Ying Ji

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease that profoundly impacts patients’ daily lives. While pharmacological therapies continue to advance, less is known about how patients experience the burden of disease across different periods after IPF diagnosis, resulting in a lack of evidence for the development and optimisation of patient-centred intervention strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how individuals with IPF experience the disease and its impact on daily life in China. Methods: This multicentre qualitative study was conducted using semistructured interviews with participants from six geographic regions in China between November 2024 and March 2025. Participants were grouped by time since diagnosis to reflect different periods following diagnosis. Data were collected and analysed inductively and iteratively by using practical thematic analysis until thematic saturation was achieved. Results: 53 participants were interviewed to explore the patient experience at different periods following IPF diagnosis. Thematic analysis identified that participants commonly reported the influence of IPF on quality of life, including (1) symptom experience, (2) sleep, (3) eating habits, (4) physical activity, (5) social participation, (6) psychological well-being and (7) financial status. Cough and breathlessness were consistently reported as the most troubling symptoms, often accompanied by psychological challenges related to diagnosis and disease progression. Conclusions: The findings highlight the experience and need for patient-centred care across China that addresses not only clinical symptoms but also emotional and social dimensions of living with IPF. Enhancing public awareness may also help reduce stigma and social isolation.

Insufficient physical activity (PA) among children has become a major global public health concern. The family environment plays a crucial role in shaping children’s weekend PA, yet evidence-based interventions in this context remain scarce This study will conduct a three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial, ‘WeekendGo!’ guided by an integrated theoretical framework that encompasses the Social Cognitive Theory, Health Action Process Approach and Family Functioning Theory, aimed at promoting children’s weekend PA. Approximately 555 children and their parents will be recruited and randomised into three groups: a staged intervention group (intervention I), a general intervention group (intervention II) and a control group, for 12 months. The primary outcome will be the children’s weekend moderate-to-vigorous PA. Secondary outcomes will include children’s cognitive factors such as self-efficacy, perceived barriers and resources, motivation and behavioural intention. Generalised linear mixed-effects models will be used for analysis, adhering to the intention-to-treat principle, with missing data handled through multiple imputation. Trial registration number: ChiCTR2500095942.

China launched a major health-care reform in 2009 aimed to provide all citizens with equal access to basic health care with reasonable quality and financial risk protection. Since then, China has made substantial progress toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC). However, the access of UHC among internal migrants might be disadvantaged compared with local residents. This study aimed to provide an assessment of inequalities and trends in internal migrants’ access to Universal Health Coverage. Six rounds (2013–2018) of the China Migrants Dynamic Survey were used including 976,430 respondents. Financial protection was measured using the basic medical insurance enrollment proportion (BMIEP) and hospital reimbursement rate (HRB). Essential health services were measured using the standardized health record establishment proportion (SHREP) and standardized health education intervention coverage (SHEIC). The Erreyers Index (EI) and Wagstaff Index (WI) were used to measure socio-economic related UHC inequalities. The process of the Recentered Influence Function (RIF)-Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method was used to decompose risk factors of the EI and WI. The average coverage rate of SHREP and SHEIC were 24.3% and 75.7%, respectively. The average coverage rate of BMIEP and the percentage of HRB were 87.4% and 58.3% respectively. Regarding inequalities, it was found that for SHREP and SHEIC, the general trends of inequalities raised while for BMIEP, the general trends decreased. Regarding HRB, it was less inequalities in 2018 compared with 2014. RIF-OLS regression showed that both individual factors and regional factors contributed to the inequalities in UHC among China’s internal migrants. Progress has been made in financial protection of migrants as the high coverage of BMIEP and its decrease in inequalities as well as lower inequalities in 2014 of HRB compared with 2018. While challenges remained in the lower coverage rate of SHEIC and increasing inequalities of SHREP and SHEIC. Policy efforts on narrowing down both individual and regional inequalities should be put forward.

Background: Community volunteering plays a crucial role in strengthening public health emergency response, particularly during respiratory infectious disease outbreaks. However, limited research has examined the extent of resident participation and the factors influencing engagement in such efforts. This study investigated the prevalence and determinants of community volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic and other respiratory infectious disease outbreaks in China. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey and included data from 1,023 residents residing in five provinces in China (Beijing, Guangdong, Heilongjiang, Hubei, and Yunnan) between early 2020 and March 2023. Participants reported their sociodemographic factors, volunteer activities, related motivations and barriers during the pandemic. We used logistic regression models to identify factors associated with volunteering. Results: Of the respondents, 65.9% participated in community volunteering during the pandemic, with the most common roles related to nucleic acid testing. The primary motivation for volunteering was value expression. Main barriers to participation included a lack of time, limited professional skills, and concerns about the risk of infection. Higher odds of participation were observed among respondents who held at least a bachelor’s degree (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.21–5.48), worked in community (AOR = 4.32, 95% CI: 2.56–7.28) or health‑care roles (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.31–4.67), were Communist Party members (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.07–2.64), or had volunteered regularly before 2020 (AOR = 3.02, 95% CI: 2.51–3.64), while single/divorced/widowed individuals had lower odds of participation (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39–0.94) (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Community volunteering could constitute a substantial auxiliary workforce during respiratory epidemics in China. Integrating volunteers into emergency preparedness may require institutionalized training programs, transparent management structures, as well as legal and policy safeguards that recognize volunteers’ contributions and mitigate perceived risks. Such measures are likely to strengthen community resilience in future public‑health emergencies.

This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with intraoperative hypertension and new-onset electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities in hypertensive patients undergoing tooth extraction. This case-control study included 2,059 cases of tooth extractions performed in hypertensive patients under intraoperative ECG monitoring at Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at four key time points. We specifically analyzed patients who required antihypertensive intervention and those with new-onset intraoperative ECG abnormalities, employing logistic regression to identify independent risk factors. Additionally, ROC curves were used to determine the optimal cutoff points for linear variables, thereby developing the most effective predictive model. A total of 8.01% of patients required temporary intraoperative antihypertensive medication for blood pressure control, while 37.20% exhibited transient intraoperative ECG abnormalities. Only two cases resulted in temporary procedure termination due to inadequate blood pressure control, while all other procedures were successfully completed. Preoperative systolic blood pressure(SBP) ≥ 159 mmHg (AUC = 0.91, Sensitivity = 84.24%, Specificity = 88.75%) and operative time (OR = 3.620, P<0.001) were significantly associated with intraoperative blood pressure fluctuations. In addition, sex (OR = 0.796, P = 0.019), age (OR = 1.024, P < 0.001), history of cerebrovascular disease (OR = 1.301, P = 0.020), SBP at the start of the operation (OR = 1.011, P = 0.006), number of teeth extracted per session (OR = 1.182, P < 0.001), and estimated operative time (OR = 1.236, P = 0.017) were all significantly associated with new-onset intraoperative ECG abnormalities. Intraoperative hypertension was strongly associated with preoperative SBP ≥ 159 mmHg and prolonged operative time. New-onset intraoperative ECG abnormalities were significantly associated with both patient-related factors (age, sex, cerebrovascular disease, baseline BP) and procedural variables (number of teeth extracted, and operative time). This study provides evidence-based recommendations for optimizing cardiovascular risk management in hypertensive patients undergoing oral procedures, highlighting the need for individualized monitoring strategies.

Introduction: To describe the prevalence of smoking among Chinese women in the workforce and to investigate its potential associated factors from a multilevel perspective. Aims and Methods: The study was based on data collected from the “Asia Best Workplace” program in 2021. We obtained a sample of 6260 women in the workforce and collected the data using a self-administered questionnaire, including occupational characteristics, utilization of workplace health services, and mental health status. We employed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine the associations between interested variables and the smoking status of women in the workforce. Results: The prevalence of smoking among Chinese women in the workforce was 3.4%. After controlling for potential confounders, factors that were associated with smoking included field sales personnel (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 3.45, 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.29–5.18, reference: white collar), mixed shift workers (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.66–3.53), working overtime every day (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.38–3.74, reference: no overtime work), having depressive (AOR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07–1.13) or anxiety symptoms (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.13–1.39), and daily exposure to secondhand smoke (AOR = 12.54, 95% CI: 8.70–18.05). Women with access to infirmaries (AOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18–0.81) and fitness facilities (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38–0.96) were less likely to smoke. Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking among Chinese women in the workforce was low. Smoking cessation programs for women in the workforce may benefit from taking into account the nature of their work, whether there were night shifts and overtime working. Implications: Smoking takes a huge toll on women, and women in the workforce face additional health challenges. Little is known about the specific factors associated with smoking among women in the workforce. Women who were field sales personnel, managers, working night or irregular shifts, and frequent overtime workers should be considered vulnerable subpopulations for smoking. Providing accessible workplace health services and resources is associated with a lower likelihood of smoking. Smoking cessation programs may consider the specific occupational and workplace factors that influence smoking behavior in this population, as well as address mental health needs.

Background: Influenza poses a substantial health burden, especially among older adults in China. While vaccination is one of the most effective preventions, influenza vaccine uptake rates among Chinese older adults remain low. This study examines the individual and combined effects of behavioral interventions based on the Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills (IMB) model and economic incentives in promoting influenza vaccine uptake among older adults living in China. Methods: The study will recruit 640 older adults living in eight communities that have not been covered by the free influenza vaccination policy. These eight communities (as clusters), stratified by urban and rural, will be randomized to four parallel arms, including a usual care arm, an IMB-based behavioral intervention arm, a conditional economic incentive arm, and a combined behavioral-economic arm. The interventions will start from the beginning of the flu season and last for about one month. Specifically, the IMB-based behavioral intervention encompasses health education brochures, healthcare provider-led lectures, interactive quizzes, and personalized consultations. The exact number of economic incentives is conditional on the timing of vaccination (a higher amount for early immunization) and the number of people within a household to be vaccinated at the same appointment (a higher amount for more people). The primary outcome is the influenza vaccination rate. Data will be gathered through vaccination records and questionnaires covering IMB-based vaccination cognitions. Mixed-effects models will be used to analyze the outcome of vaccination rate, reporting difference-in-differences estimates with 95% confidence intervals. Conclusions: The results of this study have the potential to inform influenza vaccination program scaleup among older adults who are not yet covered by the free influenza vaccination policy. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval has been granted by the ethics commission of Peking University Health Science Centre (IRB00001052-24090). Participants will be required to sign a written consent form. Findings will be reported in conferences and peer-reviewed publications in accordance with the recommendations of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials. Registration number: This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400090229).

Background: Previous research examined the associations between social support and physical activity. However, little is known about the associations between social support change and trajectories of physical activity during the transition from late adolescence to young adulthood. Methods: The current study sought to examine these issues among 434 Chinese college students (M_age = 19.15, SD_age = 0.61; 46.1% male), who completed questionnaires regarding demographics, physical activity, family support change, and peer support change across three waves (the data from one of the waves was retrospective). Results: After controlling for covariates, the findings revealed that: (a) there was an increase in overall physical activity and duration, but a decrease in frequency during the transition from late adolescence (the second year of high school) to young adulthood (the third year of college); (b) family support change did not contribute to trajectories of physical activity, while peer support change significantly predicted the trajectory of overall physical activity, duration, and frequency. Conclusions: The findings extend the literature on physical activity from a developmental perspective by revealing different trends among physical activity duration and frequency, and unpacking different effects of family and peer support change on trajectories of physical activity.

Background: Health behaviors developed in the college years tend to persist in adulthood. However, distinct changing patterns of food choices and physical activity (PA) and their predictors are still less clear among college students. The current study sought to explore changes of food choices and PA, as well as the effects of personal and interpersonal factors.Method: Two-wave longitudinal data was collected from a sample of 431 Chinese college students (Mean baseline age = 19.15 ± 0.61 years; 45.7% male). A validated self-reported food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of food choices. The Chinese revised version of physical activity rating scale was used to assess physical activity. Latent profile analysis, latent transition analysis, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Results: Two profiles of food choices, i.e.,Avoiding staples(5.1% at Time 1) andVaried diet(94.9% at Time 1), were identified at both timepoints. 90.9% remained the same profiles over time, 63.6% participants in theAvoiding staplesprofile shifted to theVaried dietprofile, and only 6.3% of those in theVaried dietprofile shifted to theAvoiding staplesprofile. Negative body shape-related belief was related to the translation from theVaried dietprofile to theAvoiding staplesprofile. Further, four profiles of PA, i.e.,Inactives(51.0% at Time 1),Low activies(26.0% at Time 1),Moderate activies(15.3% at Time 1), andActivies(7.7% at Time 1), were identified at both timepoints. 50.8% remained the same profiles over time, 38.6%Inactiviesshifted to the other profiles, and 48.5%Activiesshifted to the other profiles over time. Participants with higher self-efficacy showed an increase in PA over time, and those with lower self-efficacy and lower peer support showed a decrease in PA over time.Conclusions: Overall, most of college students remained the same food choices profiles, and body shape-related belief contributed to changes in food choices profiles. About half of college students experienced changes in PA, and the predictors of such changes were peer support and self-efficacy. The findings extend the understanding of the personal and interpersonal predictors of health behaviors among college students from a dynamic perspective.