Guadalupe Molina-Torres

Background: Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) encompasses the set of clinical alterations characterised by a loss of muscular control or an incoordination in the activity of the muscles that make up this region. In the female population, the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) is between 24% and 45%, making it the most common PFD. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) occurs when there is an increase in intra- abdominal pressure, such as when coughing, sneezing or lifting heavy objects, causing involuntary urine leakage. It is common for elite gymnasts to experience an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, exacerbating the onset of SUI. Case description: 25-year-old patient who started practising rhythmic gymnastics at the age of 9. In the anamnesis, the patient reported that for about 8 years she had been experiencing SUI during training and competitions. The patient refers that factors such as fatigue or stressful situations influence her presentation. Objective: The main objective of this clinical case is the improvement of UI symptomatology during sports practice, through the use of the proprioceptive trunk. Intervention: The physiotherapy intervention was carried out over six weeks with a frequency of three sessions per week and was structured under an active, guided treatment approach. The sessions lasted approximately 30 minutes. In the first phase of the intervention the aim was to improve the patient’s proprioception and pelvic floor activation; in the second phase, the aim was to strengthen the core musculature and the scapulohumeral region, while ensuring the maintenance of proper body posture; finally, the final phase consisted of the application of the intervention to functionality within the sporting context. Conclusions: In this patient with SUI, an improvement has been observed in the symptomatology that she presented at the beginning of the intervention, achieving significant advances both at an objective level, with the self-reported questionnaires and the voiding diary, and at a subjective level in her sensations when practising sport.

Background: Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) affects all aspects of life in women. The Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire (PFBQ) is a comprehensive questionnaire that objectively assesses how PFD affects a patient’s quality of life (QoL). However, owing to the absence of a Spanish version of this questionnaire, it cannot be used in Spanish-speaking countries. Methods: A cross-cultural adaptation process was performed in five steps in accordance with the International Test Commission Guidelines. Subsequently, a validation study of the Spanish version of the PFBQ (PFBQ-Sp) was conducted. Reliability, internal consistency and validity were analysed using the Urogenital Distress Inventory, EuroQol 5-Dimension Health Questionnaire (EuroQoL-5D), 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Female Sexual Function Index and measures of error and responsiveness. A total of 243 women participated in this study, and data were collected between March and December 2022. Results: A total of 243 women were enrolled. The instrument showed good reliability, as indicated by a Cronbach’s α of 0.915 and test-retest reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.773–0.868). Measurement error, expressed as the standard error of measurement, was 1.155, and the corresponding minimal detectable change at 90% confidence was 2.695. Conclusions: The PFBQ-Sp has been shown to be a valid and reliable measure, suitable for the clinical and research assessment of PFDs in Spanish women.

Background: The Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire (MSISQ-15) is a questionnaire designed to assess Sexual Dysfunction symptoms in multiple sclerosis patients; its first version was created in English and has been validated in 7 other languages. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to analyze the structural characteristics and psychometric properties of the different versions of the MSISQ-15. Methods: An analysis of the different versions of this questionnaire was carried out. The quality of the evidence was rated according to the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A systematic review was carried out in different databases, such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Dialnet, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL. The following selection criteria were considered: studies that included cross-cultural validation of the MSISQ-15, studies with a sample of the population with multiple sclerosis and suffering from sexual dysfunction, studies that presented psychometric properties with total and/or domain scores of the MSISQ-15, and studies with a sample of the population over 18 years of age. Studies that used the MSISQ-15 as an outcome measure or to validate another instrument, and studies with inconclusive results, were excluded. Results: A total of seven studies were analyzed with regard to structural characteristics and psychometric properties, such as reliability, internal consistency, construct validity, and criterion validity. Conclusions: The different versions of the MSISQ-15 are valid for use in the Polish, German, Italian, French, Turkish, Greek, and Spanish populations, and it will be necessary to adapt the questionnaire to other languages for use with patients with multiple sclerosis in other countries.

Background and Objectives: Questionnaires are patient-reported outcome measures that require a validation process to assess their reliability and replicability. Over time, questionnaires have not only focused on a single health condition, such as neck pain, but also expanded their assessment spectrum to other areas in order to gather additional and relevant information from the patient. The main objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the different structural and psychometric characteristics of neck pain questionnaires. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA recommendations. The search strategy was implemented across various databases (PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINHAL, Trip Medical Database, Scopus) using terms such as neck pain, cervicalgia, cervical pain, questionnaire, survey, index, validity, validation, and reliability. COSMIN criteria were used to identify valid questionnaires for this systematic review based on their psychometric properties. Results: A total of 15 articles were identified in this systematic review, of which 8 assessed the level of disability, while the rest evaluated dizziness in neck pain, anxiety and/or depression, beliefs about fear and avoidance, and perception of scarring and symptoms after neck surgery. The main findings show that neck pain questionnaires exhibit very good values for reliability and internal consistency, along with a high variability for construct validity. Conclusions: This study highlights the good values exhibited by neck pain questionnaires despite their heterogeneity in structural characteristics, demonstrating good values in psychometric properties. Nevertheless, the latter should be further investigated to gather more information.

Adolescents have a greater risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which is a serious public health problem. Education is an effective strategy to improve adolescent sexual health outcomes. However, Spanish adolescents have a lack of sex education. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions and opinions of a sample of adolescents regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Photovoice is a research method that uses the search for images of everyday events with the intention of bringing about social change. An exploratory, descriptive design was used with a qualitative approach based on the Photovoice methodology. The sample consisted of 26 high school and baccalaureate students of Almería (Spain) selected through a convenience sample. The age of the participants ranged from 14 to 17 years, with a mean age of 15.31 years. Two main categories were extracted from the data analysis: ‘Towards a culture of preventing STIs and promoting healthy sexual practices’ and ‘Adolescents’ needs from their perspective’. In conclusion, numerous changes take place at the biopsychosocial level during adolescence that imply a need to explore their sexuality in depth. A lack of knowledge and a carefree attitude during sexual initiation can increase the risk of developing STIs. The study’s adolescents stated that they do not have adequate sex education to acquire sufficient knowledge about sexuality and sexual health, and therefore, request that the traditional format be modified in order to achieve better results.

Background: For health professionals, gamification is a new teaching method that has achieved an important role in recent years, with excellent results in learning and knowledge acquisition. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the gaming experience through different gamification resources in the classroom with physiotherapy students.Methods: A comparative study on gamification-based teaching resources was carried out during the first semester of the 2021–2022 academic year. A total of 33 physiotherapy students participated in this study. After the theoretical topics were taught, the participants were invited to participate in different gamification resources such as Kahoot!, Physiotherapy Party and Escape Room. The gaming experience with the different gamification resources was measured with the GAMEX scale.Results: The Physiotherapy Party showed a higher score in relation to the enjoyment dimension compared to the Kahoot! and Escape Room (p = 0.004). The Escape Room presented higher scores in absorption, creative thinking, activation and dominance compared to Kahoot! and Physiotherapy Party (p < 0.005).Conclusions: Gamification resources promote enjoyment and creativity in the students in the classroom. The use of new teaching methods based on gamification, such as Escape Room as Physiotherapy Party should be considered as first choice in the use of gamification resources due to the benefits they bring to students.

Background: Neck pain is highly prevalent and one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions. Instruments that measure the factors involved in neck pain accurately are needed for clinical assessment. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are reliable, cost-effective, and specific tools for the assessment of musculoskeletal problems at different moments. The Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire (NBQ) assesses pain, function, disability, and psychological and social variables in patients with cervical pathologies. The aim of this study was to perform an adaptation and validation into Spanish of the NBQ (NBQ-Sp). Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was carried out through translation, adaptation, and validation. A total of 129 patients with neck pain, of Spanish nationality, and over 18 years of age were included. Results: The NBQ-Sp showed excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach’s α of 0.897, test–retest reliability with interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.866, and standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC) values were 1.302 and 3.038, respectively. A Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value of 0.857 was obtained, and Bartlett’s test yielded p < 0.001, finding one factor in the factor analysis. Conclusion: The NBQ-Sp has proven to be a valid and reliable tool for clinicians and researchers to measure neck pain in the Spanish population.

Objectives: The aim of this study was the cultural adaptation, Spanish translation and validation of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) Overuse Injury Questionnaire in an adult population. Design: In this study, a cross-sectional design was used. Methods: This study was divided into two phases: (1) cross-cultural adaptation of the original version of the OSTRC to a Spanish version (OSTRC-Sp) and (2) analysis of the psychometric properties of the OSTRC-Sp. A total of 427 handball players of both sexes and over 18 years of age participated in the study. Results: The translated version of the questionnaire showed a very high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.954), while the subscales showed an internal consistency between 0.832 and 0.961, with the endmost values being for shoulder and low back pain, respectively. On the other hand, when analysing item responses, the OSTRC-Sp showed ICC values ranging from 0.844 to 0.956, the former being for the first back question (back_1), and the latter for the fourth shoulder question (shoulder_4), in line with most published versions. Conclusion: The Spanish version of the OSTRC is a reliable and valid tool that can be used by researchers and clinicians in a Spanish-speaking population with musculoskeletal disorders.