Rayudika Aprilia Patindra Purba

Bovine blood represents 4% of slaughter weight yet remains largely underutilised despite high protein content. This study scaled enzymatic hydrolysis from laboratory to pilot-scale production while evaluating bovine blood hydrolysate (BBH) as an alternative to commercial yeast hydrolysate (YH) in slow-growing chicken (Korat chickens) nutrition. Pilot-scale Neutrase hydrolysis of 400 kg batches achieved 15.08% degree of hydrolysis and 50.23% protein recovery, exceeding laboratory-scale performance. Comprehensive characterization revealed that BBH contained 59% of peptides within the bioactive 0.4 to 2 kDa range and exhibited 45.09% β-sheet secondary structure. Amino acid profiling demonstrated substantial enrichment in branched-chain amino acids, with leucine reaching 11,131 mg per 100 g representing 426% greater abundance than commercial YH. BBH exhibited superior in vitro antioxidant activities, achieving 335 µg Trolox equivalent per mL in ABTS radical scavenging compared to 271 µg for yeast hydrolysate and 122 µg EDTA equivalent per mL in metal chelating versus 90 µg for yeast hydrolysate. In vivo evaluation with 400 Korat chickens demonstrated that 0.1% BBH supplementation significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities by 13 to 33% across superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase while maintaining growth performance equivalent to controls. Meat quality improved through 3.86% cooking loss reduction compared to unsupplemented controls ( p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed functional equivalence between BBH and commercial YH. Therefore, pilot-scale BBH represents a sustainable technology converting meat industry waste into functional feed ingredients supporting enhanced animal health and product quality.

Food Science of Animal Resources (Food Sci. Anim. Resour.) is an international, peer-reviewed bimonthly journal publishing original research and reviews on basic and applied aspects of the use of animal resources including the meat, egg, dairy, and edible insect/worm products. Food Sci. Anim. Resour. is published and distributed by the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources.

This investigation presents a rigorous comparative evaluation of methanolic and hexanoic extracts from Takhrai (Cymbopogon citratus) leaves against commercial antioxidants for mitigating oxidative stress in heat-stressed ruminants. Phytochemical profiling revealed significantly higher concentrations of bioactive compounds in methanolic extracts, particularly ascorbic acid (2.12 ± 0.08 mg/g), sinapic acid (0.71 ± 0.03 mg/g), and apigenin (0.38 ± 0.02 mg/g). Methanolic extracts demonstrated exceptional antioxidant activities (DPPH IC₅₀ = 36.62 ± 0.65 μg/mL), superior erythrocyte protection (hemoglobin oxidation IC₅₀ = 12.06 ± 0.29 μg/mL), and robust Nrf2 pathway activation (HO-1 induction = 3.42 ± 0.17-fold). Metabolomic analyses revealed preservation of glutathione metabolism and attenuation of lipid peroxidation product accumulation. Immunomodulatory assessment demonstrated significant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α reduced by 54.3 ± 4.8%) and enhancement of anti-inflammatory mediators following LPS challenge. While storage stability presented limitations at ambient conditions (52.4 ± 3.7% activity retention after 6 months), refrigeration substantially improved preservation (92.3 ± 2.8%). Comprehensive effectiveness ranking across twelve parameters positioned methanolic extracts (mean score 1.7) comparable to vitamin E (1.6) and superior to other interventions. Collectively, these findings establish methanolic Takhrai extracts as promising sustainable alternatives to commercial antioxidants, with particular relevance for ruminant production in tropical regions

This meta-analysis systematically evaluates the efficacy of dietary interventions for mitigating enteric methane production in ruminants through the application of advanced statistical methodologies. A comprehensive dataset comprising 119 peer-reviewed publications (2000–2024) was analyzed using robust variance estimation, multilevel modeling, and network meta-analysis to quantify intervention efficacy and identify moderating factors while properly accounting for within-study dependencies. The results demonstrate a clear efficacy hierarchy of macroalgae (51.0% reduction [95% CI: 37.0–63.0%]), 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP; 30.6% [95% CI: 22.0–45.0%]), nitrate (16.0% [95% CI: 6.0–26.0%]), oils (14.7% [95% CI: 5.0–24.0%]), and phytochemicals (13.5% [95% CI: 4.0–22.0%]). The meta-regression analyses identified significant dose–response relationships for macroalgae (coefficient = −0.212, p < 0.001), 3-NOP (coefficient = −0.002, p < 0.001), nitrate (coefficient = −0.045, p = 0.004), and oils (coefficient = −0.031, p = 0.008), with animal type significantly moderating efficacy across interventions. The temporal trend analysis revealed significant efficacy improvements for macroalgae, nitrate, and phytochemicals (p < 0.05). The examination of intervention combinations identified synergistic effects for tannin + nitrate (ratio = 1.25) and 3-NOP + macroalgae (ratio = 1.12) combinations. The integration of efficacy data with implementation factors demonstrated substantial variation in practical viability, with 3-NOP, oils, and nitrate demonstrating the most favorable implementation profiles despite macroalgae’s superior efficacy. This comprehensive synthesis provides a quantitative foundation for developing targeted methane mitigation strategies across diverse ruminant production systems.

Objective: This study investigated the effects of feeding anthocyanin-rich black cane treated with ferrous sulfate and molasses on animal performance, rumen fermentation, microbial composition, blood biochemical indices, and carcass characteristics in meat goats.Methods: Thirty-two Thai-native×Anglo-Nubian crossbred male goats (14.47±2.3 kg) were divided equally into two groups (n = 16) to investigate the effect of feeding diet containing 50% untreated anthocyanin-rich black cane silage (BS) vs diet containing anthocyaninrich black cane silage treated with 0.03% ferrous sulfate and 4% molasses (TBS) on average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI). At the end of 90 d feeding trial, the goats were slaughtered to determine blood biochemical indices, rumen fermentation, microbial composition, and carcass characteristics differences between the two dietary groups.Results: Goats fed the TBS diet had greater ADG and ADG to DMI ratio (p<0.05). TBS diet did not affect rumen fluid pH; however, goats in the TBS group had lower rumen ammonia N levels (p<0.05) and higher total volatile fatty acid concentrations (p<0.05). Goats in the TBS group had a higher (p<0.05) concentration of Ruminococcus albus but a lower (p<0.05) concentration of methanogenic bacteria. The TBS diet also resulted in lower (p<0.05) thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances concentration but higher (p<0.05) total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase concentrations in blood plasma, while having no effect on plasma protein, glucose, lipid, immunoglobin G, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Meat from goats fed the TBS diet contained more intramuscular fat (p<0.05) and was more tender (p<0.05).Conclusion: In comparison to goats fed a diet containing 50% untreated anthocyanin-rich black cane silage, feeding a diet containing 50% anthocyanin-rich black cane silage treated with 0.03% ferrous sulfate and 4% molasses improved rumen fermentation and reduced oxidative stress, resulting in higher growth and more tender meat.

Purple Napier grass is a semi-dwarf, purple-leaved Napier grass. The purple color is anthocyanins. Anthocyanin is classified as a group of flavonoids. It has antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of plant spacing and harvesting age on the forage yield, morphological characteristics, chemical composition, and anthocyanin composition of purple Napier grass. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of plant spacing and harvesting age on the forage yield, morphological characteristics, chemical composition, and anthocyanin composition of purple Napier grass when grown on a sandy soil. The cultivars were Napier Pakchong 1 (Pennisetum purpureum × Pennisetum americanum cv. Pakchong 1) and purple Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum “Prince”), with plant spacings of 50 × 50, 50 × 75, and 75 × 75 cm, and the harvesting ages were 45, 60, and 75 days. The experiment was a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial layout in a randomized complete block design with four replications, for a total of 72 plots, each 5 × 5 m. The purple Napier grass had a higher number of tillers per plant than the Napier Pakchong 1 grass. The LSR value (leaf/stem ratio) was influenced by the interaction of cultivar × plant spacing × harvesting age. The purple Napier grass planted at 75 × 75 cm for 45 days had the highest LSR value. The crude protein of the purple Napier grass, the grass planted at 75 × 75 cm, and the grass for 45 days were significantly higher than the other treatments. The purple Napier grass planted at 75 × 75 cm for 45 days had the highest (p < 0.05) anthocyanin content. It was concluded that purple Napier grass planted at 75 × 75 cm for 45 days would contain the proper number of tillers per plant, LSR value, chemical composition for ruminants, and the highest anthocyanin composition.

Due to its advantageous antioxidant phytochemical components, Psidium guajava L. has become an indispensable plant in pharmaceutical formulations, playing a crucial role in safeguarding human health. On ruminant animals, however, there has been limited investigation. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the phytochemical profiles and biological potential of Farang (P. guajava L.) leaf extracts for ruminant health. Methanolic and hexanoic extracts from various agricultural areas were prepared over a five-month period. By means of HPLC-DAD, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), essential oil (eugenol), tannin (gallic acid), cinnamic acids (caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, and ferulic acid), and flavonoids (catechin, rutin, myricetin, quercetin, apigenin, and kaempferol) were detected and quantified. Solvent type, but not cultivation site or sampling time, explained the observed variation in phytochemical profile. Phytochemicals were found in lower concentrations in hexanoic extracts than in methanolic extracts. Catechin and sinapic acid were discovered to be the two most abundant phytochemicals in the methanolic extract of Farang leaf, followed by other phenolic compounds, essential oils, and water-soluble vitamins. Compared with the methanolic extract, the hexanoic extract of Farang leaves was less effective at scavenging oxidation in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide, and superoxide, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Hexanoic extract was found to be less protective against oxidative damage in ruminant erythrocytes than methanolic extract in terms of inhibiting hemoglobin oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and hemolysis. According to the findings of this study, the leaves of Farang (P. guajava L.) are a potential source of phytochemical compounds with wellness properties for ruminant production.

Sauropus androgynus has become an essential plant in pharmaceutical formulations due to its beneficial antioxidant phytochemical components, participating in the antioxidant defense system and playing an important role in protecting human health. However, no research has been conducted on ruminant animals. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profiles and biological potential of S. androgynus leaf extracts for ruminant health. Methanolic and hexanoic extracts from each commercially and noncommercially cultivated site were prepared over the course of five consecutive months. By means of HPLC-DAD, vitamins (ascorbic acid), essential oils (eugenol), tannins (gallic acid), cinnamic acids (caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid and ferulic acid), and flavonoids (catechin, rutin, myricetin, quercetin, apigenin, and kaempferol) were detected. Variations in phytochemical composition were depending on solvent type but not on cultivation site or sample period. Methanolic extracts contained more phytochemicals than hexanoic extracts. Ascorbic acid and rutin were discovered to be the two most abundant phytochemicals in the methanolic extract of S. androgynus leaf, followed by essential oils, cinnamic acids, and tannins. In comparison to hexanoic extract, methanolic extract of S. androgynus demonstrated to be more efficient against oxidation scavenging: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (IC₅₀ = 13.14 ± 0.055 (mg/mL)), nitric oxide (IC₅₀ = 55.02 ± 1.338 (mg/mL)) and superoxide (IC₅₀ = 25.31 ± 0.886 (mg/mL)), as well as α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 9.83 ± 0.032 (mg/mL)). Similarly, methanolic was found to be more protective than hexanoic against oxidative damage in ruminant erythrocytes, with IC₅₀ values (mg/mL) for hemoglobin oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and hemolysis of 11.96 ± 0.011, 13.54 ± 0.012, and 5.940 ± 0.005, respectively. These findings suggested that the leaves of S. androgynus are a prospective source of phytochemical substances with health-promoting qualities for ruminant production.