Anna V. Koteneva

It is important to investigate the personal factors that affect the biological age and the rate of aging of specialists. It was assumed that life values can both raise and lower their biopsychological age. The sample consisted of 61 law enforcement officers aged 22 to 44 years (average age 32.5 years), of which 40 were male and 21 were female. The average professional experience is 10.5 years. In the survey, 3 methods were used, and correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used for data processing. The results of the study show that a number of values are factors of the biological and psychological age of law enforcement officers, their rate of aging and psychobiological maturity. The obtained data should be taken into account in the process of their psychological preparation for professional activity and prevention of stress disorders.

The challenges of modern civilization resulted in the premature biological and psychological aging of professionals of working age. This phenomenon raises both medical and psychological problems associated with personality factors that affect psychobiological maturity and the rate of aging. The influence of religiosity and spirituality on biopsychological age remains the least studied area of psychology. Progress in this area will help to identify the components of religiosity—predictors of the aging rate of professionals. The sample included 295 people (148 women) aged 24 to 54 years (average age 31.7 years) and consisted of Christians (67.12%), Muslims (5.76%), Buddhists, deists, Shintoists, etc., (7.79%) and atheists (17.29%). The average work experience was 9 years. Using correlation analysis and methods of multivariate linear regression and t-test for independent samples, we found that the religiosity of professionals increases with natural aging and deterioration of their physical condition and does not depend on gender. Religiosity to a greater extent affects psychological age, the indicator of the psychobiological maturity of a professional and, to a lesser extent, biological age. Most of the indicators of religiosity are inherent in a person who is more mature in psychobiological terms. The biological age of professionals increases due to asthenic experiences, while gaining faith in God, unusual religious experiences and the existential meaning of life can reduce it. An increase in the spirituality of professionals is associated with a slowdown in the rate of biological aging.

The COVID-19 pandemic, combined with high transmission and mortality rates of the infection, created an unprecedented state of emergency worldwide. The risk of infection and death, the experience of social isolation, alongside with loss of control over the situation and frightening information caused the "pandemic of fear" that had spread across regions and countries. The aim of this review is to summarize and to analyze the results of numerous studies of the COVID-19 pandemic psychological consequences for the population of different countries and the world as a whole, as well as for individual categories of population, and COVID-19 related risk factors. Relatively high levels of fear, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychological distress and stress have been observed and continue to be observed among the population of China, Spain, Italy, Iran, the United States, Turkey, Nepal, Denmark, and other countries. The most severe symptoms of psychological trauma are demonstrated by medical workers, women, young people, those who had lost their jobs during the crisis, people with chronic diseases, etc. It is especially important to continue international and interdisciplinary researches aimed at identifying and mitigating the dangerous effects of COVID-19 on people's mental health and psychological well-being.

In a situation of increasing socio-political contradictions, terrorist threats, man-made, natural disasters and a pandemic, the relevance of the study of the psychological safety of the individual, factors and mechanisms that ensure the safe existence of a person increases. The article analyzes the components of the psychological safety of a person as an integral quality: moral-communicative, motivational-volitional, value-semantic and inner comfort. The results of studies of the psychological safety of a person in the context of meaning formation, overcoming behavior, and experiencing probabilistic threats to subjective well-being are presented.

Psychological safety of a specialist’s personality in stressful situations is a condition of his successful professional work. The empirical study is devoted to the investigation of personal qualities (stress resistance, religiosity and moral stability) underlying the psychological safety of future miners. The research involved 52 students aged from 18 to 25 years (average age – 19.9 years), 30 males and 22 females. Research methods: “Diagnostics of personality’s psychological safety” by I. I. Prikhodko, “Questionnaire of religiosity” by I. S. Shemet, “Friend-adviser-1” (DS-1) by E. K. Veselova, “Questionnaire of psychological resistance to stress” by E. V. Raspopin, “Psychological stress scale PSM-25” by Lemur-Thesier-Fillion. Academic success was assessed on the basis of students’ academic performance. Methods of mathematical statistics were used for data processing – T-criterion for independent samples, correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study show that young men are characterized by a higher level of overall safety index and its specific components-motivational, volitional and internal comfort, as well as a lower level of stress, moral stability than young women. Significant positive connections between psychological safety of the person, all its components and stress resistance among students are revealed. Religiosity is significantly associated with the motivational and volitional characteristics of students, and is also the main predictor of psychological safety of the individual in life situations that exceed their own resources of coping with stress. Moral stability provides spiritual safety of personality, allows to keep the deep personal beginning of man. However, in a situation of moral choice, it increases students’ mental tension which negatively affects academic performance, while the psychological safety of the person is a condition for successful completion of the session. This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation № 19-18-00058.

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the volitional component of the personality’s psychological security and its impact on the professional success of extreme physicians. The results of the study of resuscitators and ambulance physicians (70 people, average age 47.9 years) show that a high level of volitional self-regulation is combined with such strong-willed qualities as perseverance, self-control, self-government, as well as self-control in various spheres of life. Professional success of physicians at the stage of “middle maturity” is characterized not only by a high level of development of personal, psychological and professional qualities, formed skills, effectiveness of medical manipulations, but also by high degree of self-efficacy in the fields of activity and interpersonal. The higher the level of volitional self-regulation of physicians, the higher the effectiveness of their activities according to expert assessments and self-efficacy in the field of activity. All physicians, regardless of the level of volitional self-regulation, have a high level of self-control in the emotional sphere and self-efficacy in the field of interpersonal relations, as well as well-formed professional skills and abilities.

In this paper the authors study the relationship between psychological resistance of future miners to stress factors and their well-being in extreme conditions and personal qualities. The research involved 67 students aged from 18 to 25 years (average age – 19.5 years), 49 males and 18 females. The «Questionnaire of psychological resistance to stress» by E.V. Raspopin, the questionnaire «Well-being in extreme conditions» by A. Volkov, N. Vodopianova, «Psychological stress scale PSM-25» by Lemur-Thesier-Fillion and a «Brief version of the NEO PI-R questionnaire » by P. Costa, R. MacRae were used for the diagnosis of psychological characteristics. The results of correlation analysis showed that the higher the level of psychological resistance to stress factors (novelty, time deficit, uncertainty, monotony, information and physical activity, etc.), the lower the level of psychological stress and the higher emotional, volitional and vegetative stability among students. Well-being, stress level, psychological resistance to stressors and personal qualities are closely related. The results of the study can be used for psychological preparation of students for professional activities in extreme conditions in the process of training and education in higher educational institutions.

Профессиональная деятельность водолазов-спасателей осуществляется в экстремальных условиях, представляющих угрозу для их здоровья и жизни. Предполагалось, что целый ряд профессионально важных качеств,

The study focuses on examining the adaptive skills and specifics of professional self-esteem of the penitentiary system officials with varying levels of success in adapting to their duty performance. 50 individuals took part in the questioning: 25 men and 25 women aged 24-51 (the average age is 33), with 1 to 5 years of experience (the average length of service is 4 years). Five methods were used for diagnosis. For data processing we used Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis. The results of the study indicate that the effectiveness of adaptation is helped by the official's psychological qualities such as the internal locus of control, mental stability, adaptive and communicative skills, moral normativity. The more successfully an official adjusts to the conditions and content of his/her official duties, the more positive his/her professional self-esteem is, the greater are his/her self-efficacy, professional and life satisfaction. Difficulties in the officials' adaptation to their professional environment entail a decline in their general state, emergence of somatovegetative disorders, reduced motivation for work, deterioration of their social interaction.

The article presents the results of the study of the life-meaning orientations of the penitentiary system staff and how they are related to their biopsychological age. The sample consisted of 70 individuals - 42 men and 28 women. The average age of the staff was 31 and their average length of service was 7.6 years. The study used "The Purpose-in-Life orientations" test (Leontyev D.A), the "Spirituality" scale in the "Resilience of adults" method (Makhnach A.V.) and the psychobiological age research method by Abulkhanova K.A. and Berezina T.N.. For statistical treatment of data we used t-test for independent samples, correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that men have higher indicators of biological and psychological age, accelerated rate of biological aging. The health status of employees improves as they become more spiritual, achieve life goals, increase productivity, and are satisfied with self-realization. The following factors serve as predictors of biological age and rapidity of ageing: gender, length of service, life goals, acceptance of life events and psychobiological maturity.