Marnel Peradilla

Technologies and other things are fully automated, meaning signal processing and microstrip antennas for communication are essential because of their compact size and versatility. Due to inefficiency and other factors, traditional communication methods fail, which means some emergency communication systems encounter difficulties. MATLAB was used to simulate a microstrip antenna for turbo code off-grid emergency communication and signaling of internet of things (IoT) devices. A criterion is followed to determine whether a microstrip antenna’s behavior meets the emergency communication requirements. The results show that the system’s transfer function satisfies the required conditions to meet efficient communication and signaling, especially in emergencies. The step response peaked at 1.04 and an overshoot of 4.6%, meeting the conditions for efficient communication. Besides that, the generated Bode plot and Nyquist plot display the required behavior, meaning that the microstrip antenna can function as a communication device for emergency situations.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are continuously used in different fields of application. As data transmission increases, it becomes necessary to suggest methods for enhancing energy efficiency, reducing data latency, and alleviating network congestion. Data Aggregation is an approach to enhance network lifetime and reduce data latency when data is transmitted across the network. Data gathered in WSNs must be aggregated properly and arrive in time at the gateway, as these are usually deployed to collect real-time data. Although different protocols have been developed to improve data aggregation, few have only been implemented in real-time WSNs. This study proposes a two-level cluster-based data aggregation protocol for real-time WSN clusters. The proposed data aggregation protocol is implemented in a testbed scenario to explore its feasibility and was evaluated using metrics that cover power consumption, packet transmissions between the sensor nodes and cluster head, percent of aggregation, total data points, and the resources identified for the protocol to operate properly. Overall, based on the test scenarios implemented, the protocol can significantly lessen the amount of data points to be sent to the sink wherein a minimum of 50% of the data points can be aggregated for accelerometer data while 40% for temperature data. Additionally, the aggregation protocol was able to retain a minimum of 33% of the original accelerometer data and a minimum of 51% of the temperature data.

Archimedes screw turbines are considered a new technology in small- or microscale hydropower. Archimedes screw turbines are easy and practical to operate. However, their manufacturing presents some challenges owing to their screw-shaped design. Most of the previous works on Archimedes screw turbines focused on the turbines’ design, while limited studies were found on their manufacturing processes. In addition, no review work was found on the manufacturability of the Archimedes screw turbine. Hence, this work aims to address this gap by reviewing the various manufacturing methods of Archimedes screw turbines. Moreover, one of the objectives of the study is to assess the sustainable manufacturability of the Archimedes screw turbine. The results show that Archimedes screw turbines are mainly manufactured using conventional manufacturing methods for larger turbines and 3D printers for relatively smaller ones. Traditional methods of manufacturing entailed high skill proficiency, while 3D-printing methods for Archimedes screw turbines are still in their early developmental stages. Sustainable assessment studies have identified additive manufacturing as having a relatively lower environmental impact than conventional manufacturing on turbine blades. These trade-offs must be accounted for in the design and development of Archimedes screw turbines. Moreover, integrating sustainability assessment and the employment of Industry 4.0 enables the smart production and sustainable assessment of AST manufacturability.

The existing LTE mobile system uses the vertical model to handle the session-based security management. However, the goal of this paper is to propose a packet key-based security management scheme on the blockchain control plane to enhance the existing session key-based security scheme and overcome the limitation that the existing vertical model, as well as the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) based horizontal model, confronts within solving end-to-end security management. The proposed blockchain-based security management (BSM) scheme enables each peer to easily obtain the necessary parameters required to manage the packet key-based security system. The important features of the BSM scheme include the renewal process, which enables the different packet data streams to use completely different security parameters for the security management. In addition, because even blind values cannot be exposed to the possible attackers, our BSM scheme guarantees very secure end-to-end data transfer against active attacks such as falsification of data and transactions. Finally, this paper compares the BSM scheme with the existing vertical model to prove the advantageous effects on latency.

MIPv4 and MIPv6 protocols, which are based on the vertical mobility management model, are network layer functions providing pre-call and mid-call mobility management for mobile nodes. The presence of non-standardized Network Address Translation (NAT) devices and widespread use of private addresses cause NAT traversal issues when a mobile node, which operates with a vertical model of network functions, changes its private IP address during a session. The Software-Defined Networking (SDN) raises the horizontal model, where the network functions are integrated and controlled over control plane. In this dissertation, we propose an Overlay Network Controller-centric (ONC) horizontal model mobility management, which operates for mobile nodes behind NAT devices. The proposed ONC-centric horizontal model mobility management is an early adaptation of the horizontal model of network functions on the control layer, which has the combined functions of NAT management and mobility management. Also, the proposed ONC-centric horizontal model mobility management guarantees an easier way to handle the NAT management and mobility management together. Finally, this paper compares the proposed ONC-centric horizontal mobility management with the existing mobility management solutions with respect to advantages and layer 3 handover latency.