Ting-Ting Gong

Xu J, et al. J Gynecol Oncol. 2027 ;38:e4. https://doi.org/10.3802/jgo.2027.38.e4

Background: To evaluate the reproducibility and relative validity of a newly developed 118-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing habitual dietary intake among reproductive-aged women in Northeast China. Methods: A total of 207 eligible reproductive-aged women were enrolled. After exclusions for incomplete records or implausible energy intakes, 192 completed two FFQs (FFQ1 [first FFQ administration] and FFQ2 [second FFQ administration]) 9 months apart, 182 completed the FFQ and four planned 4-day weighed diet records (WDRs). Reproducibility was assessed using crude and energy-adjusted Spearman correlation coefficients (SCC), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), weighted kappa (κw), and quartile misclassification. Relative validity was assessed against WDRs using crude, energy-adjusted, and de-attenuated SCC, κw, and quartile misclassification. Results: For reproducibility, energy-adjusted SCC ranged from 0.32-0.60 (median 0.48) for food groups and 0.30-0.58 (median 0.44) for nutrients; κw ranged from 0.24-0.56 (median 0.43) and 0.26-0.53 (median 0.37), respectively. For validity, de-attenuated SCC ranged from 0.32-0.75 (median 0.57) for food groups and 0.29-0.58 (median 0.48) for nutrients. Same-or-adjacent quartile classification ranged from 76.15%-92.25% (median 85.72%) for reproducibility and 66.94%-85.48% (median 78.23%) for validity, with low extreme misclassification (median < 5% for both). Conclusions: The FFQ demonstrated acceptable reproducibility and relative validity for ranking the habitual intake of most foods and nutrients among reproductive-aged women in Northeast China, supporting its use in epidemiological studies of diet and reproductive health.

Purpose The objective was first to investigate the associations between plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and related metabolites [choline, betaine, L-carnitine, methionine, dimethylglycine (DMG)] and overall survival (OS) in patients diagnosed with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Methods A nested case-control study was conducted within the Ovarian Cancer Follow-Up Study. The study included 159 pairs of deceased and surviving patients, matched by age at diagnosis, body mass index, and sample date. The plasma levels of TMAO and related metabolites at baseline were measured using a liquid chromatography system coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were employed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The elevated plasma TMAO levels in the highest tertile were significantly associated with poorer OS of HGSOC in the multivariate-adjusted model (OR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.11–3.78). Conversely, high levels of choline, betaine, methionine, and total methyl donors exhibited a positive association with improved OS of HGSOC [ORs and 95%CIs (Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1): 0.51 (0.27–0.95), 0.49 (0.25–0.97), 0.40 (0.21–0.76), and 0.26 (0.13–0.54), respectively]. Significant dose-response relationships with OS in HGSOC were also observed for these exposures. However, no associations were observed between L-carnitine, DMG, Betaine/Choline, DMG/Choline, and DMG/Betaine with OS in HGSOC. Conclusion Elevated plasma TMAO levels were associated with poor OS of HGSOC. While increased levels of choline, betaine, methionine, and total methyl donors were related to an improved OS of HGSOC.

Background: To examine associations between accelerometer‐derived “weekend warrior” (WW) physical activity pattern (most moderate‐to‐vigorous‐intensity physical activity in 1–2 days) versus moderate‐to‐vigorous‐intensity physical activity spread more evenly with risks of incident first cardiometabolic disease (FCMD) and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) among hypertension participants. Methods: UK Biobank participants with hypertension (n=26891) provided a full‐week of accelerometer‐derived physical activity data between 2013 and 2015, processed using GGIR and a machine‐learning classifier. CMM was defined as the occurrence of at least 2 of type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. Three activity patterns (WW, regular, and inactive) were compared across multiple thresholds and definitions of active WW, with significance corrected for multiple comparisons at a false discovery rate of 0.05. Results: Over 7.5 years median follow‐up, 2718 individuals developed FCMD and 219 developed CMM. Using the definition of WW as guideline‐based and ≥50% of total moderate‐to‐vigorous‐intensity physical activity over 1 to 2 days via GGIR, we observed similarly lower risks of incident FCMD (WW versus inactive: hazard ratio [HR], 0.75 [95% CI, 0.69–0.82], P =1.4 × 10 ⁻³ ; regular versus inactive: HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.74–0.96], P =2.6 × 10 ⁻² ) and CMM (WW versus inactive: HR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.41–0.83], P =4.0 × 10 ⁻³ ). Both active WW and regular physical activity patterns were associated with lower risk of FCMD compared with inactivity, with no statistically significant differences between the 2 active patterns. However, the result of WW versus inactive for CMM showed no statistical significance. Conclusions: Increased activity, even when concentrated within 1 to 2 days/week may reduce cardiometabolic disease risk in individuals with hypertension.

The Flavodiet Score (FDS) represents flavonoid-rich food intake, but its association with breast cancer risk and whether genetic risk modifies this association remain unclear. We analyzed data from 93,271 females in the UK Biobank with a median follow-up of 11.8 years. Associations were examined using delayed-entry Cox proportional hazards regression models. The polygenic risk score (PRS) for breast cancer was constructed based on 168 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Results showed that females in the highest FDS quintile had a 15% reduced risk compared with those in the lowest quintile. Higher intakes of specific flavonoid subclasses (such as flavanones and proanthocyanidins) and of flavonoid-rich foods (including oranges and apples) were also associated with reduced breast cancer risk. Furthermore, the association between FDS and breast cancer risk did not vary significantly according to menopausal status. Notably, among females with high PRS, those in the highest quintile of FDS showed a significantly reduced breast cancer risk. In conclusion, adherence to a flavonoid-rich diet may reduce breast cancer risk, providing valuable guidance for future intervention studies and public health strategies.

Resveratrol has shown health benefits like anti-obesity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. To resolve conflicting findings and clarify its impact

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects 38% of adults worldwide. While diet influences MASLD development through multiple pathways, the role of gut microbiota-targeted dietary patterns remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) and incident MASLD risk, and to identify metabolomic signatures that may mediate this relationship. We analyzed data from 100,953 UK Biobank participants with detailed dietary and metabolomic information. The DI-GM was calculated based on 14 food components with established effects on gut microbiota. Plasma metabolomic profiling was performed using NMR spectroscopy. A metabolic signature was derived through LASSO regression with cross-validation. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident MASLD. During a median follow-up of 13.46 years, 1,221 cases of MASLD were documented. Each one-point increase in DI-GM was associated with a 15% reduction in MASLD risk (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.80–0.90). Participants in the highest DI-GM (≥ 7) had a HR of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.58–0.80) compared to the lowest (≤ 4). The metabolomic analysis identified a signature of 92 metabolites strongly correlated with DI-GM (r = 0.30, P < 0.001). This signature was associated with a 26% reduction in MASLD risk per standard deviation increase (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.69–0.79). Mediation analysis revealed that the metabolic signature explained 34.2% (95% CI: 19.3%–60.6%) of the association between DI-GM and MASLD risk. Higher adherence to a gut microbiota supportive dietary pattern is associated with reduced risk of MASLD. The association is partially mediated through favorable alterations in metabolism. These findings support the implementation of gut microbiota-focused dietary strategies for chronic liver disease prevention. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-026-01297-8.