Сергей Сергеевич Ильенок

Relevance. The need to identify new sources of industrial production of strategic metals that are critical for modern technologies. Aim. To study the geological and geochemical conditions that led to the formation of anomalous scandium concentrations in the coals of the western part of the West Siberian Basin. Methods. A range of modern analytical methods, including ICP-MS, INAA and scanning electron microscopy; statistical methods; geological and geochemical analysis of the migration and concentration of elements. Results and conclusions. In the western part of the West Siberian Basin, within the Shaim oil- and gas-bearing region, the authors have discovered the coals containing anomalous amounts of scandium, with no analogues in world practice. The maximum Sc content in coal is 83.6 ppm and in coal ash is 0.4%. In the future, this is a new industrial and genetic type of scandium deposits. Alongside Sc, coal ashes are also anomalously enriched in a group of siderophilic and lithophilic metals, including Zr, Ge, Nb, Y, and yttrium lanthanides. The forms of scandium occurrence in coal and the character of its distribution in coal seams point to a hydrogenic mechanism of anomaly formation. Studies shown that uniquely scandium-bearing coals are formed in areas with specific basement rock compositions, characterized by a significant proportion of basite-hyperbasite rocks. Weathering of these rocks leads to the formation of coal-bearing rocks enriched in scandium. During diagenesis and early catagenesis, soda water were formed in coal-bearing strata, favouring the transfer of scandium from terrigenous sediments and buried weathering crusts into solution, as well as its redistribution into coal seams, resulting in uniquely high scandium concentrations in coal. Based on the size of the studied area, the thickness of scandium-bearing strata, and the average metal content within them, the inferred resources of scandium can be estimated at 200 thousand tons.

This study presents the first U-Pb (CA-ID-TIMS) radioisotopic dating of zircon grains extracted from tonsteins within the uppermost Permian coal interval of the Minusinsk Coal Basin (Siberia, Russia). Petrographic, structural, and mineralogical analyses confirm the volcanic ash origin of the tonsteins. The parent pyroclastic materials are identified as rhyolite–pantellerite for tonstein I-22 and dacite–rhyodacite for tonstein I-12. Morphological analysis of zircon crystals, along with cathodoluminescence and melt inclusion studies, confirms their volcanic origin and crystallisation temperatures of 700–900 °C. New radioisotopic dates of 261.4 ± 0.7 Ma and 261.3 ± 0.4 Ma clarify the age of the Izykh Formation, enabling its direct correlation with the Capitanian Stage of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart. The results emphasise the possible discontinuity of the coal-bearing succession of Siberian palaeocontinent and highlight the potential for further stratigraphic refinement through continued radioisotopic dating of tonsteins.

Relevance. The necessity to know the conditions and forms of W concentration in coals for solving a number of scientific and engineering problems at complex development of coal deposits. Aim. Complex estimation of W modes of occurrence in coal for development of measures for rational ecologically safe use of coal. Methods. Correlation analysis, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, coal group analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, instrumental neutron activation analysis. Results and conclusions. The modes of occurrence of W in coal were studied by a complex of methods. In the majority of W-enriched coal deposits, a negative significant correlation of its content in coal and coal ash with ash yield was found, indicating its association with organic matter. Using the method of coal group composition analysis, it was found that the main carrier and concentrator of W in the studied lignite deposits is organic matter. The contribution of the mineral phase in general in W-rich coals and in coals with its normal content does not exceed 20%, usually less than 5%. These conclusions are also confirmed by infrared spectroscopy data, according to which no more than 15% of the metal in the samples studied is associated with mineral phases. The association of W with high molecular humic acids predominates. In anomalously W-enriched lignites, the humic acid phase represents 76 to 88% of the gross metal content. The role of bitumen and low-molecular-weight humic acids in the balance of W is marginal at their different levels in the coals. Mineral phases of W are not characteristic of coal. Nano-microinclusions of scheelite, wolframite, hubnerite and ferberite were recorded as isolated occurrences. The main mineral phases are associated with Fe and Mn hydroxides, in which W is presented as a trace element in the amount of 1–5% together with other elements (Ge, As, etc.). In more metamorphosed bituminous and anthracite coals, authigenic mineral formations were found, represented by tungstite, phyllotungstite, native W and complex Fe-Mn-Ca-W-O mineral phases.

This study presents the first U-Pb (CA-ID-TIMS) radioisotopic dating of zircon grains extracted from tonsteins (altered volcanic ashfalls) within the uppermost Permian coal interval of the Minusinsk Coal Basin (Siberia, Russia). Petrographic, structural, and mineralogical analyses confirm the volcanic ash origin of the tonsteins. The parent pyroclastic material is identified as rhyolite-pantellerite for tonstein I-22 and dacite-rhyodacite for tonstein I-12. Morphological analysis of zircon crystals, along with cathodoluminescence and melt inclusion studies, confirms their volcanic origin and crystallisation temperatures of 700–900ºC. New radioisotopic dates of 261.4 ± 0.7 Ma and 261.3 ± 0.4 Ma clarify the age of the Izykh Formation, enabling its direct correlation with the Capitanian Stage of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart. The results emphasise the possible discontinuity of the coal-bearing succession of southern Angaraland and highlight the potential for further stratigraphic refinement through continued radioisotopic dating of tonsteins.

Relevance. The need to study the elemental composition of the organism of wild and domestic animals in natural environments with different levels of chemical elements. Aim. To reveal features of the elemental composition of the organism of the Altai red deer (Cervus elaphus sibiricus Severtzov, 1873), wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777) in Ongudai district, Altai Republic, including the area with signs of active geophagy. Objects. Organs and tissues of wild and domestic animals. Methods. Mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma; atomic-emission spectrometry; ion chromatography, analytical electron microscope with energy dispersion spectrometer. Results. The median values of chemical elements concentrations in the organisms of the Altai red deer, the wild boar and the domestic pig have been determined. S, Cl and K showed the highest values in the composition of macroelements and La, Ce, Nd and Th among rare-earth and radioactive elements. Among the elemental composition features of the studied animals, an increased accumulation of Hg and Pb in the Altai red deer; metals of the Fe-group, W, as well as rare-earth and radioactive elements – in the boar; platinoids – in the domestic pig. In comparison with the results of previous studies, increased concentrations of Hg in red deer kidneys, W in boar bronchi and Pb in the brain of domestic pigs were recorded. Assumptions were made about the factors influencing the formation of the elemental composition of the body of animals. For red deer and wild boar these are the factors of nutrition (including geophagy) and features of accumulation of elements in bone tissue; for domestic pigs – features of forage and local metallogeny, including composition of natural waters.

Relevance. An original modeling method is presented, which allows obtaining qualitatively new results in practice of ecological-geochemical and biomedical research. Aim. To obtain new data on the forms of element migration in the conditions of animal and human organism parameters by means of physicochemical modeling (PC "Selector") with verification of calculated data with the results obtained for real natural objects and animal organisms. Objects. Samples of natural waters and tissues of wild animals. Methods. Computer modeling (PC "Selector"); inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Agilent 7700x spectrometer) – 55 elements; atomic emission spectrometry (AES, spectrometer iCAP 7600 Duo) –- 5 macrocations; ion chromatography (IC, ion-liquid chromatograph LC-20) – 6 anions; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, mass spectrometer NexION 300D; scanning electron microscopes Hitachi S-3400N with Bruker X@Flash 5010 energy dispersive spectrometer. Results. By means of modeling, the authors have determined the qualitative and quantitative composition of the system "solution – crystalline substance". They took into account environmental conditions and physiological parameters of animal and human organism. Natural drinking water, gastric juice, mixture of drinking water and gastric juice were used as a solution, and crystalline substance was used as newly formed mineral phases in equilibrium with the solution. The work allowed establishing that the complexes assumed in the model experiment can be the cause of appearance of nanomineral phases of chemical elements in separate tissues of a living organism. Актуальность. Предложен оригинальный метод моделирования, позволяющий получить качественно новые результаты в практике эколого-геохимических и медико-биологических исследований. Цель. Работа нацелена на получение новых данных по формам миграции элементов в условиях параметров организма животных и человека с помощью физико-химического моделирования (ПК «Селектор») с заверкой расчетных данных результатами, полученными по реальным природным объектам и организмам животных. Объекты: пробы природных вод и тканей диких животных. Методы: компьютерное моделирование (ПК «Селектор»); масс-спектрометрия с индуктивно связанной плазмой (ICP-MS, спектрометр Agilent 7700х) – 55 элементов; атомно-эмиссионная спектрометрия (АЭС, спектрометр iCAP 7600 Duo) – 5 макрокатионов; ионная хроматография (ИХ, ионно-жидкостный хроматограф LC-20, Shimadzu) – 6 анионов; масс-спектрометрия с индуктивно связанной плазмой (ICP-MS, масс-спектрометр NexION 300D); сканирующие электронные микроскопы Hitachi S-3400N с энерго-дисперсионным спектрометром Bruker X@Flash 5010. Результаты. С помощью моделирования определен качественный и количественный состав системы «раствор – кристаллическое вещество» с учетом условий окружающей среды и физиологических показателей организма животных и человека, где в качестве раствора были природные питьевые воды, желудочный сок, смесь питьевых вод и желудочного сока, а в качестве кристаллического вещества – равновесные с раствором новообразованные минеральные фазы. Работа позволила установить, что предполагаемые в модельном эксперименте комплексы могут являться причиной появления в отдельных тканях живого организма наноминеральных фаз химических элементов.

Link for citation: Ilenok S.S., Baranovskaya N.V., Panichev A.M., Seryodkin I.V., Belyanovskaya A.I., Chekryzhov I.Yu., Makarevich R.A., Soktoev B.R. The first data on micromineral modes of elements in the hair of mammals in Primorsky Krai. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 2, рр. 34-45. In Rus. The relevance of the work lies in the need to comprehend the variability of the chemical composition of mammalian organisms depending on the geological and geochemical environmental factors in their habitats under normal functioning conditions and in the presence of pathological processes. The performed studies bring new knowledge to the understanding of the processes of migration of a wide range of chemical elements from rocks into living organisms. As part of the implementation of the RSF grant the authors have studied the hair cover of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa), caught in the Terney district of Primorsky Krai, on the territory adjacent to the Sikhote-Alin State Biosphere Reserve; as well as the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus ) from a private farmstead in the village of Terney. In some areas of the reserve, the phenomenon of geophagy among wild ungulates is developed which results in the formation of characteristic landscape complexes – kudur. In recent years, rare earth elements are increasingly considered as the cause of geophagy: moreover, both their deficiency in the body and their excess are possible. As a consequence, animals may need to either replenish of rare earth elements or get rid of them. Rare earth elements sources for animals can be water, fodder vegetation, and weathered rocks of the crusts (in Sikhote-Alin, these are mainly rhyolites, their tuffs, and tuffites). Chemical elements, including rare earth elements, upon entering the body of mammals, can be accumulated in body tissues, including hair. That is why the study of the composition of micromineral inclusions in animal hair is of interest. Aim of the research is to search and determine microminerals in the hairline of animals from the territory of the Terneisky district of Primorsky Krai; to identify the localization sites of microminerals. Methods. Animal hair samples were studied using a Hitachi S-3400N scanning electron microscope with a Bruker X@Flash 5010 energy-dispersive spectrometer. The results were interpreted using modern Internet databases of minerals. Results. Electron microscopic studies have shown that the hairline of a domestic pig contains aluminosilicates of complex composition, copper and iron oxides, ilmenite, quartz, galena, muscovite, calcite, potassium feldspar, albite, barite, zircon, pyroxene, apatite, rare earth phosphates. In red deer hair: quartz, muscovite, plagioclase, iron oxides, calcite, titanite, and montmorillonite were found. Quartz, plagioclase, muscovite-illite, kaolinite, titanium silicate, calcite, iron oxides, chlorite, titanite, rutile, ilmenite, native nickel, sylvin, cerium oxides, Ce-Al phases, rare earth elements phosphates and complex phases Si-Al-S-Na-O were found in the wild boar hairline. At the same time, a significant part of these minerals were found in the thickness of the hair cuticle in all animals, which suggests their endogenous origin (due to the intake of chemical elements from the blood). Conclusions. The study of the internal sections of animal hair and their surface revealed the existence of both exogenous and endogenous factors in the accumulation of elements in the form of mineral inclusions. Ссылка для цитирования: Первые данные о микроминеральных формах нахождения элементов в волосяном покрове млекопитающих Приморского Края /С.С. Ильенок, Н.В. Барановская, А.М, Паничев, И.В. Серёдкин, А.И. Беляновская, И.Ю. Чекрыжов, Р.А. Макаревич, Б.Р. Соктоев // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2023. – Т. 334. – № 2. – С. 34-45. Актуальность работы состоит в необходимости изучения вариативности химического состава организма млекопитающих в зависимости от геолого-геохимических факторов среды на территориях их обитания в условиях нормального функционирования и при наличии патологических процессов. Выполненные исследования привносят новые знания в понимание процессов миграции обширного набора химических элементов из горных пород в живые организмы. В рамках выполнения гранта РНФ изучен волосяной покров благородного оленя (Cervus elaphus) и дикого кабана (Sus scrofа), добытых в Тернейском районе Приморского края, на территории, прилегающей к Сихотэ-Алинскому государственному биосферному заповеднику, а также – домашней свиньи (Sus scrofa domesticus) из частного подворья в п. Терней. На некоторых участках территории заповедника развито явление геофагии среди диких копытных, следствием которого является формирование характерных ландшафтных комплексов – кудуров. В последние годы в...

The relevance of the study is caused by the need to develop the oil and gas industry in Western Siberia by identifying unconventional (including low-permeability) reservoirs and assessing their prospects for development. The aim: to increase the efficiency of gas production by studying the influence of the structure of the mineral substance of rocks on the pore space and identifying unconventional reservoirs. Objects: Senonian deposits, the commissioning of which is planned to support production in the gas industry. Methods: optical and electron scanning microscopy, X-ray spectral and X-ray fluorescence analysis, Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, analysis of filtration-capacitive properties by the GRI-SMP-200 method. Results. The features of the mineral composition of low-permeable siliceous-clay reservoir rocks of the Berezovskaya formation in the north of Western Siberia are studied on the example of the Medvezhye deposit. The chemogenic-biogenic origin of these sedimentary rocks is confirmed by the remnants of organic material: sponge spicules, radiolarian shells, mollusks, etc. The rock structure reveals small pores filled with kaolinite and quartz, and individual grains of montmorillonite. Also, there are numerous spherical aggregates of framboid pyrite (FeS2), which is an autigenic early-diagenetic biomineral and characterizes the reduction zone of diagenesis. It is shown that the "crystaffinity index" which characterizes the degree of transformation of the opal-cristobalite-tridimite phase (OCT-phase) of silica can be chosen as a lithological and mineralogical criterion for identifying productive zones in unconventional reservoirs of the Medvezhye deposit. The appearance of the crystalline phase of quartz from unstable chemogenic-biogenic amorphous silica causes the appearance of larger voids, increasing gas saturation and gas permeability.