryogenesis, and modulating plant tolerance to a wide range of abiotic stresses. These studies are highlights to dissever the action of polyamines mechanism in order to develop new strategies to enhance plant continuity in unfavorable environmental conditions.

How to cite this article: Al Mahtab M, Huq AKMF, Rahman MF, et al. Therapeutic Endoscopy during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study from Bangladesh. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2020;10(1): 47–49.

To defend against pathogens, plants have developed complex immune systems, including plasma membrane receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as chitin from fungal cell walls, and mount a defense response. Here, we identify a chitinase, MoChia1 (Magnaporthe oryzae chitinase 1), secreted by M. oryzae, a fungal pathogen of rice (Oryza sativa). MoChia1 can trigger plant defense responses, and expression of MoChia1 under an inducible promoter in rice enhances its resistance to M. oryzae. MoChia1 is a functional chitinase required for M. oryzae growth and development; knocking out MoChia1 significantly reduced the virulence of the fungus, and we found that MoChia1 binds chitin to suppress the chitin-triggered plant immune response. However, the rice tetratricopeptide repeat protein OsTPR1 interacts with MoChia1 in the rice apoplast. OsTPR1 competitively binds MoChia1, thereby allowing the accumulation of free chitin and re-establishing the immune response. Overexpressing OsTPR1 in rice plants resulted in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species during M. oryzae infection. Our data demonstrate that rice plants not only recognize MoChia1, but also use OsTPR to counteract the function of this fungal chitinase and regain immunity.