Firdes Ulas

A hydroponic study was conducted to evaluate whether grafting with some hybrid tomato rootstock could enhance tolerance to salinity of some local tomato sc

Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in crops refers to the yield gain per unit of N available in status of soil. Genetic modification or breeding techniques ensure excellent N absorption from the soil, and efficient utilization can improve it. To improve NUE and reduce production losses initiated by low Nitrogen Efficiency (NE) in maximum yielded vegetable crops, the principle is to graft these crops onto rootstocks that can improve scion NE in both minimum-input and maximum-input crop structures. Grafting at vegetable species is horticultural technique that combines numerous scions and rootstocks to enhance biotic and abiotic stress tolerances. N‑efficient rootstock can enhance crop’s NUE, which relies upon genotypic variability of both scion and the root stock, as well as their interactions in the graft combination. This review that consolidates existing data on the adverse influences of low and high N enrichment in vegetable crops, highlighting significance of balanced N management to reach optimum growth, yield, and fruit quality, and the position of vegetable grafting for improving NUE by grafting with N‑efficient rootstocks at sustainable horticultural crop production. Additionally, we reviewed all the newest data regarding grafting using various vegetable rootstocks to enhance growth and development, NUE, yield, and quality. This report may help scientists and producers improve yield and quality at low and high N levels in vegetable crops. We assess the report’s findings on how grafting can enhance productivity in horticultural production systems at both low and high N conditions.

In evaluations conducted under high and low nitrogen conditions, the morphological and physiological performance of pepper genotypes was compared across tissue culture and hydroponic systems. Under low nitrogen conditions, most genotypes showed similar rankings in both systems, indicating stable and environment-independent genotypic responses. Notably, 21 H-1-1, ERÜ 462, and ERÜ 457 consistently performed well across all traits, whereas 24-H-6, 29-H-10, and ERÜ 1248 ranked among the lowest-performing genotypes. In contrast, under high nitrogen conditions, genotypic performance varied more strongly depending on the cultivation system. Genotypes grown in tissue culture showed greater biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake. While 21 H-1-1, ERÜ 462, and ERÜ 457 were among the top performers in tissue culture, their counterparts in hydroponic culture exhibited relatively lower performance. This indicates that system-specific effects play a more prominent role under high nitrogen supply. Considering both nitrogen levels, 21 H-1-1 and ERÜ 462 emerged as promising candidates for breeding programs due to their high nitrogen use efficiency and consistent performance across multiple environments. If a low-cost selection approach is desired, preliminary selection under low nitrogen conditions using tissue culture may be sufficient and effective for genotype differentiation.

Sebzelerin Tanımlanması ve Sebze Tarımının Tarihçesi Muharrem ERGUN Kültür Sebzelerin Gen Merkezi ve Sınıflandırılması Zeki KARİPÇİN Sebzelerin Beslenme ve İnsan Sağlığı Bakımından Önemi Nusret ÖZBAY Aygül KARACA Sebzeciliğin Ülke Ekonomisindeki Yeri,Üretim Bölgeleri ve Değerlendirme Şekilleri Nusret ÖZBAY Sebze İşletmelerinin Kurulacağı YerinSeçiminde Etkili Faktörler Yahya NAS Sebzelerin İklim ve Toprak İstekleri Aygül KARACA Sebze Üretiminde Kullanılan Yetiştiricilik Sistemleri Nusret ÖZBAY Aygül KARACA Sebzelerde Çoğaltma Teknikleri Eren ÖZDEN Sebzelerde Fide Yetiştiriciliği Faika YARALI KARAKAN Sebzelerde Ekim-Dikim Uygulamaları Firdes ULAŞ Sebze Yetiştiriciliğinde Sulama ve Sulama Yöntemleri Selçuk SÖYLEMEZ Sebzelerde Bitki Besleme ve Gübreleme Ali Rıza DEMİRKIRAN Sebzelerde Hasat Sonu Teknolojileri ve Muhafazası Muharrem ERGUN

Çalışmada Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinden temin edilen kıl, sivri ve dolma biber saf hatların ve farklı biber anaçlarının büyüme, bitkisel gelişim ve yaprak fizyolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışma sonucunda güçlü kök yapısına olanlar ve zayıf gelişen saf hatlar belirlenerek, bir sonraki çalışmada güçlü kök yapısına sahip olanlar üzerine zayıf gelişen saf hatların aşılanması ile güçlü köklerin bitkisel gelişim üzerindeki etkisi test edilmiştir. Çalışma Erciyes Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü’ne ait olan serada 3 tekrarlı olarak 8 L’lik plastik kovalarda sürekli hava sirkülasyonunun sağlandığı besin çözeltisinde yapılmış; kıl biber , sivri ve dolmalık biber saf hatları ve farklı biber anaçları tarama-seçim testine tabii tutulmuştur. Bitkilerde vejetatif aksam (gövde+yaprak) ve kök yaş ağırlıkları, kök/gövde oranı, ana gövde uzunluğu, yan dal ve yaprak sayısı, yaprak alanı, fotosentez ve yaprak klorofil içeriği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, biber saf hatları arasından 29H-1 yaprak klorofil içeriği, kök/gövde oranı ve kök yaş ağırlığı gibi parametreler bakımından istatistiki olarak en iyi sonucu verirken, 33H-1-2 ise fotosentez ve yaprak klorofil içeriği (SPAD) bakımından istatistiki olarak en iyi neticeleri vermiştir. Anaç adayları arasından Güçlü F1 anacı fotosentez, yaprak klorofil içeriği, ana gövde uzunluğu ve kök/gövde oranı gibi parametreler bakımından istatistiki olarak en iyi sonucu verirken, Yaocali F1 anacı ise vejetatif aksam (gövde+yaprak) ve kök yaş ağırlığı gibi parametreler bakımından istatistiki olarak en iyi neticeleri vermiştir.

Soil fertility is declining in low-input agriculture due to insufficient fertilizer application by small-scale farmers. On the other hand, concerns are rising regarding the environmental pollution of both air and water in high-input agriculture due to the excessive use of N fertilizers in short growing seasons for vegetable crops, which is directly linked to the health of human beings and environmental safety. This study aimed to determine genotypic differences in the Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) levels of different leafy vegetable species (Arugula, Spinach, Cress, Parsley, and Dill) grown hydroponically under two different N rates, low N (0.3 mM) and high N (3.0 mM), and to identify the plant traits that are contributing to NUE. A nutrient solution experiment was conducted between March and April 2024 by using an aerated Deep-Water Culture (DWC) technique in a fully automated climate room with a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with three replications for five weeks. The results indicated that shoot growth, as well as root morphological and leaf physiological responses, was significantly (p < 0.001) affected by genotype, the N rate, and genotype–N rate interactions. Shoot growth in some vegetable species (Arugula, Spinach, and Cress) was significantly higher under a low N than a high N rate, illustrating that they have a great capability for NUE under low N stress conditions. Similar results were also recorded for the root growth of the N-efficient species under low N rates. The NUE levels of these species were closely associated with leaf physiological (leaf area, leaf chlorophyll index (SPAD), photosynthesis, and total leaf chlorophyll (a + b) and carotenoids) and root morphological (root length, root volume, and average root diameter) characteristics. These plant traits could be useful indicators for the selection and breeding of ‘N-efficient’ leafy vegetable species for sustainable low-input agriculture systems in the future. However, further investigation should be carried out at the field level to confirm their commercial production viability.