Mariya Balashova

RELEVANCE. Adenoid hypertrophy, mouth breathing can significantly affect the development and formation of the dental system in children. One of the most difficult to correct malocclusion pathologies is anterior open bite. The literature contains isolated, sometimes contradictory reports on the effect of adenoid hypertrophy on the development of this type of malocclusion.AIM. To study the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy in children aged 7 to 9 years with anterior open bite, paying special attention to the characteristics of the factors determining the development of this malocclusion.MATERIALS AND METHODS. 60 children aged 7 to 9 years with an orthodontic diagnosis of anterior open bite were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups (comparative and control) based on otorhinolaryngological anamnesis (adenoid hypertrophy). According to the lateral cephalometry data, the tendency to skeletal anterior open bite was estimated. The correlation between the development of malocclusion and the presence of adenoid hypertrophy was assessed using the Pearson coefficient.RESULTS. This study included 30 children with anterior open bite and 30 without malocclusion. There was no strong correlation between the formation of an anterior open bite and the presence of hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil. The skeletal growth type index according to the LC data did not differ significantly in both groups, but the average vertical ratio for children with adenoid hypertrophy and mouth breathing was significantly higher for the control group (p = 0.05).СONCLUSIONS. The presence of adenoid hypertrophy in a child is not one of the main factors in the open anterior bite development. However, it is necessary to consider that adenoid hypertrophy and mouth breathing, especially for a long time, increases the risk of malocclusion development, effects on the growth of maxillofacial structures, which justifies the need for consultations of pediatric patients with related specialists.

The palatine tonsils hypertrophy can cause the development of oral breathing, obstructive sleep apnea, malocclusion, especially in children. Early diagnosis and treatment of ENT pathology is important to reduce the frequency of dental and general pathologies.Aim. To evaluate the measurements of the palatine tonsils by LC and CBCT and compare the effectiveness of these methods.Materials and methods. In 10 patients aged 10-12 years with enlarged palatine tonsils, according to ENT history, CBCT were performed, LC reformates were formed. The clinical efficacy and limitations applied method and correlation between the area and volume of the tonsils were evaluated.Results. The difference in tonsils size according to 2D and 3D methods was not statistically significant. However, СBCT allows to visualize the bounders better, to evaluate the tonsils from both sides, excluding the superimposition of soft tissue contours (soft palate, tongue) and bone structure (mandibular angle).Conclusions. The results show that linear measurements of the tonsils are reliable since there is a positive correlation with the corresponding sagittal parameters on 2D and 3D data. Accurate determination of the palatine tonsils size in a patient by lateral cephalography is difficult due to the large variability of the three-dimensional structure of the upper airway. Therefore, CBCT is a more accurate method in diagnosis tonsils.

Background:chronic apical periodontitis is a common pathology in dentistry, especially in endodontics. It is necessary to systematize data concerning commonly used irrigation solutions. The development of new protocols for endodontic treatment is a very promising direction. The use of a polyhexanide-based antiseptic can positively affect the results of endodontic treatment. Methods: the review was carried out involving the search for English language research and meta-analyses in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Results: the number of literary sources that were identified during the literature review is 180. After excluding publications that did not match the search criteria, the total number of articles included in the systematic review was determined to be 68. Conclusions: polyhexanide is a promising solution for infected root canal irrigation. The antibacterial activity of this substance is suitable for the elimination of pathogens responsible for the appearance of apical periodontitis.

Reducing the orthodontic treatment duration is an important issue, especially for adult patients who want to complete treatment faster due to social or aesthetic reasons. In addition, an increase in the duration of orthodontic treatment has a number of side effects, therefore, orthodontists and patients are interested in the use of techniques that can accelerate the movement of teeth. Shorter treatment times can be achieved through a combination of orthodontic and surgical or non-surgical techniques.Aim. To systematically evaluate scientific data on the effectiveness and side effects of surgical and non-surgical methods in accelerating orthodontic treatment in situations with the removal of premolars and subsequent closure of the post-extraction spaces.Materials and methods. Electronic search of articles was carried out using search engines and databases: Cyberleninka, eLIBRARY, Google Scholar, Pub Med, SCOPUS. The publication date criterion was selected from January 2010 to January 2021. Articles included in the systematic review had to meet the following inclusion criteria: controlled clinical trials and randomized controlled clinical trials conducted in humans and published in the last 11 years in English language. The systematic review included and analyzed 15 full-text articles.Result. According to the systematic review, the speed of movement of teeth increases 2 times with corticotomy, and 1.5 times with piezocorticotomy, which is consistent with the data of other studies. At the same time, the effectiveness of the movement remains for no more than 2 months after the intervention.Conclusions. The corticotomy procedure reduces the treatment time in comparison with traditional methods by 30-50% (6-8 months). The investigated techniques did not have a significant effect on the depth of probing, the level of attachment, on the density of bone tissue, rotation and inclination of the moved teeth. Since no complications were identified for 2-4 months of observation, further studies are required to assess long-term results in the long term.

Currently, intraosseous dental implantation is one of the most widely used methods to eliminate various defects of the dentition. Despite the achievements of modern medicine, the frequency of inflammatory complications, such as peri-implantitis, in patients after dental implantation remains relatively high. Some authors suggest the presence of similarity of peri-implantitis with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity at the level of pathogenesis, as well as cases of mimicry of these different nosological units are described. In this review, we study the pathogenetic mechanisms of the emergence and development of chronic inflammatory processes on the example of dental peri-implantitis, squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and periodontitis, as well as the comparison of pathogenetic patterns of these processes with the study of the possible relationship. The objective of the review was to provide readers with knowledge about the common pathogenetic mechanisms of different nosological units. First of all, the data are necessary for dentists, who must remember the principle of cancer alertness, carefully carry out differential diagnosis, change the tactics of treatment of peri-implantitis with suspected tumor process.