Rocío Romero-Hernández

The use of three-dimensional models in urban environments is becoming an increasingly key strategy for the sustainable management of existing resources, as it can provide detailed information on a wide range of subsoil conditions. This is why the development of procedures that facilitate the automatic modelling of a reality that is difficult to sense is a topic of scientific interest. This research presents a methodology for assigning global heights (elevations) to geotechnical survey points in the metropolitan area of Seville (Spain) in the absence of such data. Based on the use of mathematical surface models for an improvement of the interpolation possibilities, methods based on Ordinary Kriging (OK) and Triangulated Irregular Network Cubic Interpolation (TIN cubic) have been shown to be much more robust than Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). For this purpose, different distribution hypotheses (random and regular, with and without gaps) and quantities of points have been considered in a simulation study on various mathematical surfaces. The final results, applied in representative areas of the metropolitan area, have demonstrated an improvement of the global interpolated height error up to 15 times better with respect to the real data used as a sample in the period 2000–2024. Furthermore, they illustrate that the classified LIDAR data currently employed in the development of Digital Terrain Models (DTM) can result in considerable modelling errors when applied directly in highly anthropised environments. Consequently, the developed method proves valid for the realisation of adjusted proposals of topographies in urban environments and shows an interesting potential for proposing future coherent depth distributions in subsurface strata.

The need for sustainable urban growth management and preventive conservation of built elements constitute the key factors in today’s increasing demand for the better understanding of subsoil. This information, mainly available from geotechnical surveys, can be integrated into spatial databases to produce operational models. Aiming to generate strategies that enable the visualisation of underground properties in highly anthropised environments, the following four-phase methodology has been proposed: (a) Gathering of geotechnical data; (b) Spatial and statistical analysis; (c) Database design; (d) Generation of 2D and 3D models. Following the aforementioned criteria and using open sources, a spatial dataset of 650 points located within the historical centre of Seville (Spain) has been developed. This urban area is characterised by the heterogeneous distribution of its soil layers and their geotechnical properties. The results show that the application of this method enables a prompt and efficient display of the distribution of geotechnical layers in urban and metropolitan environments, by considering the variations in their mechanical properties. This simplified approach therefore establishes a new starting point for the development of predictive strategies based on approaches of a more complex nature that facilitate the analysis of the interactions between subsoil, buildings, and infrastructures.

Non-destructive testing (NDT) for the diagnosis of heritage buildings has proved to be one of the most sustainable approaches in the field of preventive conservation. Nevertheless, the comprehensive management of NDT information is complex, often resulting in a poorly optimized use of the data. This contribution aims to propose a method for integrating NDT data in a standardized way into simplified digital information models, produced using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This method is applied to the plasterwork located in the Courtyard of the Maidens, which are elements with an enormous historic-artistic value in the Royal Alcazar of Seville (Spain), a significant UNESCO monument. For this purpose, a multi-scale web GIS-based model has integrated the NDT information from the plasterworks, such as ambient conditions, damage mapping, C-Shore Hardness, Superficial Humidity, Infrared thermography (IRT), Digital Image Processing (DIP) and Ground Penetration Radar (GPR). The combined georeferencing of the data from the various measurements and their simultaneous visualization has enabled the detection of vulnerable areas in the complex. The results are easily accessible for managers, and additionally show the analytical potential of the research approach, thereby allowing a quick diagnosis and hierarchization of tasks.

In order to solve connectivity problems in metropolitan areas, the development of underground metro lines constitutes an unquestionable requirement. However, the construction work thereof encounters unfavourable circumstances when surface excavations must be carried out that cross historical areas of the city, due to the need to control surface movements. The design of the metro in the city of Seville (Spain) from 2004 to 2006 provides a representative example of this situation and triggered major upheavals that exerted repercussions on historical buildings. For these reasons, the excavation stages of Line 1 of this metro have been simulated by numerical methods using FLAC3D software and validated with the results provided by the real conditions. Consequently, various surface settlements have been evaluated by taking not only variates of the main parameters that characterise the soil of Seville, but also of the various load situations and excavation conditions. Notable results have been achieved through calibration of 54 variants of the same model corresponding to Line 1, and their comparison with the real results obtained in nine critical areas of the itinerary. The results obtained have made it possible to determine the effects of excavation on the subsoil of the city of Seville with great accuracy, since the percentage error of calculated vertical surface movements varies from 0.1% to 5.3%.

En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de la evolución de las Necesidades Educativas Especiales y su adaptación en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de las nociones lógico-matemáticas en la etapa de Educación Infantil. Además, se han considerado la manipulación de diferentes materiales y el desarrollo de distintas metodologías para conseguir la inclusión de este alumnado, para llegar a desarrollar una propuesta que aúne a todas estas características. Para ello, se han realizado entrevistas a profesorado.

El Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula que se desarrolla en este documento se va a realizar dentro la asignatura optativa Complementos de Mecánica del suelo del Grado en fundamentos de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Sevilla. A través de un proceso colaborativo de estudio de las características propias de un elemento arquitectónico concreto, su estado actual, su historia, sus elementos, su materia- lidad, su relación con el entorno, se pretende caracterizar el edificio empleando Sistemas de Información Geográfica (GIS), comprobando el potencial que tienen estás herramientas para la caracterización de inmuebles a escala arquitectónica y generación de bases para el desarrollo de un catálogo interactivo de datos con- cretos de cada edificio, que puedan contener desde datos a escala arquitectónica a datos de las cartografías geotécnicas disponibles en abierto. Palabras clave: Complementos de mecánica del suelo y cimentaciones, grado en fundamentos de arquitectura, docencia universitaria, desarrollo profesional docente, ciclo de mejora en el aula

Cutting tool wear constitutes one of the principal parameters in the processing cost of building stone. The life index of the cutting tool is obtained by evaluating the wear of diamond segments in the processing plants and examining the main parameters thereof. The purpose of this study is to determine the life index of the diamond cutting tool by considering the physico-mechanical properties of marble stones and the operational parameter of cutting speed. To this end, a dataset was provided by collecting the data from eight building stone processing plants in the provinces of Tehran, Isfahan, and Yazd of Iran. In this regard, the number of square metres of building stone that every diamond cutting tool can cut during its lifetime is defined as the cutting tool life index (TLI). After collecting the required data, SPSS software was employed for statistical analysis. The results revealed that the Brazilian tensile strength is the main parameter that affects the cutting tool life index. Linear and non-linear regression analyses were then considered for the development of predictive models for the TLI based on the Brazilian tensile strength. The performance of the developed models was subsequently examined by using three different criteria: the coefficient of determination, the variance accounted for, and the root-mean-square error. The results of this study show that the non-linear predictive model of the TLI presents a very good performance, and thus, the diamond cutting tool life index can be obtained for marble stones by considering the model developed herein.